Nervous System
• Anatomical Divisions
– CNS
• Brain
• Spinal Cord
• Anatomical Divisions
– CNS
• Brain
• Spinal Cord
– PNS
• Spinal Nerves & Plexi
• Anatomical Divisions
– CNS
• Brain
• Spinal Cord
– PNS
• Spinal Nerves & Plexi
• Cranial Nerves
• Peripheral Nerves
• Functional Divisions
– Afferent
– Efferent
• Somatic
• Autonomic
– Sympathetic
– Parasympathetic
• Principle Parts of the Brain
– Cerebrum (Telencephalon)
• Principle Parts of the Brain
– Cerebrum (Telencephalon)
– Diencephalon
• Principle Parts of the Brain
– Cerebrum (Telencephalon)
– Diencephalon
• Thalamus
• Hypothalamus
• Pineal Gland
• Principle Parts of the Brain
– Brain Stem
• Midbrain (Mesencephalon)
• Principle Parts of the Brain
– Brain Stem
• Midbrain (Mesencephalon)
• Pons (Metencephalon)
• Principle Parts of the Brain
– Brain Stem
• Midbrain (Mesencephalon)
• Pons (Metencephalon)
• Medulla Oblongata
(Myelencephalon)
• Principle Parts of the Brain
– Brain Stem
• Midbrain (Mesencephalon)
• Pons (Metencephalon)
• Medulla Oblongata
(Myelencephalon)
– Cerebellum
• Protection of the Brain
– Skull
• Protection of the Brain
– Skull
– Meninges
• Protection of the Brain
– Skull
– Meninges
– CSF
• Ventricles of the Brain
– Lateral Ventricles
• Ventricles of the Brain
– Lateral Ventricles
rd
– 3 Ventricle
• Ventricles of the Brain
– Lateral Ventricles
rd
– 3 Ventricle
• Ventricles of the Brain
– Lateral Ventricles
rd
– 3 Ventricle
th
– 4 Ventricle
• Ventricles of the Brain
– Lateral Ventricles
rd
– 3 Ventricle
th
– 4 Ventricle
• The cerebral aqueduct links
rd
th
the 3 and 4 ventricles
• CSF Circulation
• If the cerebral aqueduct were
blocked:
CSF would build up in the
lateral and 3rd ventricles
CSF would not be able to
reach the subarachnoid space
Both
Neither
• If the cerebral aqueduct were
blocked: Correct!
CSF would build up in the
lateral and 3rd ventricles
CSF would not be able to
reach the subarachnoid space
Both
Neither
• Normal
• Hydrocephalus
• Blood-Brain Barrier
– Only lipid soluble substances
can diffuse across capillary
endothelium
• Blood-Brain Barrier
– Water soluble substances
cross only by active or passive
transport
• selective
• directional
• Brain regions without a bloodbrain barrier
– portions of hypothalamus
– pineal gland
– choroid plexus
• Organization of Neural Tissue
– gray matter
• arranged as nuclei; often
around ventricles and
cerebral aqueduct
• Organization of Neural Tissue
– gray matter
•Arranged as nuclei, often
around ventricles and
cerebral aqueduct OR
•As thin outer layer of
cerebrum and cerebellum
(cortex)
• Organization of Neural Tissue
– White matter
• arranged as “tracts”
• Found everywhere gray
matter isn’t
Structure and Functions of
Selected Brain Regions
• Medulla oblongata
Structure and Functions of
Selected Brain Regions
• Medulla oblongata
• Pons
Structure and Functions of
Selected Brain Regions
• Medulla oblongata
• Pons
Structure and Functions of
Selected Brain Regions
• Medulla oblongata
• Pons
• Midbrain
1
Structure and Functions of
Selected Brain Regions
• Medulla oblongata
• Pons
• Midbrain
Structure and Functions of
Selected Brain Regions
• Medulla oblongata
• Pons
• Midbrain
• Diencephalon
• Thalamus book
Structure and Functions of
Selected Brain Regions
• Medulla oblongata
• Pons
• Midbrain
• Diencephalon
Structure and Functions of
Selected Brain Regions
• Medulla oblongata
• Pons
• Midbrain
• Diencephalon
• Cerebellum
Structure and Functions of
Selected Brain Regions
• Medulla oblongata
• Pons
• Midbrain
• Diencephalon
• Cerebellum
• Cerebrum
• Cerebrum
– sulci and gyri
• Cerebrum
– sulci and gyri
• Cerebrum
– sulci and gyri
– lobes
• Cerebrum
– sulci and gyri
– lobes
• Cerebrum
– sulci and gyri
– lobes
– cerebral gray matter
• Cerebrum
– sulci and gyri
– lobes
– cerebral gray matter
• Cerebrum
– sulci and gyri
– lobes
– cerebral gray matter
• cerebral cortex
• Cerebrum
– sulci and gyri
– lobes
– cerebral gray matter
• cerebral cortex
– motor and sensory cortex
• Cerebrum
– sulci and gyri
– lobes
– cerebral gray matter
• cerebral cortex
– motor and sensory cortex
– association cortex
– cerebral gray matter, continued
– cerebral gray matter, continued
• cerebral nuclei
– cerebral gray matter, continued
• cerebral nuclei
– corpus striatum
– cerebral gray matter, continued
• cerebral nuclei
– corpus striatum
– cerebral gray matter, continued
• cerebral nuclei
– corpus striatum
– amygdala
– cerebral gray matter, continued
• cerebral nuclei
– corpus striatum
– amygdala
– cerebral gray matter, continued
• cerebral nuclei
– corpus striatum
– amygdala
– hippocampus
– cerebral white matter
• association fibers
• commissural fibers
• projection fibers
– Limbic System
– Limbic System
– Functions:
– Limbic System
– Functions: memory,
– Limbic System
– Functions: memory, emotions,
– Limbic System
– Functions: memory, emotions,
and survival behaviors
– Limbic System
– Functions: memory, emotions,
and survival behaviors
– Examples of components
– Limbic System
– Functions: memory, emotions,
and survival behaviors
– Examples of components
– parts of thalamus and
hypothalamus
– Limbic System
– Functions: memory, emotions,
and survival behaviors
– Examples of components
– parts of thalamus and
hypothalamus
– hippocampus and fornix
• hippocampus, fornix, etc. movie
– Limbic System
– Functions: memory, emotions,
and survival behaviors
– Examples of components
– parts of thalamus and
hypothalamus
– hippocampus and fornix
– septal nuclei ***
• Limbic System
– Functions: memory, emotions,
and survival behaviors
– Examples of components
• parts of thalamus and
hypothalamus
• hippocampus and fornix
• septal nuclei
• reticular formation
• Lateralization of Cerebral
Function
Cranial Nerves
I - Olfactory
II - Optic
III – Oculomotor
IV – Trochlear
VI - Abducens
V - Trigeminal
VII - Facial
VIII - Vestibulocochlear
IX - Glossopharyngeal
X - Vagus
XI - Spinal Accessory
XII - Hypoglossal
Blood Supply to the Brain
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