What is a functional group?
• A Functional Group is a group of atoms that
give a molecule certain characteristics.
These are kind of like giving warriors different weapons,
the type of weapon that they have will determine their fighting style.
How do we write them?
Written out in the
Molecular
Formula
or
Drawn in the
Structural
Formula
R-COOH
The ‘R’s indicate a spot where the Rest of the molecule
would go
Hydroxyl (Alcohol) Group
Molecular
Formula
Structural
Formula
R-OH
Ex-Found in Carbs, water, glycerol
Properties: Polar, Hydrophylic (dissolves in water
Carboxyl Group
Molecular
Formula
Structural
Formula
R-COOH
Ex-Found in Proteins and lipids
Properties: Polar, Hydrophylic, Weak Acid
Amine Group
Molecular
Formula
Structural
Formula
R-NH2
Ex: found in amino acids-Proteins,
Properties-Polar, Hydrophyilic, Weak Base
Methyl Group
Molecular
Formula
R-CH3
Structural
Formula
R
Ex-Found in Lipids
Properties: Nonpolar, Hydrophobic, does not dissolve in
water
Sulfhydride Group
Molecular
Formula
R-SH
Structural
Formula
R
Ex-Found in proteins
properties: Polar, Hydrophyilic
Phosphate Group
Molecular
Formula
Structural
Formula
R-PO4
Ex-Found in DNA, RNA, ATP-Nucleic Acids
properties: Polar, Hydrophyilic, Acid
What functional groups do you see?
Methyl Groups!
Hydroxyl Groups!
Phosphate Group!
What functional
groups do you see?
Amine
Groups!!
Phosphate
Groups!!
Methyl
Group!!
What functional groups do you see?
NH2CH2COOH
Amine
Groups!!
Carboxyl
Groups!!
Sulfhydryl
Group!!