What is IEEE 802.11 doing?
A short summary of the current IEEE 802.11 activities and
description of IEEE processes
Presented by <your-name>, <occasion> <date>
This version last updated 2015-09-03, APS/JWR
Before We Share our Opinions……
“At lectures, symposia, seminars, or educational
courses, an individual presenting information on
IEEE standards shall make it clear that his or her
views should be considered the personal views of
that individual rather than the formal position,
explanation, or interpretation of the IEEE.”
IEEE-SA Standards Board Operation Manual
(subclause 5.9.3)
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The IEEE Standards
Association process
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IEEE-SA Individual and Corporate
Standards Development
Open, consensus process
Individual standards development
– Each individual has one vote
Corporate standards development
– One company/one vote
Results frequently adopted by national, regional, and
international standards bodies
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IEEE Standards Development:
Process Flow
Decide / Choose Technology
Write / update a Draft
Ballot Draft
Resolve Comments
Idea!
Done
?
Maximum of 4 years
Project
Approval
Process
Develop Draft
Standard
(in Working Group)
Sponsor
Ballot
Revise or Withdraw Standards
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IEEE-SA
Standards Board
Approval Process
Publish
Standard
Maximum of 10 years
IEEE Standards Development:
Project Authorization
A project may be started by any individual
or company
Each project must be supported by a technical
group in the IEEE
– Referred to as a “Sponsor”
– Official developer of standard
Projects approved through document called
Project Authorization Request (PAR)
–Summarizes details of project
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IEEE Standards Development:
Develop Draft Standard
Standard is written by working group
–Working group consists of developers
interested in creating the standard
Working group chooses way to create first draft
document
– Group writes initial draft
– Draft developed from existing
documents and specifications
Draft document refined in working group
through multiple iterations and review
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IEEE Standards Development:
Consensus process
Consensus is determined through a ballot
Interested persons or organizations are invited
to ballot on draft standards
Ballot group receives document, reviews it,
and votes/comments on it
–Vote yes (approve), no (disapprove), abstain
–Can offer comments on document as well
Ultimate approval of standard is granted by
IEEE-SA Standards Board
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IEEE Standards Development:
Publication & Maintenance
Standard published after approval
Standard is valid for 10 years after approval
– After 10 years, must be revised or withdrawn
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Introduction to IEEE 802.11
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IEEE 802.11 Introduction
IEEE 802.11 is a working group, responsible for generating Wireless LAN
standards
802.11 operates under
– The “Sponsor”: IEEE LMSC “LAN / MAN Standards Committee” – aka
“802”
– IEEE Computer Society
– IEEE-SA Standards Board
Work in 802.11 is divided into various activities
– Task groups – one per approved standard or amendment to be
developed
– Study groups – the precursor to a task group that determines initial
requirements and seeks approval
– Various standing committee's responsible for ongoing work, such a
publicity and regulatory
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IEEE 802.11 Scope
Wireless local area networks
Typical range up to 100m
Generally use unlicensed spectrum
– Exception for 802.11y: “lightly licensed”
– Exception for TV whitespace
Deployments: Broadband network access, public venue access,
sensor networks, mesh networks, automotive.
Present in these devices: laptops, phones, tablets, network
infrastructure, home appliances, consumer electronics, healthcare
devices
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IEEE 802.11 Revisions
MAC
11d
Intl roaming
IEEE
Std
802.11
-1997
11e
QoS
11k
RRM
11s
Mesh
11h
DFS & TPC
11u
WIEN
11v
Network
Management
11i
Security
11f
Inter AP
11z
TDLS
11r
Fast Roam
11aa
Video Transport
11ae
QoS Mgt Frames
11w
Management
Frame
Security
802.11
-2016 (TBC)
802.11
-2003
802.11
-2007
802.11
-2012
11a
54 Mbps
5GHz
11j
JP bands
11n
High
Throughput
(>100 Mbps)
11af
TV Whitespace
11ac -VHT
>1 Gbps @ 5GHz
11b
11 Mbps
2.4GHz
MAC
&
PHY
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11g
54 Mbps
2.4GHz
11p
WAVE
11y
Contention
Based
Protocol
11ad - VHT
>1 Gbps @ 60GHz
IEEE 802.11 Standards Pipeline
MAC
802.11AK
GLK
802.11
-2016
802.11aa
Video Transport
802.11AQ
PAD
802.11ai
FILS
802.11az
WNG
802.11ax
HEW
Long Range
Low Power
LRLP
MAC & PHY
Discussion
Topics
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802.11ae
QoS Mgt Frames
802.11af
TVWS
802.11 ah
< 1Ghz
802.11
-2012
802.11ac
VHT 5GHz
802.11aj
CMMW
802.11ad
VHT 60 GHz
802.11ay
NG60
Study / Topic
interest
groups
TG without
Approved draft
WG
Letter Ballot
Sponsor
Ballot
Published
Amendment
Published
Standard
02 Sept 2015
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PHY Project Sequence
100 Gbps
10 year
yardstick
10 Gbps
1 Gbps
802.3
100 Mbps
10 Mbps
802.11
1 Mbps
100 Kbps
80
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85
90
95
00
05
10
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802.11 Architecture Overview
Multiple Over the Air PHY options
One common MAC based on CSMA/CA
a
b
g
n
ac
802.11 MAC
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02 Sept 2015
ad
af
ah
ax
Summary of Completed Major MAC Projects
D – Country information
V – Network Management
E - QoS
W – Secure Management Frames
F – Inter AP communication
Z – Tunneled Direct Link
H – DFS,TPC Spectrum sharing
with radars in 5GHz
AA – Video Transport
J – Japan spectrum @ 4.9 GHz
K – Radio Measurement
P – Vehicular Environments
R – Fast roaming
S – MESH Networking
U – Inter-Networking
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AC – Very High Throughput
(<6GHz)
AD – Very High Throughput
(60GHz)
AE – QoS for Management Frames
Current Projects
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TGah
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TGah - Purpose
The purpose of this amendment defines operation
of license-exempt IEEE 802.11 wireless networks
in frequency bands below 1 GHz excluding the TV
White Space bands.
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TGah - Scope
This amendment defines an Orthogonal Frequency Division
Multiplexing (OFDM) Physical layer (PHY) operating in the licenseexempt bands below 1 GHz, e.g.,
– 868-868.6 MHz (Europe), 950 MHz -958 MHz (Japan), 314-316 MHz, 430434 MHz, 470-510 MHz, and 779-787 MHz (China), 917 - 923.5 MHz
(Korea) and 902-928 MHz (USA),
– and enhancements to the IEEE 802.11 Medium Access Control (MAC) to support this
PHY, and provides mechanisms that enable coexistence with other systems in the
bands including IEEE 802.15.4 and IEEE P802.15.4g.
The data rates defined in this amendment optimize the rate vs range
performance of the specific channelization in a given band.
This amendment also adds support for:
– -transmission range up to 1 km
– -data rates > 100 kbit/s
– while maintaining the IEEE 802.11 WLAN user experience for fixed,
outdoor, point to multi point applications
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TGai
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02 Sept 2015
TGai Purpose
This amendment defines mechanisms that provide IEEE
802.11 networks with fast initial link set-up methods which
do not degrade the security currently offered by Robust
Security Network Association (RSNA) already defined in IEEE
802.11.
The project’s primary need comes from an environment
where mobile users are constantly entering and leaving the
coverage area of an existing extended service set (ESS).
(a) scale with a high number of users simultaneously entering an ESS
(b) minimize the time spent within the initial link set-up phase
(c) securely provide initial authentication.
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02 Sept 2015
TGai Progress
Started in May 2010
Completed Working Group Letter Ballot Process
Sponsor Letter Ballot for Draft 6.0 – closes 13-Sep-2015
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TGai Technical Highlights
11i
STA
AP
AS
DHCP
STA
11ai
AP
AS
DHCP
Beacon/Probe Resp
Authentication
Auth Req/Resp
Association
Association & IP addr
EAP
(PEAP/MSCHAPv2)
EAPOL Key
DHCP
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02 Sept 2015
Improved Scanning,
FILS Authentication and
higher layer setup established
TGaj
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02 Sept 2015
TGaj Purpose
This amendment defines modifications to the IEEE P802.11ad
Physical (PHY) layer and the Medium Access Control (MAC)
layer to enable operation in the Chinese 59-64 GHz
frequency band.
The amendment maintains backward compatibility with
802.11ad when it operates in the 59-64 GHz frequency band.
The amendment also defines modifications to the PHY and
MAC layers to enable the operation in the Chinese 45 GHz
frequency band. The amendment maintains the 802.11 user
experience.
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02 Sept 2015
TGaj Progress
Started as a study group in January 2012
Working towards initial letter of Draft 1.0
60 GHz fairly stable
45 GHz portion of the draft nearly selected
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02 Sept 2015
Technical Highlights
11aj is currently considering the following aspects:
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•
Link Budget Analysis for 40-50 GHz Indoor Usage
•
Multi-Carrier Training Field for OFDM Transmission
in the 45GHz
•
Packet Encoding Solution for 45GHz
02 Sept 2015
TGak
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02 Sept 2015
Purpose
This amendment enables an 802.11
connection to be used as a through link in a
general network, not just as a connection to
an end station at the edge of a network.
• Fully general mixed 802.11
and wired plug and play in the
home.
• Data Center top-of-rack to topof-rack connections for
overflow traffic.
• Industrial and Enterprise
network use.
Slid
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02 Sept 2015
Progress
General Link study group started in
September 2012
Proprietary implementations of General
Link well established
D1.0 Initial letter ballot:
–
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437 comments to resolve
02 Sept 2015
TGaq
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02 Sept 2015
Purpose
This amendment enables delivery of preassociation Service Discovery information by IEEE
802.11 stations (STAs).
• Printer discovery in a hotel
• Pre-association protocol
designed to discover services
on a WLAN
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Progress
Started November 2012
Service Discovery concept appeared in Fall 2012
Device discovery well established
Letter Ballot 208 – D1.0
 702 comments
 Resolved 293 technical and 1 editorial comments
 43 technical remaining
Internal Review
– Use D1.3 during August - September
– Remove inconsistencies
– Address missing issues
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02 Sept 2015
Technical Highlights
Container MAC protocol to carry upper
layer service discovery protocols (e.g.
UPnP, Bonjour)
Network
Provisioning and configuration of
services in the access point
Service Query Messages
AP2
Local Access
Network
Service
Transaction Proxy
(TPX)
AP1
Pre-association Messages
–
Service Transaction Proxy is a logical
element connected to the access point
Universal identification of services
–
Using a hash name
–
Provide service attributes (e.g. 3D printer
capability or point of sale service)
Currently considering request/response
or broadcast concept
STA
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02 Sept 2015
TGax
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Purpose
Improve performance of WLAN
deployments in dense scenarios
–
Targeting at least 4x improvement
in the per-STA throughput
compared to 802.11n and
802.11ac.
–
Improved efficiency through
spatial reuse and enhanced power
save techniques.
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Dense scenarios are
characterized by large number of
access points and large number
of associated STAs deployed in
geographical limited region, e.g.
a stadium or an airport.
02 Sept 2015
Access to Internet, latest
airlines’ announcements,
and digital media such as
movies and sport events
Progress
The TG has started the development of the
Specification Framework document
–
A High level requirement document guiding the
development of the 802.11ax detailed specification
Letter Ballot is planned for 1H 2016
Task Group Documents – the latest revisions (as
of May 27st, 2015)
– 11-14-0165-01 PAR and 11-14-0169-01 CSD
– 11-14-0938-04 TGax Selection Procedure
– 11-14-0980-14 TGax Simulation Scenarios
– 11-14-0571-10 TGax Evaluation Methodology
– 11-14-0882-04 TGax Channel Models
– 11-14-1009-02 TGax Functional Requirements
– 11-15-0132-06 TGax Specification Framework (unapproved new version 11-15-0132-07
available)
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02 Sept 2015
Technical Highlights
Freq
PHY
Header
OFDMA
SubBand
20 MHz
STA#10
STA#35
STA#26
STA#54
SS 1,2
20 MHz
Support multi-user (MU)
transmissions both in the
frequency and in the spatial
domains
–
Extend IEEE 802.11ac DL MUMIMO to UL direction
–
Introduce OFDMA PHY layer and
the associated scheduling to
ensure per STA throughput.
–
MAC enhancements to support
newly introduced mechanisms
–
Compatible with legacy devices.
STA #3
SS 3,4,5
STA #8
Time
SS 6
STA #19
MU-MIMO
Space
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02 Sept 2015
TGay
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02 Sept 2015
Purpose
Expected to develop mode of operation capable of
supporting a maximum throughput of at least 20
gigabits per second (measured at the MAC data
service access point), while maintaining or
improving the power efficiency per station.
Project Authorization
Request (PAR)
11-14/1151r8
Critera for Standards
Development (CSD)
11-14/1152r8
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02 Sept 2015
Progress
New Task Group
– Initial Task Group Meeting May 2015
July Session 14 presentations made
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02 Sept 2015
Technical highlights
Current generation 60 GHz (802.11ad) achieves
7Gbps
Next Generation 60 GHz increases throughput,
range and reliability
Technical approaches are likely to include channel
bonding and MIMO
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02 Sept 2015
TGaz
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02 Sept 2015
Purpose
IEEE Std 802.11-2007 includes support for timing measurement.
When published, IEEE Std 802.11-2016/2017 will include “fine timing
measurement” that allows location to determined to ~3m using
802.11n/802.11ac.
The Next Generation Positioning study group will improve location accuracy
and scalability and will consider new usages such as directionality and
ranging
Project Authorization
Request (PAR)
11-15/30r8
Critera for Standards
Development (CSD)
11-15/262r4
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02 Sept 2015
Progress
New Task Group
– Initial Task Group Meeting Sept 2015
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02 Sept 2015
Standing Committees
(SC)
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02 Sept 2015
ARC SC
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Purpose
As a Standing Committee (SC), the
ARChitecture SC meets on an ongoing basis,
to discuss various topics of an 802.11
architectural nature. Some examples:
• Architectural clauses and
models in the standard, as
questions, or needs for
update or clarification arise.
• Relationships with outside
groups on 802.11
architectural topics, or topics
that don’t fit elsewhere, such
as IETF, 802 O&A, and
802.1.
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02 Sept 2015
Technical Highlights
Integration
Distribution System
Portal
Non-802.11
network
802.1X Port
Filtering (Optional)
802.1X Port
Filtering (Optional)
Data Link
Layer
MAC Sublayer
Physical
Layer
PHY
APs
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Evolution of the models, either to
consider amendments to the
Standard, or as clarification is needed
MAC Sublayer
PHY
Non-AP
STA
Models for STA architecture and
related concepts, and overall system
architecture, included in the Standard
in clauses 4 and 5, generally.
Non-AP
STA
Non-AP
STA
02 Sept 2015
Define how 802.11 technologies fit
into 802, 802.1 and IETF use cases.
Regulatory SC
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02 Sept 2015
Purpose
Wireless standards all depend on the availability
of RF spectrum for their deployment
Spectrum allocations and rules vary worldwide
The massive growth of wireless applications is
forcing regulators to make changes
The Regulatory SC provides IEEE 802.11 with
information about spectrum availability and
changes
Where needed, the group lobbies regulators for
changes to accommodate new standards
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02 Sept 2015
Study Groups
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Technical Interest Groups
(TIG)
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02 Sept 2015
Long Range Low Power (LRLP)
 TIG Charter:
 Specify LRLP requirements and use cases
 Establish technical feasibility of achieving the
requirements for range, power consumption, and
integration with 802.11 and coexistence with other 802
wireless protocols
 Generate the technical material needed to initiate
standardization
 The TIG will generate a report containing the results of
these tasks within four 802.11 sessions.
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02 Sept 2015