Heredity
notes
Schedule
•
Monday Oct. 19
Reflective writing about DNA model activity
DNA concept map activity
(order may change)
Vocab. visuals
Lab- making fun bugs with gene combinations
Lab- flipping coins probability
Group activity-DNA concept map
Mitosis vs Meiosis - compare Venn diagram
Punnett squares practice
Evolution vs. religion
Natural selection
Reading for Meaning - what is inherited
Preassessment 10/13-10/14
• Preassessment
10/13
• Review core content standards, “I Can”
statements
Notes 10/14-10/15
• Note- taking worksheet with PowerPoint
• Workbook p. 29-30
DNA 10/15
• “twisted ladder”
• Found in genes in chromosomes
• Two sides of the ladder form the backbone of the
DNA and support it
• Each rung (or step) is made up of a pair of
chemicals called bases – contain the genetic
information
• There are only 4 different bases – A, T, G, C
• A always combines with T, and G always combines
with C
DNA 10/15
• http://www.genomicseducation.ca/education
Resources/activities/candy_dna.asp
• DNA model site
DNA – Bellringer 10/19/09
• “Break the code activity” on desks
• Do not write on the copy as these will be
reused
• Break the code- write answer on paper
DNA notes 10/19/09
• PowerPoint on Ch. 20- review
DNA video 10/19/09
• http://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlife
andgenetics/dna/
Formative assessment -DNA – 10/19/09
write answer only
• 1. Which part of DNA contains the genetic instructions for a body’s
characteristics and processes?
a. Sides (backbone)
c. The twisted ladder
b. The bases
d. Its duplication
• 2. Which part of DNA provides support for the molecule?
a. Sides (backbone)
c. The twisted ladder
b. The bases
d. Its duplication
• 3. How many different bases are there in DNA?
a. 2
b. Millions
c. 4
d. Unknown
4. How many bases are located on each step (or rung) in DNA?
a. 2
b. Millions
c. 4
d. Unknown
5. Where is DNA located?
a. Chromosomes b. Vacuole
c. mitochondria
d. cell wall
Bellringer 10/20/09 -DNA
write question and answer
• 1. Which part of DNA contains the genetic
instructions?
a. Sides (backbone)
c. The twisted ladder
b. The bases
d. Its duplication
• 2. Which part of DNA provides support for the
molecule?
a. Sides (backbone)
c. The twisted ladder
b. The bases
d. Its duplication
• 3. How many different bases are there in DNA?
a. 2
b. Millions
c. 4 d. unknown
Mitosis – notes 10/20
• Mitosis – cell division process to form new body cells
• STEPS:
• 1. DNA in the nucleus is copied and chromosomes
are duplicated
• 2. chromosomes line up at center then divide
• 3. nucleus divides once and forms two nucleus
• 4. cell divides and forms 2 cells
• Cell starts with 46 chromosomes and each new cell
results with 46 chromosomes
Mitosis movie clip 10/20
• Ch. 20 ppt- slide 8
• United streaming video clips
• http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cf
m?guidAssetId=703E91B0-1434-45D8-A807A338A5AC7C4D&blnFromSearch=1&productc
ode=US
Mitosis video 10/20
• http://glencoe.mcgrawhill.com/sites/0078778066/student_view0/br
ainpop_movies.html#
• mitosis
Mitosis – 10/20
• Mitosis modeling activity with black and
yellow pipe cleaners and circle paper cells
Mitosis – bellringer 10/21/09
•
•
•
1. What is formed by mitosis?
A. Sex cells b. Body cells
C. Fertilization
d. Heredity
2. What is the first step in mitosis?
a. Nucleus divides
c. DNA is copied
b. b. 2 cells are formed
3. How many nucleus are formed with mitosis?
a. 46
b. 2
c. 4
d. unknown
Meiosis – notes 10/21
•
•
•
•
•
•
Process that forms sex cells
STEPS:
1. DNA is duplicated
2. Nucleus divides twice- total of four
3. Four sex cells form
Each new sex cell has 23 chromosomesstarting cell had 46
Meiosis video 10/21
• http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cf
m?guidAssetId=B4B44BE8-73D7-4C4C-B7A2F32F31B29CDD&blnFromSearch=1&productco
de=US
• United streaming meiosis clip
Meiosis activity 10/21
Modeling with pipe cleaners and paper cells
Meiosis – bellringer 10/22/09
1. How many cells are formed at the end of
meiosis?
a. 2
b. 1
c. 4
d. 23
2. In meiosis, there are _____ chromosomes in
the starting cell and ends with ____
chromosomes in each sex cell.
a. 46, 46 b. 2, 4
c. 2, 1
d. 46, 23
3. What is formed with meiosis?
a. Body cells
b. Sex cells
c. New shoes
10/23 Chromosome match activity
• Workbook p. 9-12
Mitosis vs. meiosis 10/23
• Copy chart on p. 595
10/23 Cell division video- 19 min.
• Cell division – mitosis, meiosis, asexual
reproduction, sexual reproduction,
chromosomes
http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.
cfm?guidAssetId=703E91B0-1434-45D8A807A338A5AC7C4D&blnFromSearch=1&prod
uctcode=US
Asexual reproduction 10/23
• a new organism is made from a part of
another organism by mitosis and cell division
• Receives all DNA from one parent- DNA will be
the same
Sexual reproduction 10/23
• New organism is produced from the DNA of
two parent cells
M&M
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10/23/09 formative
1. How many cells are formed at the end of mitosis?
A. 4
b. 2
c. 23
d. 46
2. How many cells are formed at the end of meiosis?
A. 4
b. 2
c. 23
d. 46
3. During mitosis, there are ____chromosomes in the starting
cell and ____ chromosomes in each cell at the end.
A. 46, 23 b. 46, 46
c. 2, 1
d. 1, 2
4. During meiosis, there are ____chromosomes in the starting
cell and ____ chromosomes in each cell at the end.
A. 46, 23 b. 46, 46
c. 2, 1
d. 1, 2
5. What are formed during mitosis?
A. Body cells
b. Sex cells c. New kinds of genes
6. What are formed during meiosis?
A. Body cells
b. Sex cells c. New kinds of genes
Mitosis vs. meiosis – bellringer 10/26
• Mitosis vs. meiosis stages with pictures in
workbook
• MC questions 3
Asexual reproduction 10/26
• http://www.brainpop.c
om/science/cellularlifea
ndgenetics/asexualrepr
oduction/
• BrainPop video
Cloning video
• http://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlife
andgenetics/cloning/
• BrainPop
Cloning article 10/26
• http://www.sciencenewsforkids.org/articles/2
0040128/Feature1.asp
• Animal clones: Double trouble?
• Using playdoh, make a clone
Regeneration article 10/26
• http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/Bio
logyPages/R/Regeneration.html
• Make before and after organism with Playdoh
that have undergone regeneration
• 2 models- 1st organism body part missing
» 2nd organism with body part regrown
Budding article 10/26
• Budding article
• http://hubpages.com/hub/Is-Sex-Necessaryfor-Reproduction
• Make an organism before and after using
budding for reproduction
Asexual reproduction 10/26
• 1. budding – a new individual grows from the
parent
• EX. Potato, hydra
• 2. cloning – making exact copies of organisms
– gets DNA from only one parent cell
• Ex. Dolly the sheep was a clone
• 3. Regeneration – replacing injured or missing
body parts by growing new ones
Ex. Starfish (arm), chameleon (tail)
Asexual activity 10/26
• 3 articles – 1 each on budding, regeneration,
and cloning
• Use playdoh to model before and after of
organism in each process
• Partner activity
Asexual reproduction-bellringer 10/27
formative assessment—please turn this in on blank paper
write question and answer only
1. How many parent cells does DNA come from in
asexual reproduction?
a. 4
b. 2
c. 1
d. 46
2. Making an exact copy from DNA from one parent
is
a. Budding
b. Cloning
c. regeneration
3. Making new body parts when one is missing or
injured is
a. Budding b. Cloning
c. Regeneration
4. Growing an individual directly from one parent is
a. Budding b. Cloning
c. regeneration
A & S Asexual vs. sexual Formative
Bellringer
–
only
write
answer
• 1. How many parent cells will the DNA come from in asexual
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
reproduction?
A. 1
b. 2
c. 23
d. 46
2. How many parent cells will the DNA come from in sexual
reproduction?
A. 1
b. 2
c. 23
d. 46
3. A new individual grows directly on the parent in
A. Regeneration b. Budding c. cloning
4. Replacing injured or missing body parts by growing new
ones is
A. Regeneration b. budding
c. cloning
5. Process of making exact copies of organisms is
A. Regeneration b. Budding c. cloning
•
•
•
•
•
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Asexual vs. sexual bellringer
10/27
1. How many parent cells will the DNA come from in asexual
reproduction?
A. 1
b. 2
c. 23
d. 46
2. A new individual grows directly on the parent in
A. Regeneration b. Budding c. cloning
3. Replacing injured or missing body parts by growing new
ones is
A. Regeneration b. budding
c. cloning
4. Process of making exact copies of organisms is
A. Regeneration b. Budding c. cloning
Pet behavior- reading for meaning
10/27
• Pet behavior
• Reading for meaning activity with pet
behaviors
• Read the 5 statements and circle “agree” or
“disagree” for each
• Then read the article. As you are reading,
write evidence that supports the statement in
one side and evidence that does not support
statement on the other side
Bellringer 10/28/09
write question and answer
• 1. What is responsible for behavior?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Heredity
Environment
Both
neither
Behavior notes 10/28
• Learned - acquire or influence from
environment, friends, family
trial-and-error
• Inherited - instinct – born with it
Behavior – video clip 10/28
• BrainPOP video
• http://www.brainpop.com/science/ecologyan
dbehavior/behavior/
• “Behavior”
Behavior – assessment 10/28
• BrainPOP formative assessment from handout
Adaptations 10/28
• Behavioral- activities: Migration, hibernation
• Structural- body parts:
webbed feet, fur, color, feathers, wings, etc.
Adaptations “Reciprocal reading”
10/28
• Read polar bear article
• Open response
bellringer 10/29/09
• 1. Wings on a bird is what type of adaptation?
• A. Structural
• B. behavioral
• 2. A bear hibernating for the winter is what
type of adaptation?
• A. Structural
• B. behavioral
Adaptations “Reciprocal reading”
10/29 (finished)
• Read polar bear article
• Open response
• A. Describe 3 ways in which the baby cub
polar bear will resemble its mother.
• B. Describe 1 behavior that the baby cub will
have to learn from its mother.
Bellringer 10/30
• Have open response ready to review – finish if
needed
Make a foldable with 8 strips 10/30
1. Gene- part of a chromosome that has the
information about a trait
2. Trait – inherited characteristic
ex. Eye color, hair color, etc.
3. Allele- each gene of the gene pair; they
combine to determine how the trait is
shown
Ex. Attached earlobe= a Unattached
earlobe=A
Genes
mom
+
dad
= 1 pair chromosomes
Traits: Lab activity 10/30
• “Genetic traits: the unique you”
• Hook: How are 3 genetic traits expressed
among your classmates?
• Workbook P. 7-8
• Suggestions: earlobe, curl tongue, curly or
straight hair, freckles, dimples
Dominant and recessive
11/2/09
Bellringer 11/2/09
write question and answer
• 1. “Freckles” is an example of a type of
a. Trait
b. Gene c. chromosome
Previously…..11/2
• During the last class, we created foldables
with information about genes, alleles, and
traits.
• We introduced different types of traits and
collected data by performing a class survey
involving 3 different traits.
Alleles 11/2
• Each individual usually has 2 alleles (or genes)
for each trait. For example, you have 2 alleles
for dimples, 2 more for freckles, and 2 more
for unattached or attached earlobes.
• Infer….
• From previous information, where does the 2
alleles come from that determine a trait?
• It is how these 2 alleles are combined that
determines which trait is shown.
Heredity 11/2
• Hook: What does flipping a coin have in
common with heredity?
Alleles 11/2
• Each of your parents have 2 alleles for a trait
• Usually you receive one allele from the female
parent and one from the male parent
• Chance, or luck, determines which gene you
get from each parent….just like flipping a coin
Heredity video clip 11/2
• http://www.brainpop.com/health/geneticsgro
wthanddevelopment/heredity/
Alleles11/2 complete foldable with these notes
• Dominant allele- covers or hides the other
allele “bully”
– Capital letter
• Recessive allele – is covered or hid because of
the other allele
– Lower case letter
Example of allele combinations 11/2
• 1. The trait is freckles
freckles = A
no freckles = a
Infer…. What trait will result?
AA =
aa =
Aa =
Alleles11/2 complete foldable with these notes
• Dominant allele- blocks or hides the other allele
– Capital letter
– Shows when dominant + dominant OR dominant +
recessive combine; AA or Aa
• Recessive allele – is blocked or hid because of the
other allele
– Lower case letter
– Only shows when recessive + recessive combine; aa
Pure vs. hybrid 11/2
• Pure = genes are the same for a trait
• AA or aa
• Hybrid = genes are different for a trait
• Aa
Allele lab activity 11/2
• Each table should have 2 bags, one labeled
with “Mom” and the other with “Dad”
• There should be two alleles in each bag, one
“A” and the other “a”
• These two parents will have 10 offspring
• Lab worksheet “Identifying alleles” Review
instructions
• Model with bags and how to fill out worksheet
Formative assessment “DR” 11-2-09
Use this information to help answer the following questions:
A = Freckles
a = no freckles
1.
According to the above information, what type of allele is freckles?
a. Dominant
b. Recessive
c. Neither
d. Both
2.
What type of allele is “no freckles”?
a. Dominant
b. Recessive
c. Neither
d. Both
3. If an offspring has an allele combination of Aa, what trait will be shown by
that offspring?
a. Freckles
b. No freckles c. Will not know d. Both
4.
What allele combination must an offspring have to show “no freckles”?
a. AA
b. Aa
c. aa
d. None of these
Bellringer 11-3-09
• If W = widow’s peak and w = no widow’s peak,
what allele combination might show a
widow’s peak?
• A. WW
• B. Ww
• C. ww
• D. Both Ww and WW
• E. All of the above
Mutations, variation, specialized
breeding 11/3
• Mutation – permanent change in DNA
• May be beneficial, harmful, or neutral for the
organism
• Ex. 4 leaf clover
• Caused by viruses, radiation, etc.
• Variations- different ways a trait can show
itself- Ex. Eye color, skin color, hair color
• Specialized breeding – to create animals with
desired traits
Mutation video 11/3
• http://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlife
andgenetics/geneticmutations/
• mutation
evolution
• Charles Darwin- theory of evolution and
natural selection
• Natural selection- organisms that are best
adapted to their environment survive;
“survival of the fittest”
• Evolution – genes are changed in organisms
from one generation to the next
evolution
• Charles Darwin – father of theory of evolution
• http://glencoe.mcgrawhill.com/sites/0078778069/student_view0/uni
t5/webquest_projects.html
Variations and mutations
Evolution video clips
• Brainpop
http://www.brainpop.com/science/ecologyan
dbehavior/
• Video: Human evolution
• Video: Charles darwin
Variations and mutations
Natural selection video clip
• http://www.brainpop.com/science/ecologyan
dbehavior/
• Natural selection activity sheets from video
Punnett square calculator
• http://www.changbioscience.com/genetics/pu
nnett.html
• http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/
tour/
• Tour of the basics
Vocab visuals- foldable
word
Book definition
heredity
genetics
gene
allele
A gene of a gene pair
variation
mutation
Selective breeding Breeding organisms to produce offspring
with desired traits
Picture / own
definition/
examples
• http://teach.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin
/traits/traitstree.pdf
• http://www.teachervision.fen.com/tv/printabl
es/DominantvsRecessive.pdf
• http://teach.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin
/traits/traitsrecipe.pdf
genetics
• http://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlife
andgenetics/genetics/
• genetics
Mastery lab activity: adaptations
• http://chalk.richmond.edu/education/projects
/webquests/adaptations/
• Adaptations – giving a scenario and creating
an animal to live in that environment
Behavior video clips
• http://www.brainpop.com/science/ecologyan
dbehavior/
Migration
• Conditioning
• hibernation
• http://www.sciencekidsathome.com/science_
topics/genetics-a.html#more
Meiosis movie clip
• Ch. 20 ppt – slide 22
DNA, mitosis, meiosis
• DNA concept map
• Workbook p. 17
Asexual vs. sexual reproduction
• Make a VENN diagram comparing asexual and
sexual reproduction
• P. 593-594
Vocab visuals- foldable
word
Book definition
mitosis
Meiosis
Asexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction
Cloning
chromosome
Structure in a cell’s nucleus that
contains genetic information
Budding
Process in which an organism
reproduces
regeneration
Process in which body parts are
replaced that have been lost
because of injury
DNA
Chemical inside cells that
contains hereditary information
fertilization
Picture / own definition/
examples
DNA reflection- formative
(separate piece of paper to turn in)
• Write a paragraph reflecting the DNA model
that you created.
• Include:
• what each piece of the model (twizzlers,
marshmallow, and toothpicks) represented
• what colors did you pair together and why?
Mitosis vs. meiosis
• Make a compare / contrast of mitosis and
meiosis with a Venn diagram or graphic
organizer of your choice
Which letter corresponds with the gene pair that is pure?
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. none are pure
Lab activity
• “modeling probability”
• Flip coin activity
• P. 4 workbook
Lab activity
• Making fun bugs—determine bug traits
• Big marshmallows, little colored
marshmallows, googly eyes, toothpicks, glue,
pipecleaners
Lab activity
• “Getting DNA from onion cells”
• Hook: How is DNA taken out of cells?
• Workbook p. 5-6
• Foldable
• Workbook p. 15
Bellringer
• Transparency
• Workbook p. 40
• DNA
• Workbook p. 44 answer questions
Present Human Body Corporation
projects
• Present from file folder on my email “organ
project 2nd period and allow students to make
presentations
• Have students to rate them as follows:
• Presentation 1-10
• Overall Project 1-10
• Persuasiveness to not be fired 1-10
• At end, students to turn in papers
The role of genes in behavior –
reading for meaning
Virtual lab
• How are inherited traits of parents expressed
in offspring?
• Practice with punnet squares
• Use virtual lab CD or link
http://glencoe.mcgrawhill.com/sites/0078778069/student_view0/uni
t5/chapter20/virtual_lab.html
• http://glencoe.mcgrawhill.com/sites/dl/free/0078778069/164155/00
053413.html
• “Mitosis”
• http://glencoe.mcgrawhill.com/sites/0078778069/student_view0/br
ainpop_movies.html#
• http://glencoe.mcgrawhill.com/sites/0078778069/student_view0/br
ainpop_movies.html#
• “Fertilization and birth”
Find a percentage
•
When sex cells form, each allele separates from its partner. Each sex cell will contain only one allele for each trait. (Assume that a parent is a hybrid
for a certain trait. That means that the parent has a dominant and recessive allele for that trait.) What percent of the parent's sex cells will contain
the recessive allele? A) 75% B) 25% C) 50% D) 100% 2
•
When sex cells form, each allele separates from its partner. Each sex cell will contain only one allele for each trait. (Assume that a parent has two
dominant alleles.) What percent of the parent's sex cells will contain the dominant allele? A) 100% B) 25% C) 75% D) 50% 3
•
When sex cells form, each allele separates from its partner. Each sex cell will contain only one allele for each trait. (Assume that a parent has two
dominant alleles.) What percent of the parent's sex cells will contain the recessive allele? A) 25% B) 0% C) 50% D) 100% 4
•
Some diseases in humans are a result of recessive traits. What percent of the sex cells produced by a parent would have an allele for this recessive
trait? A) 75% B) 25% C) 50% D) 100% 5
•
Assume one parent is a hybrid for a trait, and the other parent has 2 recessive alleles for the same trait. When the sex cells join, what is the percent
chance that the offspring will have the recessive trait? A) 50% B) 25% C) 75% D) 100% 6
•
Assume one parent has 2 recessive alleles for a trait, and the other parent has 2 recessive alleles for the same trait. When the sex cells join, what is
the percent chance that the offspring will have the recessive trait? A) 75% B) 25% C) 100% D) 50% 7
•
Assume one parent has 2 dominant alleles for a trait, and the other parent has 2 recessive alleles for the same trait. When the sex cells join, what is
the percent chance that the offspring will have the recessive trait? A) 100% B) 25% C) 50% D) 0% 8
•
Assume one parent has 2 dominant alleles for a trait, and the other parent is a hybrid for the same trait. When the sex cells join, what is the percent
chance that the offspring will have the recessive trait? A) 50% B) 25% C) 0% D) 75% 9
•
Assume one parent has 2 dominant alleles for a trait, and the other parent has 2 recessive alleles for the same trait. When the sex cells join, what is
the percent chance that the offspring will have the dominant trait? A) 100% B) 75% C) 50% D) 25% 10
•
Assume one parent has 2 dominant alleles for a trait, and the other parent is a hybrid for the same trait. When the sex cells join, what is the percent
chance that the offspring will have the dominant trait? A) 100% B) 75% C) 50% D) 0%