Jamestown
• First successful English colony
• Starving Time
• Indian Troubles
Pocahantas
• 1595-1617
• Born in Chesapeake Bay Virginia as an Indian
Princess
• Baptized an Angelican and given the name
Rebecca
• She was the first native American in Virginia to
convert to Christianity
• Married John Rolfe who was the first to grow and
export tobacco as a commercial cro
• Had a son
"He that will not work shall not eat."
This is a well known warning used by Captain
John Smith to motivate the discouraged and
disgruntled men who formed the English
colony at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607. Many
had expected to find gold or other easy
riches. Instead, they found that just surviving
would be an enormous challenge.
Virginia
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Charter
1607
London Company
Tobacco was the main crop
House of Burgesses
Bacons Rebellion
The majority of early settlers and immigrants
died of disease
Maryland
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Proprietary
1634
Founded by Lord Baltimore
Safe haven British persecuted for Catholics
Toleration Act
Named for Queen Henrietta Maria of England
Tobacco
North Carolina
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Proprietary
1653
Founded by Virginians
First attempt failed by Sir Walter Raliegh at
the settlement in Roanoke Island, N.C.
South Carolina
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Proprietary
1663
Royal Charter from Charles to eight nobles
Tremendous Slave population
Port of Charleston
Tobacco
Rice
Indigo
Until 1729 South Carolina and North Carolina
were a single province
Georgia
• A Proprietary Colony
• 1773
• James Oglethorp: arranged to have slavery
banned in Georgia
• Tobacco, Rice, Indigo
• Last of the 13 to be established
• Settled by Prison reformers
Slavery in the Colonies
• Why?
• Labor issues – tobacco cultivation
• Indentured servants - problematic (especially
after Bacon’s Rebellion and similar smaller
rebellions)
• Why not enslave Native Americans?
• Why African slaves? Why did the Atlantic
Slave Trade develop?
Slave Trade Timeline
•
1448 •Portuguese slave traders expand their business, sending approximately 700 to 1,000
slaves each year across the Sahara; by the end of the century they were arranging the sale of
perhaps 2,500 slaves each year.
•
1502 •Portuguese slavers expand their operations in West Africa.
•The first African slaves arrive in Spanish America, representing an expansion
of the slave trade across the Atlantic Ocean.
•
1606–1700 •The Dutch monopolize the slave trade.
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1619 •Africans arrive and are sold in Virginia.
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1640s •New England merchants begin their engagement in the African slave trade.
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1715–1730 •The volume of the African slave trade doubles.
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1799 •Leading free black Philadelphians, including Absalom Jones, Richard Allen, and James
Forten, unsuccessfully petition Congress to halt the slave trade.
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1807 •Congress passes the Slave Trade Abolition Act of 1807, which outlaws the African slave
trade.
Why slaves? Why Africa?
• Indentured servants had provided most of the labor on the
plantations and farms prior to 1680s
• English men and women no longer as willing to indenture
themselves
– Population pressures lessened in England
– More choice in where to settle as new colonies founded
– Scarcity of land in the Maryland and Virginia made it
unappealing
• Caribbean islands – sugar plantations
– Since 1640s, Dutch, French, English and Spanish planters had
purchased slaves
– Spanish colonies – Catholic Church prevented enslavement of
Indians – turned to Africans
Atlantic Slave Trade
• Triangular Trade
• Middle passage
• Complex commercial relationships that linked
Europe, Africa, North and South America and the
Caribbean
• Complicated web of exchange
• Oceanic slave trade was new (even though
slavery itself was not new)
• Expanded network of commerce
Atlantic Slave Trade
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“Middle Passage” voyage
Death en route – 10-20%
Disease prevalent on ships
Majority of slaves came from West Africa – long tradition of
West African leaders trading with Europeans
– Land, location – why West Africa?
– Warfare in Africa increased with demand for slaves
• Europeans benefited the most from slave trade
– Europeans vying for power in new world
– Vying to control trade and looking to increase wealth of colonies
Atlantic Slave Trade
• While Europeans benefited the most from
slave trade, coastal kings in West Africa also
did benefit
• Highly profitable for kings to trade slaves with
the Europeans – brought them great wealth
and power
Slavery in North America
• First laws in Virginia related to religion and geography, not
race
– “all servants not being Christians imported to this colony by
shipping shall be slaves for their lives” (African)
– Servants who shall come by land would serve only for a term of
years (Indian)
• By 1682, Racial terminology used to distinguish slaves and
non-slaves
– Virginia – “Negroes, Moors, Mollatoes or Indians arriving by sea
or land could all be held in bondage for life”
– By 1700, African slavery firmly established in economy of
Chesapeake and South Carolina
Slavery in America
• Text on pages 72-73 states:
– “The convoluted and contradictory early attempts to define
slave status and how it would descend to the next generation
suggest that seventeenth century English colonists nevertheless
initially lacked clear conceptual categories defining both race
and slave. They developed such categories and their meanings
over time, through their experience with the institution of
African and Indian slavery, originally adopted for economic
reasons.”
• What are the authors arguing?
• Do you agree? Why or why not? Why do you think slavery
started in America?
Colonial planter and rebel Nathaniel Bacon led
an armed uprising known as Bacon's Rebellion
against Governor William Berkeley of Virginia
to protest the governor's tolerant policies
toward American Indians. In 1676 Bacon raised
an army and led unprovoked attacks on local
Indian tribes before directing his forces against
Governor Berkeley. Bacon took control of
Virginia until he died later that year. Upon his
death, the rebellion collapsed and the
aristocracy returned to power.
Practice EOC Coach
What does a large and profitable modern sugar
cane farm in the Caribbean most resemble?
A. Slavery
B. Plantation
C. Proprietary Colony
D. Land Ownership
By Contemporary standards, how would colonial
slavery most likely be judged?
A. Unjust and illegal
B. Economically Profitable
C. Wrong but necessary
D. A good thing
Which statement most specifically sums up why
the early colonists came to North America?
A. The colonists were fleeing hard times in
Europe
B. The colonists came for work and religious
freedom
C. The colonists came for adventures
D. The Colonists came to start a new life
Mercantilism was to eighteenth-century Britain
as capitalism is to
?
Which choice best completes the analogy
above?
A. Europe in the eighteenth century
B. The contemporary world
C. Contemporary Europe
D. Contemporary America
Rhode Island is to New England
as Georgia is to
.
Which choice best completes the analogy above
about the American colonies?
A. The Midwest
B. The Southern Colonies
C. The Carolinas
D. The Middle Colonies
• www.pages.drexel.edu/~jmf67/BCC/July5_Lec
ture1.ppt
• Social Studies Solutions: Jason Adams
• Colonial America: European Settlement in
North America 1580-1765. 2007. The Book
Studio.
• North Carolina Civics and Economics EOC
Coach Grade 10.