WEATHER AND CLIMATE OF
PAKISTAN
Introduction
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Pakistan extends along either side of
the historic Indus River, following its
course from the mountain valleys of
the Himalayas down to the Arabian
Sea.
It includes a wide variety of
landscapes, from arid deserts to lush,
green valleys to stark mountain
peaks.
Effect of Location on Climate of
Pakistan
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Pakistan lies in the temperate zone,
approximately between 24° and 37° north
latitude, and between 61° and 78° east
longitude.The climate is generally arid,
characterized by hot summers and cool or
cold winters, and wide variations
between extremes of temperature at
different locations.
For example, the coastal area along the
Arabian Sea is usually warm, whereas the
frozen snow-covered ridges of the
Karakoram Range and of other
mountains of the far north are cold .
(Cont…) Effect of Location on Climate Of
Pakistan
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Pakistan's climate varies according to
elevation. April through September
are the most pleasant months in the
mountains, although they bring
oppressive heat to the low-lying
plains of the Indus Valley, where
midday temperatures can exceed 40
degrees Celsius.
December through February are the
coolest months, as lowland
temperatures drop to between 10-25
degrees C (50-77 degrees F) and the
air in the mountains falls below
freezing.
Winter in northern areas
Spring in Pakistan
Seasons Of Pakistan
Pakistan has four seasons. The onset and duration of these
seasons vary somewhat according to location:
(i) Cold season (December to March).
(ii) Hot season (April to June).
Lake Saif ul Maluk in
Winter
(Cont…)Seasons Of Pakistan
(iii) Monsoon season (July to
September).
(iv) Post-Monsoon season/
Autumn (October and
November).
Monsoon in Islamabad
Autumn in Pakistan
Rain in Karachi
Temperature

Pakistan can be divided into
four broad temperature
regions:
1. Hot summer and mild
winter: 32o C or more in
summer and 10 to 21o C in
winter.
2. Warm summer and mild
winter: 21 - 32oC in summer
and 10 to 21oC in winter.
Map showing maximum
temperature regime
(Cont..) Temperature
3. Warm summer and cool
winter: 21 - 32oC in summer
and 0 - 10oC in winter.
4. Mild summer and cool/cold
winter: Summer temperature
between 10 and 21oC and
winter
temperature between 0 and
10oC.
Map showing minimum
temperature regime
Highest Temperature in
Pakistan
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The highest temperature ever recorded in Pakistan is 53.5 °C
(128.3 °F) which was recorded in Mohenjo Daro, Sindh on 26
May, 2010. It was not only the hottest temperature ever
recorded in Pakistan but also the hottest reliably measured
temperature ever recorded on the continent of Asia and the
fourth highest temperature ever recorded on Earth.
Heat records were broken in Multan in June 1993, when the
mercury was reported to have risen to 54° C.
Rainfall
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There are two sources of rainfall in Pakistan: the Monsoon and
the Western Depression. The former takes place from July to
September and the latter, December to March.
The upper parts of Pakistan sometimes get rain from the Western
Disturbance almost every month and from June till September
almost whole country is lashed by South West Monsoon rain.
Rainclouds at Shams Bari
Northern areas of Pakistan
(Cont..) Rainfall
Western Disturbances
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Western Disturbances mostly
occur during the winter months
and cause light to moderate
showers in southern parts of the
country while moderate to
heavy showers with heavy
snowfall in the northern parts of
the country, temperature also
decreases due to it.
These westerly waves are
robbed of most of the moisture
by the time they reach Pakistan.
(Cont…) Rainfall
Southwest Monsoon
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Southwest Monsoon occurs in
summer from the month of June till
September in almost whole
Pakistan excludingwestern
Balochistan.
Monsoon rains bring much awaited
relief from the scorching summer
heat.
These monsoon rains are quite
heavy by nature and can cause
significant flooding, even severe
flooding if they interact with
westerly waves in the upper parts
of the country
Rainfall in Islamabad
Floods
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In 2010, almost all of Pakistan was affected when massive
flooding caused by record breaking rains hit KhyberPakhtunkhwa and Punjab.
The number of individuals affected by the flooding exceeds
the combined total of individuals affected by the 2004
IndianOcean Tsunami and the 2005 Kashimr earthquake. At
least 2,000 people died in this flood and almost 20 million
people were affected by it
Flood of 2010
Heat Waves
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Heat waves occurs during May and June that causes stroke
problems in the country, especially in southern Punjab, central
Balochistan and interior Sindh.
Tropical Storms
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Tropical Storms usually form during the summer months from
late April till June and then from late September till November.
They affect the coastal localities of the country.
Dust storm
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Dust storm occur during summer months with peak in May and
June, They are locally known as Andhi. These dust storm are quite
violent. Dust storms during summer indicates arrival of monsoon
while dust storms in winter indicates the arrival of winter season.
Fog
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Fog do occur during the winter season and remains for
weeks; it usually occur in upper Sindh, central Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa and northern plains of Punjab.
Fog in Faisal Abad
Fog at Shangla Paa
Variation Of Climates in
Different Cities
Climate in the capital city
of Islamabad
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The climate in the capital city
of Islamabad varies from an
average daily low of 2° C in
January to an average daily
high of 40° C in June.
Half of the annual rainfall
occurs in July and August,
averaging about 255
millimeters in each of those
two months.
Hailstorms are common in the
spring.
Ever changing Weather in
Islamabad
(Cont..) Variation Of Climates
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Climate in Karachi
Pakistan's largest city, Karachi, which
is also the country's industrial center,
is more humid than Islamabad but
gets less rain. Only July and August
average more than twenty-five
millimeters of rain in the Karachi
area; the remaining months are
exceedingly dry.
The temperature is also more uniform
in Karachi than in Islamabad, ranging
from an average daily low of 13° C
during winter evenings to an average
daily high of 34° C on summer days.
Although the summer temperatures
do not get as high as those in Punjab,
the high humidity causes the residents
a great deal of discomfort.
Karachi Rain
City of Karachi