Review UNIT 4: EVOLUTION Learning Target 1: I can analyze fossil records to explain evolutionary relationships. In 2006, scientists discovered fossilized skeletons of an animal with several interesting features. Fossil evidence indicated that the animal not only had scales, fins, and gills, but also had lungs, a full set of ribs, and limb bones arranged to support the animal’s weight. The illustration below shows what the animal, called Tiktaalik, probably looked like based on the fossil evidence. Which of the following statements best explains why the Tiktaalik fossils are an important piece of evidence for evolution? A. They include skeletons of both males and females. B. They are complete skeletons of a carnivorous animal. C. They allow scientists to estimate the animal's lifespan. D. They show a transitional form between fish and landdwelling vertebrates. Identify a transitional form from the image. A. Elomeryx B. Pakicetus C. Dorundon D. There are no transitional forms shown Identify a transitional form from the image. a. b. c. d. Pakicetus Aetiocetus Gray whale There are no transitional forms shown Relative dating is A. Relative Dating involves looking at corresponding rock layers and realizing that the layer above is older than the layer below B. Relative Dating involves looking at corresponding rock layers and realizing that the layer above is younger than the layer below C. Relative Dating uses radioactive isotopes to figure out the exact age of fossils and their corresponding rock layer D. Relative Dating uses corresponding rock layers to figure out the exact age of fossils and their corresponding rock layer. Radiometric dating is A. Radioactive dating involves looking at corresponding rock layers and realizing that the layer above is older than the layer below B. Radioactive dating involves looking at corresponding rock layers and realizing that the layer above is younger than the layer below C. Radioactive dating uses radioactive isotopes to figure out the exact age of fossils and their corresponding rock layer D. Radioactive dating uses corresponding rock layers to figure out the exact age of fossils and their corresponding rock layer. The diagram below represents a section of undisturbed layers of sedimentary rock and shows the location of fossils of several closely related species. According to currently accepted evolutionary theory, which is the most probable assumption about species A, B, and C? Species A Species B Species C Species D Speices E A. Species B is more abundant than species C. B. Species C existed before species B. C. Species A and B are genetically identical. D. Species B descended from species C. Which of the following fossils is the oldest? a. Gastropod b. Trilobite c. Crinoid d. Coral The answer you chose in the previous question is a correct because of a. the law of crosscutting and the law of inclusions b. the law of inclusions and the law of faunal succession c. the law of crosscutting and the law of superposition d. the law of faunal succession and the law of superposition Learning Target 2: I can explain the similarities among organisms based on evolutionary relationships. Whale fins and bat wings are anatomically similar. Which of the following does this suggest about the animals? A. Whales and bats move in the same way. B. Whales and bats have a common ancestry. C. Whales and bats have existed for the same amount of time. D. Whales and bats were once adapted to the same environment. Humans have wisdom teeth that are no longer necessary. This is an example of… A. Homologous structures B. Analogous structures C.Vestigial structures D. Embryological structures The wings of a butterfly and the wings of a bird are an example of… A. Homologous structures B. Analogous structures C. Vestigial structures D. Embryological similarities The similarities between a human’s neck and a giraffe’s neck are an exmaple of… A. Homologous structures B. Analogous structures C. Vestigial structures D. Embryological structures Which of the following provides the most conclusive evidence that organisms of two different species share a common ancestor? A. They live in the same ecosystem. B. They reproduce at the same time. C. They have similar DNA sequences. D. They have similar body movements. The bones that make up the forelimbs of monkeys, cats, whales, and birds are similar. Which of the following statements best supports the evolutionary relationship of these animals? A. The animals have different ancestries but have adapted to similar environments. B. The animals share a common ancestry but have adapted to different environments. C. The animals at one time lived in different environments but now share an environment. D. The animals use their forelimbs for identical activities but live in different environments. Scientists have concluded that snakes evolved from an ancestor with legs. Which of the following statements provides the best evidence for this conclusion? A. Most species of snakes live on land. B. Snakes move extremely fast to catch their prey. C. Snakes have a well-developed backbone and muscular system. D. Some species of snakes have limb buds during their embryonic development. Humans, cats, and whales all have a similar arrangement of bones in their limbs. Which of the following does this similarity most likely indicate about these animals? A. They move in the same way. B. They have a common ancestry. C. They evolved at the same time. D. They are comparable in size as adults. Learning Target 3: I can describe how genetic variations increase the probability of surviving and reproducing. . The diagram below shows many finch species that originated from a single ancestral finch species in the Galápagos Islands. Which of the following statements best explains why many different finch species originated from the single ancestral species? A. Populations adapted to environmental pressures. B. Recessive traits in populations were eliminated over time. C. Individuals acquired unique characteristics during their lifetimes. D. Random mutation caused some individuals to have harmful traits. In the deserts of the southwestern United States, rock formations made from lava flows are found scattered across the sand. The rock pocket mouse, which has dark fur, lives on the black lava rocks. The Apache pocket mouse, which has light fur, lives on the tan sand. Which of the following statements best explains how these two types of mice could have evolved from a common ancestor? A. Individual mice changed their fur color to escape their predators. B. Natural selection favored different fur colors in the different habitats. C. The emigration of mice changed the gene pools in the original population. D. The original population of mice spread out geographically to relieve overcrowding. Mutations can be considered as one of the driving forces of evolution because they A. contribute to new variations in organisms B. are usually related to the environment in which they appear C. are usually beneficial to the organism in which they appear D. usually cause species of organisms to become extinct A chameleon is an example of a. Chemical defenses b. Mimicry c. Camouflage d. Instinctive behavioral adaptation The cane toad’s venom is an example of a. Chemical defenses b. Mimicry c. Camouflage d. Instinctive behavioral adaptation The Scarlet King Snake looks very similar to the Eastern Coral Snake. This is an example of a. Chemical defenses b. Mimicry c. Camouflage d. Instinctive behavioral adaptation How is it possible for some species become extinct? Why don’t they all just evolve when the environment is changing? a. Mutations are random; sometimes a beneficial one doesn’t occur before the species becomes extinct b. Some species aren’t as smart as others and don’t mutate quickly. c. After a certain period of time all species time expires and it is their time to become extinct d. None of the above Learning Target 4: I can explain how embryological development supplies evidence for the theory of evolution.