To instill a sense of belief within students, we created a rubric together before we started making our space projects. This encouraged the students to establish clear and well defined learning goals and articulate evaluative criteria that enabled students to grade their work while having ownership to their learning. The students were more connected to their learning outcomes as well. Once the space projects were completed the students were given the opportunity to self-assess and evaluate their projects. This lead to them spending time reflecting on their own work. This also encouraged students to reflect on which learning strategies worked for them and in turn helped develop self-efficacy for future performance. This helped me as a teacher interpret how the students rated and evaluated their effort and work and together helped us set goals for the future. I think this process helped the students develop a sense of belief in themselves as individuals and as learners. As you read, what are- your gut reactions to the various topics the big ideas presented the implications for these big ideas in your work any nagging questions about the topics And the time came when the risk to remain tight in the bud was more painful than the risk it took to blossom." Anais Nin. Prior to reading the Midgely, Arunkumar & Uradn article or knowing what “self-handicapping” was, I had observed these behaviors in one of my fourth grade students as a major hindrance to her success. She had very low self-esteem. She did not get started with work, ask questions or present herself as a ready learner, out of an intense fear of failure. If she didn’t try; she couldn’t fail. While seconding my own assumptions, the article helps me to analyze that her reason for doing so was because she could maintain self-protection, or the validity in her mind that she is capable and able but she had extraneous reasons to blame, rather than her own ability or disability. The following quote defines her to a T: “Low self-esteem individuals used handicapping strategies in order to protect their image when they perceived there was a likelihood of poor performance.” While my original concerns were her academic shortcomings, I realized that my priority in working with her was changing her “behaviors as a learner,” as her attitude influenced her performance in a negative cyclical way. I realize now that I (and the RTI process enacted) was directed at undoing her “selfhandicapping” prior to even addressing her academic needs. At the end of the article, the authors write, “If some forms of disengagement are actually purposeful and driven by the need to appear able and worthy to others, then it will be very important to try to understand the conditions that ameliorate or exacerbate the use of handicapping strategies.” In the case of the student I mentioned above, her self-handicapping and self deprecation was clear and observable. My interest then (and now) lied in how to ameliorate these handicapping strategies. The strategy that I employed was to have her self-monitor her “learning behaviors” on a star chart. We would have a conference at the end of each school day and she would reflect on her performance in terms of attitude, effort and engagement. Ultimately, I knew she did want to succeed. It took her active role in developing the “learning behavior” criteria to buy into it and that she understood that her role would positively impact her performance. I think her self-handicapping was an unconscious method of self preservation and she had not analyzed the effects of her behaviors, or the possible effects of undoing the behaviors. The Alderman text suggests that indeed, my role as her teacher was to assist her to become a self-regulated learner. The girl I speak of was identified at the end of the RTI process as needing special education services. It is no wonder that she has used coping strategies if it has taken until the end of 4th grade to get her the special education services she needs. As I read Chapter 1 of the Alderman text, I identified with the statement, “Many of these students, such as students with learning disabilities, have a long history of failure. A major motivational problem for these students is their belief that they cannot learn, and this is compounded by a lack of effective learning strategies.” As her teacher, I tried my hardest to address her low self-confidence and lack of motivation. But I am left questioning if she has taken on effective learning strategies. The video was compelling because it demonstrates the role of technology in student’s developing effective learning strategies. I wonder how her motivation may have been different with more technological options in the classroom and if she would have had more opportunities to experience success. I am especially curious of the positive benefits to special education students in a general ed classroom because next year I will be teaching the cluster of special education 4th graders. For example, the use of recorded books or playing a computer game to support an academic skill may have better met her modality of learning. Technology in the classroom supports the ubiquitous technological environment that children are accustomed to in their homes and daily lives. It allows for students to be actively engaged in their learning in cross-curricular ways because it provides interesting, modern and relevant support through the myriad resources available to support instruction. Putting this power to learn in students hands could increase their buy-in and desire to learn, when they are able to see an immediate application of their learning as well as see a connection to real-world experts in the field. It also allows diversification of assessment methods, as students will be able to demonstrate understandings in multiple ways. This would allow special ed students, and all students, to experience success in alternative modes. Perhaps this is just the adjustment to my instructional strategy that would support student’s development of effective learning strategies and foster optimum motivation. After watching the video on education in the 21st Century, it forces us to rethink education and what we are doing in the classroom to motivate our students. The video focuses on new technology and how children can be interactive and learn by doing, instead of the traditional skill and drill. The article about self handicapping explained how students are self handicapping their academic performance, and the study research self handicapping strategies and ego oriented goals. Every child and young adult wants to fit in and students self handicap when they know they lack academic ability. They don't want to fail, but in the school system today and rigorous testing of students and state standards stress ability and when the students know they lack ability is when they begin to think negatively about their own education. At the end of article it stresses, "If some forms of disengagement are actually purposeful and driven by the need to appear able and worthy to others, then it will be very important to try to understand the conditions that ameliorate or exacerbate the use of handicapping strategies. This knowledge could have important implications for school reform " (pg. 432). This is an important factor when analyzing students motivation or lack of, but we as educators can learn from there motivation. All students learn differently and have multiple intelligences (i.e. musical, logic, auditory, visual)and the 21st century students are asking for a change. We are labeling children "at risk" and "failing", but we are only grading them based on standards of skill and drill. Stated in Motivation for Achievement,"school reform in most states has focused on raising standards through mandatory high stakes tests." This skill and drill approach with high stakes might not motivate all students and the students it doesn't those are the ones who are failing. If we make more socially connected and interactive curriculum instead of just a pencil and paper approach we are opening up a pathway for children to be motivated using tools that this generation of technology is giving us. Teachers can learn new ways to introduce reading, writing, math, and science. But for us to teach the children how to use technology as an educational tool we need to educate ourselves. After watching the video on Teachers can learn new ways to introduce reading, writing, math, and science. But for us to teach the children how to use technology as an educational tool we need to educate ourselves. 21st Century: Watch the following video on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_A-ZVCjfWf8 and then respond to the following question: What is compelling about this video and, in light of the readings for this week, what should we learn from it? ENGAGE ME The video was persuasive as it demonstrates the role of technology in student’s developing effective learning strategies. I wonder how her motivation may have been different with more technological options in the classroom and if she would have had more opportunities to experience success. I am especially curious of the positive benefits to special education students in a general ed classroom because next year I will be teaching the cluster of special education 4th graders. For example, the use of recorded books or playing a computer game to support an academic skill may have better met her modality of learning. Technology in the classroom supports the ubiquitous technological environment that children are accustomed to in their homes and daily lives. It allows for students to be actively engaged in their learning in cross-curricular ways because it provides interesting, modern and relevant support through the myriad resources available to support instruction. Putting this power to learn in students hands could increase their buy-in and desire to learn, when they are able to see an immediate application of their learning as well as see a connection to real-world experts in the field. It also allows diversification of assessment methods, as students will be able to demonstrate understandings in multiple ways. This would allow special ed students, and all students, to experience success in alternative modes. Perhaps this is just the adjustment to my instructional strategy that would support student’s development of effective learning strategies and foster optimum motivation. Motivation Concepts of Ability and Motivation 1. Because everyone has already done plenty of reading about the concepts of ability and motivation, our group decided to connect the main ideas of our discussion topic to a video titled, Will Smith View of Success - Pursuit of Happiness Clip Wisdom, which can be accessed here: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QT9u89IpFVw. 2. We have created a short outline to accompany the video, so you can reference the key points, along with a few ideas to think about how it relates to our readings. 3. We included a fun article called Student Self-Assessment: The Key to Stronger Student Motivation and Higher Achievement which discusses why students who experience success with moderately difficult and challenging tasks will attribute their success to ability and effort rather than to external attributions such as luck or help from other students. It also relates to this weeks topic of self-systems. 4. At the end there is a list of questions to consider, which relate the Will Smith video to the major concepts in the assigned reading for this week. Will Smith View of Success - Pursuit of Happiness Clip Wisdom Notes: Shares His Wisdom on Life • Love living- it’s infectious and something that you can’t fake. • Greatness exists in all of us. • Know who you are, what you believe in, and that’s all you need to know. Yes I Can • Where we are doesn’t matter, we have the ability to become something better. • There’s No Short Cut to Success • The separation between skill and talent is one of the biggest misconceptions in the human race. Skill takes practice and work ethic. • Talent is natural but will fail you if you’re not skilled. • Don’t ever let someone tell you that you can’t do something that you believe in. Lay One Brick at a Time • At 3:10 into the video, Will tells a story about building a brick wall. He says that instead of setting out to build a wall you should start with one brick at a time. How could you use this idea to help students attack challenging problems? Focus on Making a Difference • If you’re going to be here, there is a necessity to make a difference. • Make every group that you come in contact with better. • To make your life better, you must make other’s lives better. • What are some ways that you can increase the self-efficacy in your student’s or other people’s lives, so that you can help make them have a better outlook on their struggles (p. 74, in Alderman talks about development of self-efficacy)? • Do you agree with Will’s statement that your life will become better by making other’s better? Represent an Idea • You can create whatever you want. • Possibilities are out there and you can really use them to your advantage. You Have to Believe • The first step, before anyone else in the world believes in your pursuit, you must believe in it. • Relating to self-efficacy, what are your reactions to the quote: “He who says he can and he who says he can’t are both usually right” ~Confucius · e.g – do you think that self-efficacy is more powerful than actual ability? • The Aldermen text states: “When students believe they can succeed in a task or subject, they’re more likely to undertake it and their value for it increases” (p. 67). Can you relate this to a situation in your life or that you saw in your classroom/workplace? Nothing is Unrealistic • Being unrealistic stretches the imagination and uncovers possibilities. Our Thoughts are Physical • Our thoughts, our feelings, our dreams, our ideas are all physical in our universe. • When we commit ourselves to something the universe will bend around what we want. • Making a choice has power. • Don’t leave yourself in the hands of fate. You Really Gotta Focus • It is hard to work on multiple things at once. • Your focus should be on your dream. Attack Your Fears • Don’t be scared to do something. Be Willing to Die for the Truth • You can’t be scared to die for the truth. • The truth is the only thing that is ever going to be constant. Protect Your Dreams • Don’t ever let someone tell you that you can’t do something. • You have to dream. • You have to protect it when people say you can’t do something. • If you want something, get it. PEROID! • If someone has a dream, but they have already failed at accomplishing their goal of attaining this dream multiple times, what sources of self-efficacy judgments might hinder their motivation to keep trying (Alderman, p. 71-74)? Questions to Consider: 1) Talent vs. Skill—How does Will define the terms in relation to ability vs. effort? Which one does he think is more important? 2) Think about the definition of self efficacy?-- In what ways does he explain the capability to accomplish a specific task? In Will’s talk on self- efficacy he talks about his experience building a brick wall. He says that every task one does each and every day one should strive to give in his best and make sure that every day he makes every effort to work as perfectly as one can. This belief i one’s capabilities motivates people to learn quickly and in turn prepares them for success. As a teacher I understand how very important it is for students to come to the classroom everyday knowing their abilities and trying their best every single day. In my readings from Motivation for Achievement, Alderman list a few strategies that we could employ to develop, encourage and strengthen self-efficacy is to establish attainable goals and feedback from time to time, rewards and self-instruction for verbalization of strategies, participant modeling. 3) He brings up choice rather than affect? --In light of the readings what is the affect (Failure avoidance strategies) In Will’s talk about choice rather than affect, Will talks about making a choice and just deciding what you want to be, who you want to be and how you want to achieve a goal. He says once your mind is set and you make that decision for yourself the universe will act in accordance with you. In the light of the readings of failure avoidance strategies are used by students to protect themselves from the perception of others. But once these children are empowered to make a choice to give in their best no matter what and to achieve their goals there is no telling what they may be surprised they would accomplish! But the struggle and frustration that teacher’s face is to motivate these students to try hard and develop their self-esteem so as to overcome their failure –avoidance strategies! 4) "All successful people believe something different can happen"? --Explain self worth and goals (learning and performance) The way that a person distinguishes himself and his abilities can have a major influence on his enthusiasm to take positive action, make healthy choices, reach goals and believe something different can happen! One of the biggest faltering blocks to accomplishment is a lack of self-worth. Once a person has learned to accept himself, not only would he be able to set goals but also achieve them which will in turn increase his self-worth. People with high self-worth have reliability, accountability, are proud of what they have accomplished, are able to handle criticism, and are not afraid to take risks. Taking risk is a quality that teacher’s can help instill in students in the classroom, where students are not afraid to take risk and learn from their mistakes, this will in turn prove to be a valuable learning tool that will motivate students to higher performance. 5) What does Will state that is related to teaching students in a classroom?--The contextual influence Alderman pg.90, 95. I think Will’s message is for teachers, parents and care providers to instill into children the fact that they can achieve whatever they set their minds and hearts to doing. He mentions that no child should be told that you can’t do or achieve something. We should encourage children to dream above and beyond and have them believe in themselves, in their dream and protect it. In relation with the readings from Alderman, she mentions that it is important for teachers to be aware of the beliefs and behaviors of students that suggest clues to a performance or a learning goal. Thus it is important for a teacher to know her classroom well so as to make sure that the goals she sets would help foster learning and student’s motivation. 6) What do you think of the article? I loved the article and totally agree with empowering students to take ownership of their own learning by having them set their own goals. Clear and well defined learning targets coupled with choices from a well established pre-determined learning activity would be ideal for the different types of learners in the classroom. However even though this seems like the most ideal situation, the fact and reality is that all of this would require a lot more time and preparation on the part of the teacher. The best feature of this article was the reflection piece as I feel that reflection is the most important tool of learning and understanding. In my classroom I had the children reflect and score themselves based on a rubric. This helped them think and develop a deeper understanding. Based on their scores they made future goals for themselves which I thought was a really was a really insightful process. Children cannot be fooled by empty praise and condescending encouragement. They may have to accept artificial bolstering of their selfesteem in lieu of something better, but what I call their accruing ego identity gains real strength only from wholehearted and consistent recognition of real accomplishment, that is, achievement that has meaning in their culture." (Erik Erikson) I feel pretty strongly about providing students with the opportunities to assess themselves. I found the article powerful in that it states that by students setting their own goals, it improves understanding and allows them to develop more strategies for learning. (p. 48) The notions of self-evaluation and multiple strategies for learning are two of the key concepts that arose in Dr. Meek's class when we were discussing novices versus experts. Experts (in any field) are able to see the multiple pathways that will cause you to arrive at the same big picture goal. This is what self-evaluation forces students to think about. Instead of looking at if they came up with the right answer, they are developing the higher level meta-cognitive thinking that is apparent in expert thinking. These are the skills we should be giving our students. I just don't know how that fits into our fast-paced, data-driven culture. I the testing could be altered so that students are asked to explain the reasoning behind their answers and applauded for their thought process that takes place. Thanks for pointing me to that article and for facilitating this week, the connection between this article and the experts and novices work we discussed as well. I wanted to comment on your statement that we should be giving these skills to students, but you are not sure how it fits into our fast-paced environment. That is really an important idea that is given attention to in the learning and transfer chapter of How People Learn. In it, they discuss how important it is to give students time to learn new subject matter. In our education system, we seem to jump from one topic to the next, without ever giving students time to think over, process, and apply the knowledge to something that might help them truly grasp the concepts. Although the authors give an extreme example of chess players needing 50,000 to 100,000 hours to reach expertise, we only give students a few moments...maybe a an hour or so at the most, to practice a skill that we expect them to demonstrate an understanding. It's very difficult for teachers to balance a need for students to understand the knowledge with getting through a standardized curriculum in one school year. Enjoy your night! People really want to do well and receive rewards and recognition for the work that they do. We've each created an image of the person we wish to be (or sometimes don't want to be), but someone who believes in himself can conquer the world. It's not who you are that holds you back, it's who you think you're not. But how much do we need to experience in order to recognize success or defeat? I often blame the universe for my short comings, but then I'm not taking responsibility for my actions and laying my own bricks. It's so easy to feel good about something I've accomplished, but if I receive a negative comment or critique, I feel like I got knocked down. You're right that if we start early enough and encourage students to lay strong foundations in believing in themselves and recognizing that the choices they make will influence that paths that they take, then they'll be able to overcome the hurdles along way. I’m glad you really liked the article. I wanted to find one that related to self-efficacy and self-evaluation in order to continue talking about student self-assessment. It's something I've been trying to develop for two years now and I hope I can establish a starting point this year. Hello everyone First off, I loved this video! Someone like Will Smith radiates charisma, self-confidence and light. I once had a friend embroider me a patch of a lighthouse, saying I was a beam of light, which I considered a pretty awesome compliment. Will is like that, without all the fluff and theory (I am getting so weary of theory) he simply states the truth as he sees it, eloquently and directly. I am writing a cover letter today and this clip got me psyched to do it. It made me feel empowered and ready to pounce on my desires! This concept of manifestation is a powerful one, I have not read The Secret, but I gather that the main premise aligns with what Will was saying. My best friend is a guru at this, she honestly believes that the universe will provide and take care of her, and it does. Is it that easy? You have to believe for it to work, it is almost religious in that way, Will quotes his grandmother saying that he have a "spiritual responsibility" to better the world, what a concept?! My main struggle with this is (as Will states) first off, before anything, you have to have a concrete goal in mind, and that part is never easy for me. 1) Talent vs. Skill—How does Will define the terms in relation to ability vs. effort? Which one does he think is more important? He makes a very poignant statement when he says "Everyone has talent, but not everyone has skill" and that "skill is developed by beating your craft" sounds violent, his passion, and that is the point. He is vehement in his beliefs, and that is what makes them so magical. I love that in the younger grades kids if you ask a room of K,1st, or 2nd graders how many of them are artists, scientists,mathematicians, etc...the whole room is peppered with enthusiastic hands. As they age, this diminishes, and that is our job to counter. Kids naturally start by believing that they are capable of anything, and it is beautiful way of thinking. My class set me straight this year when they said I was an artist, although I have never taken an art class, it is something I love and who was I to try and deny that power? I embraced the label, and started doing more art. It really is all about focus and the time spent honing whatever it is you deem sacred and important. The Outliers says that anyone who is a true master in their field has worked 10,000 hours at it, and goes on to cite many famous achievers. My main problem is narrowing down the scope of desires to be that focused. 2) Think about the definition of self efficacy?-- In what ways does he explain the capability to accomplish a specific task? Will wants us to believe in the power of our thoughts as being physical, as if the universe is water and will move to accommodate our desires (what a lovely image that creates in my mind), and advocates for laying one brick at a time, but in doing so to spend a lot of effort and focus on that one tiny step to make sure it is laid in the best more perfect way possible, then the wall will follow. He has very high expectations, but at the same time details how much work ( even using adjectives like obsessive and willing to die for) this process entails. I also like the idea about there is no reason for plan B, it only detracts from plan A. This sort of tunnel vision is not easy to acquire, but when you do, it's potency is undeniable. 3) He brings up choice rather than affect? --In light of the readings what is the affect (Failure avoidance strategies) Will says he is motivated by fear of fear, which I love, it is very knight in armour facing a dragon. He also says that as soon as you limit yourself to being realistic, you are committing yourself to a life of mediocrity. He discusses the power of making a choice, and the ways that is made spatial and bends, commands, and then demands the universe to comply. He calls is redemptive power, the making of a choice. While this is guru like thinking, I think students can get it if they start early enough, and have tasks with attainable goals. It also depends on how you define failure, and how you access that in terms of language and communication with kids. 4) "All successful people believe something different can happen"? --Explain self worth and goals (learning and performance) Without goals were are stagnant, rocks in the stream, succumbing to inertia, just waiting for the elements and time to take their toll on us. When people have goals that they can taste and feel in a visceral and relevant sense then they become empowered to raise the proverbial hurdle and the scope and range of their goals become larger, brighter. I think that self-worth is directly related to the attainment of goals, be they small or large, and that is why people who are given everything end up depressed and empty searching for purpose and shopping their lives away. If you never have to work for anything, nothing has value. I like to think of it as like sweat equity. I have done a lot of serious work and remodeling on my home and I will be damned if I don't turn a profit and see the gains of my labor. In terms of something "different" happening I think that is key, as to be successful you have to be able to be somewhat of a visionary, to be able to see the forest not just the trees, which is not always easy. Learning is directly related to performance as when kids are truly learning they will perform at higher levels. 5) What does Will state that is related to teaching students in a classroom?--The contextual influence Alderman pg.90, 95. (I have this on my kindle and it doesn't have traditional page numbers....so forgive me if I am off on this one) I think mainly that thoughts have power, have physical thrust, and that you must protect your dreams. It seems to be to be a question of attitude, and also of the importance of modeling in the classroom, modeling hard work and optimism, and being passionate about the idea that we can all succeed if we really, truly, want it and are ready to work towards that goal. 6) What do you think of the article? I loved it! It argued the points I attempted to in last week's thread so wonderfully and so much better than I could have. I really do believe in the power of selfmonitoring, self-reflection, and the metacognitive benefits of making the child instrumental in their own learning, as a part of each process and product, to encourage ownership of effort and particulars is to encourage such growth, and lay the foundation for a future whose only limitations are the ceilings of each individuals imagination. First of all, AWESOME Job Joseph or would you rather be called Joe? Anyways great outline and awesome video it actually really touched me and made me think about my own life and "pursuit of happiness!" Laying one Brick at a Time: By using one brick at a time you can use this concept to tell students that its ok to start small. For instance in language arts, you can't just write a story right from the start. Students must lay their first brick which would be a story map and then from there they are able to build their story/wall. Focusing on making a difference: What students think they can do is a good indication of successful achievement. THe more students learn and develop the stronger their self efficacy will be. I believe that a huge way to strengthen self efficacy is by encouraging students and providing feedback. We need to emphasize the rationale of why some strategies students use are successful and why some fail. If students receive feedback that is meaningful and detailed they will be more motivated to perform well. Furthermore, I believe it is important to provide students with challenging and attainable tasks. Successful experience is the most important source of fostering self efficacy. Treat others the way you want to be treated is a huge principle I believe in. I agree with Will Smith that making others life better will give you self fulfillment.. "Pay it Forward." You Have to Believe: I think that believing in yourself in turn motivates you and creates an increase in self-efficacy which goes hand in hand with actual ability. Ability happens when you believe in yourself. When one is able to believe in themselves they are more likely to take on a new task. I had a student who struggled with fractions but once she was introduced to manipulatives to help her understand the concept of fractions she was more motivated and believed in herself regarding other math problems. Her self efficacy increased with her ability to succeed and understand fractions. I believe that I can run a marathon because I am a runner and have ran half marathons, my ability to train and actually run have increased my motivation to actually run a marathon. Greatness: Will Smith states that greatness is in everyone and that you have to believe in it. The first step is that you have to believe in it and believe you are able to create. I think this is so true! Believing in yourself and having a positive attitude and overall positive energy surround you is critical to self efficacy and success. Everyday we wake up and make a choice to start the day with a positive or negative attitude. To believe we will succeed in our day and whatever lies ahead we must wake up with that positive attitude and create greatness. Self efficacy is our judgement of confidence . As teachers we will know right away which students lack confidence and need our help to build it which will in turn build their own self efficacy. I think it is important as teachers to know our students and the knowledge that they have that way we can make them more confident in learning. Maybe give an interest survey at the beginning of the school year to what success and failures that the student has already experienced? When we know our students then we can tailor our instruction based on their knowledge and build their self efficacy. From the time a child enters school to the time they graduate, we need to enhance their confidence in believing in themselves and continuing when times get tough. And if we can develop resiliency to challenging tasks, then all our students will be able to attain their goals. Quoting Van Gogh, "if you hear a voice within you say "you cannot paint," then by all means paint, and that voice will be silenced." One way to do this is to develop their competency in academic and social skills. Additionally, when we show it, tell it, make them feel it, they'll run marathons like you. :) You inspire students in a far greater way than just believing in yourself by practicing what you preach. You set goals to be in superb physical shape, work out almost daily, eat healthy food, and push yourself to give just a little more. There are many ways to help students feel successful in school and instilling a belief in self is probably the most powerful.