Library Workshop for EDD 8008
Conceptualizing Research
Part 1:
Learning APA Style and RefWorks
28 SEP 2013
Outline
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Citing references and citation styles
Learning APA Style
Managing references with RefWorks
Q&A
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Citing References
• Allows you to use other people’s work by giving credit to the original
author without plagiarizing
• Provides documentation for all facts and figures that are not common
knowledge
• Strengthens your work by lending outside support to your arguments
• Provides the source information for others who wants to find out more
about your ideas
• Accurately prepared references help establish your credibility as a
careful researcher
• Out of order/incomplete citations cause inaccurate citation network
indexing
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What’s the difference between
reference list and bibliography?
A reference list consists of all sources cited in the text of a paper,
listed alphabetically by author’s surname.
A bibliography may include resources that were consulted but
not cited in the text as well as an annotated description of each
one.
Bibliographies may be organized chronologically, or by subject,
rather than alphabetically.
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Citation Styles
APA Style
Walser, R. D., & Westrup, D. (2009). The mindful couple: How acceptance and
mindfulness can lead you to the love you want. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger
Publications.
Chicago Style
Walser, Robyn D., and Darrah Westrup. 2009. The mindful couple: How
acceptance and mindfulness can lead you to the love you want. Oakland, CA:
New Harbinger Publications.
MLA Style
Walser, Robyn D., and Darrah Westrup. The Mindful Couple: How Acceptance
and Mindfulness Can Lead You to the Love You Want. Oakland, CA: New
Harbinger Publications, 2009. Print.
Harvard Style
Walser, RD & Westrup, D 2009, The mindful couple: how acceptance and
mindfulness can lead you to the love you want, Oakland, CA, New Harbinger
Publications.
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Citation Styles: Characteristics
Citations Styles
In-text citation
Rules
Scholarly Disciplines
APA Style
http://www.apastyle.org/
Author-date
style
Psychology, education and
other social sciences
MLA Style
http://www.mla.org/style
Author-page
style
Literature, arts and
humanities
Oxford Style
http://guides.is.uwa.edu.au/Oxford
Documentarynote style
Philosophy and history
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Citation System of HKIEd
• For more details of the requirement of citation system of HKIEd, please
refer to chapter 14 of the Student Handbook:
http://www.ied.edu.hk/reg/student_handbook/main.html
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APA Style
http://www.apastyle.org
• Developed by the American Psychological Association
• Widely used in Psychology & Social Sciences journals
• Latest edition (6th ed.) released in July 2009
• Manuscripts submitted to APA journals must conform to the 6th
edition
• Students and staff of HKIEd are required to use APA style for their
reference list or bibliography, unless otherwise stated
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Library Resources of APA Style (6th ed.)
Publication manual
American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of
the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC:
Author.
Other references:
American Psychological Association. (2010). Concise rules of APA
style. (6th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
American Psychological Association. (2010). Mastering APA style:
Instructor’s resource guide (6th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
American Psychological Association. (2010). Mastering APA style:
Student’s workbook and training guide (6th ed.). Washington, DC:
Author.
American Psychological Association. (2012). APA style guide to
electronic references (6th ed.). Retrieved from
http://library.ied.edu.hk/record=b1900273~S5
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Online Resources of APA Style (6th ed.)
APA Style Home Page http://www.apastyle.org/
• Online Tutorials
• Supplemental Materials
• Sample Papers
Update on APA Style
• APA Style Blog http://blog.apastyle.org/
• Facebook http://www.facebook.com/APAStyle
• Twitter http://twitter.com/APA_Style
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APA Style: Citing References in Text
• References are cited in text with author-date system and listed
Example
alphabetically in the reference list
• Each entry in the reference list must be cited in text
• Each reference cited in text must appear in the reference list with
the exception of the follow two kinds of works:
1. Classical works: Bible, Qu’ran, Dao De Jing, etc.
e.g. (2 Cor. 5:17 New International Version)
(Qur’an 5:3-4)
2. Personal communications (non-recoverable data)
e.g. B. H. Philips (personal communication, May 11, 2001)
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Citing Works by Multiple Authors
• 2 Authors
Cite both authors every time
Smith and Johnson (1998) found that the system …
The findings confirmed with previous study (Smith & Johnson, 1998)
• 3-5 Authors
First citation:
Cheung, Li, Searle, Chan, and Frazer (1996) reviewed the theory of …
Subsequent citations:
Cheung et al. (1996) further developed a measuring system …
• 6 or more Authors
Use et al. (not italicized) for the first and subsequent citations
Kohn et al. (2007) suggested the possible causes …
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Writing Style
 DO NOT use periods with web addresses in text or in the reference list
 In text: include URL in parentheses, avoid ending a sentence with a URL
Example:
The APA (http://www.apa.org) has updated the rules of publication style in July
2009, with expanded discussions on ethics …
Horton, M. (2009, September 9). H1N1 prevention tips by Dr. Mark Horton [Video
file]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UT2BGE_XyIY
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Footnotes
• When using APA style, you need not use footnotes at the bottom
of the page or at the end of your paper for reference citation.
• According to Section 2.12 of Publication Manual of the American
Psychological Association, 6th edition, use of footnotes serve two
functions:
1. To provide additional content;
2. To acknowledge copyright permission status.
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Reference List
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Arrange by authors in Alphanumerical Order
Each reference cited in text must appear in the reference list (except for classical
works and personal communications)
Each entry in the reference list must be cited in text
Entire Book
Damrosch, D. (2003). What is world literature? Princeton, NJ: Princeton University
Press.
Edited Book
Ercikan, K., & Roth, W.-M. (Eds.). (2009). Generalizing from educational research:
Beyond qualitative and quantitative polarization. New York, NY: Routledge.
Book Chapter
Tian, C. (2009). Development of dialectical materialism in China. In B. Mou (Ed.),
History of Chinese philosophy (pp.512-538). London, England: Routledge.
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Publication Place
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Include the state abbreviation (e.g., New York, NY) for all cities of United States
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Include the Country for all locations outside United States
Coles-Ritchie , M. (2009). Inciting change in secondary English language programs:
The case of Cherry High School . New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
Haughey , J. C. (2009). Where is knowing going?: The horizons of the knowing subject.
Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
Hardman, A. E., & Stensel, D. J. (2009). Physical activity and health: The evidence
explained . (2nd ed.). London, England: Routledge.
Aw, T. (2009). Map of the invisible world. Toronto, Canada: McClelland & Stewart.
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Journal Articles
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (year). Title of article. Title of
journal, vol (issue), pp-pp.
• Retain the hyphen if the author’s first name is hyphenated
Hue, M.-T. (2009). Promotion of spiritual development: Exploration of the
self and spiritualism through the practice of Chinese calligraphy. Pastoral
Care in Education, 27, 63-76.
• Include the issue no. if the journal is paginated by issue
Bill, M., & Emmy, M. (2008). Writing tutors in the economics classroom: A
case study. The Canadian Journal of Higher Education, 38(3), 21-36.
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Publications by Multiple Authors
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Up to 7 Authors: List all authors
Tiihonen, J., Lönnqvist, J., Wahlbeck, K., Klaukka, T., Niskanen, L.,
Tanskanen, A., & Haukka, J. (2009). 11-year follow-up of mortality
in patients with schizophrenia: A population-based cohort study
(FIN11 study). Lancet, 374, 620-627.
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More than 7 Authors
1. List the first six authors
2. Omit all subsequent authors except the last & replaced with …
3. List the last author
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An article with 21 authors
List the first 6 and the last author
Seedat, S., Scott, K. M., Angermeyer, M. C., Berglund, P., Bromet, E. J., Brugha, T.
S., . . . Kessler, R. C. (2009). Cross-National Associations between gender and
mental disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health
Surveys. Archives of General Psychiatry, 66, 785-795.
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Non-English Publications
• Give original title, and translate title into English with brackets
Sack, F. (2006). Das offene Haus: für eine neue Architektur [Open house:
towards a new]. Berlin, Germany: Jovis.
Ye, Q., Li, B., & Cheng, J. (2006). 20世纪西方人生哲学 [The western
philosophy of life of 20th century]. Beijing, China: Remin Chubanshe.
or
Ye, Q., Li, B., & Cheng, J. (2006). 20 shiji xifang rensheng zhexue [The
western philosophy of life of 20th century]. Beijing, China: Remin
Chubanshe.
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References of Electronic Resources
• Use Digital Object Identifiers (DOI), when available, to replace as
persistent and reliable links to locate sources (for both print &
electronic sources)
• If DOI unavailable, use home page URL of the journal
• If the item cannot be easily retrieved from the source, use the full
document URL (e.g. blog)
• Retrieval dates no longer required unless the source material may
change over time (e.g. Wikis)
• Database information not required unless the item is only available in
the database
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Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
• Unique identification of electronic publication
• An alphanumeric string assigned by registration agency
• Persistent link to its location on the Internet
• Format: 10.xxxx/xxxx (e.g. 10.1080/02607470903220398)
• Links to the document by DOI resolver provided by the registration
agency, e.g. CrossRef.org
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DOI
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DOI Resolver
Locate the electronic publication with DOI resolver
1.
Crossref.org
http://www.crossref.org
2.
Append the doi string to http://dx.doi.org/
e.g. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02607470903220497
3.
中文DOI
http://www.chinadoi.cn/
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Try it out
Find the article with DOI: 10.1007/s11516-010-0007-0
Steps
1. Go to the Crossref web site http://www.crossref.org
2.
Enter the DOI in the DOI Resolver Search Box
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Electronic Journal Articles
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Journal article with DOI
Bore, A., & Wright, N. (2009). The wicked and complex in education: Developing a
transdisciplinary perspective for policy formulation, implementation and
professional practice. Journal of Education for Teaching, 35, 241-256.
doi:10.1080/02607470903091286
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Journal article without DOI
Dresser, R. (2007). The effects of teacher inquiry in the bilingual language arts
classroom. Teacher Education Quarterly, 34(3), 53-66. Retrieved from
http://www.teqjournal.org/
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Advance online publication with DOI
Guerra, S. (2009). Colonizing bodies: Corporate power and biotechnology in young
adult science fiction. Journal Children’s Literature in Education . Advance online
publication. doi:10.1007/s10583-009-9086-z
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http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2009/09/a-doi-and-url-flowchart.html
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What to Use - The Full Document URL or Home Page URL?
http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2009/09/what-to-usethe-full-document-urlor-home-page-url.html
Homepage URL:
• Subscription wall - If the document is available online only by subscription,
the document URL would not be accessible by nonsubscribers.
• Unstable document URL - If the publisher is one for which document
URLs are subject to change, the home page URL is more likely to be
helpful.
Full document URL:
• Publisher website that’s difficult to search
• Message posted to a blog or other online forum
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Newspaper Articles
Author. (Publication year first, followed by month and day). Title of Article.
Title of Newspaper, page no(s).
Newspaper article
Cheng, A. (2009, September 23). Education system fails those most in need.
South China Morning Post, p. EDT12.
Online newspaper article
• To avoid nonworking URLs, give the home page URL
Andrew, E. L. (2009, April 19). U.S. may convert banks’ bailouts to equity
share. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com
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Web pages
Author. (Year). Title of web page. Retrieved from URL
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Examples
Education Bureau. (2008). Qualifications framework. Retrieved from
http://www.hkqf.gov.hk/guie/home.asp
International Association of Universities. (2008). IAU: For a worldwide higher education
community. Retrieved from http://www.unesco.org/iau/association/index.html
Hong Kong Institute of Education. (n. d.). Vision & mission. Retrieved from
http://www.ied.edu.hk/web/hkied_vision_and_mission.html
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More Reference List Examples
See Library Online Tutorials on Citing Information
http://www.lib.ied.edu.hk/is/tutorial/Module_Citing_Info/1_1_content.htm
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Cannot find the information needed in the
APA Manual?
• Refer to the APA Blog for new update
• Some posting on citing references:
• How Do You Cite an E-Book (e.g., Kindle Book)?
• Can You Cite Personal Life Experience?
• How to Cite Wikipedia in APA Style
• How to Cite Something You Found on a Website in APA Style
• How to Cite Facebook: Fan Pages, Group Pages, and Profile
Information
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APA 6th edition is supported in major
Bibliographic Management Tools like
RefWorks and EndNote
RefWorks
Create Bibliography > Output Style
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RefWorks
Your personal reference
database @Internet
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About RefWorks
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Web-based Bibliographic Management Tool
Create your own reference databases
Import references from library catalogues & databases
Manage & organize your references in folders
Search your references
Adding your own keywords & comments
Can be integrated with MS-Word to create in-text
citations & reference list in preferred style
• Accessible by computers connected to Internet
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Create your RefWorks account
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Create/Access your RefWorks account
• Click the RefWorks link at library web site
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RefWorks Login
Useful Help for RefWorks
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Remote Access
1.
2.
3.
Go to http://www.refworks.com
Use the Group Code to login (HKIEd members only)
Login personal account for HKIEd users
Get the Group Code
Enter Group Code
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1. RefWorks User Login for HKIEd
2. Sign up / Login
2
1
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Sign up a new RefWorks account
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• Display screen of the RefWorks main page after you
have successfully created an account
• View the “Tutorial” for details about how to use
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Export the record to RefWorks
Export the record to
RefWorks directly
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Last Imported Folder
• The result imported will be placed in the
last imported folder.
• If you repeat importing records, this folder
will only contain the results of the very last
import.
• All previously imported records are stored
in the database, but not associated with a
folder.
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Try yourself
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Go to HKIEd Library Catalogue
 Search for Author = “Loreman, Tim”
 Save and export all found records
 Import the records to your RefWorks account
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Example: ERIC (EBSCOhost)
Export records
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You’ll be asked to login
RefWorks if not login yet
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Last Imported Folder
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Many databases support direct exporting references to
RefWorks, e.g. ProQuest
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Try yourself
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Go to ERIC (EBSCOhost) Database
– Library homepage > E-Resources
> By Alphabet: E > ERIC (via EBSCOhost)
 Search Title = inclusive education
 Mark 5 records found & export to RefWorks
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Creating a Bibliography
• Create bibliography from all references or
selected folder
• Bibliography created in preferred style, e.g.
APA
• References arranged and sorted automatically
• Output bibliography in HTML or Word
format
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2 Click Create Bibliography
1 Select Folder
3 Select Output Style
4 Select Output Format
(HTML/Word/Text)
5 Click to Create
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References sorted and
formatted in APA Style
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HKIEd Chinese citation style (for
reference only)
Refer to Citation System in Student
Handbook for more details
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Need Help?
• Check it out at the Library RefWorks webpage
• Consult Information Counter at the Library
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Need Help?
• Join the Library initiated workshops; you may also browse the
workshop materials from the Library webpage:
http://www.lib.ied.edu.hk/instruct/workshops/materials/index.html
http://www.lib.ied.edu.hk/instruct/workshops/
materials/Learning%20RefWorks_2013.ppt
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Thank You
Ask your Librarian @
 Information Counter
 Tel: 2948 6653
 Email: libinfo@ied.edu.hk
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