Lesson 3
______________________ is taking a term and all objects to which the term applies (including all
species and and subspecies of the term.)
Give examples in the extension of the term ‘book’.
______________________ is taking a term and all objects in which the term itself is an example
(including all possible genus of the term.)
Give examples in the intension of the term ‘book’.
Which has greater extension? Beverage or Coca Cola?
Which has greater intension? Mozzarella or Cheese ?
Two terms must be related in order to talk about extension or intension!!
Printer
Candy Bar are ___________________________.
A term has greater extension if it is more : Specific
General
(circle one)
A term has greater intension if it is more : Specific
(circle one)
General
One can think they are adding intension without actually doing so.
People Alive Today
People Alive Today less than 1,000 years old.
At first it appears that ‘People Alive Today’ is more general (greater ____________________________)
But they refer to the same set of people!!, so they refer to the same thing.
Lesson 4 Ways of Defining
Terms may be defined by ______________________________,
________________________________, or __________________________________________.
1. By Synonym: Defining a term by using another term or terms.
** Logic is ______________________________________________________________________.
Logic is part of _________________________________________. It is a gift to help us make sense of
the world around us.
God is a God of ________________________, but He is not limited by it.
** The “Law of the Excluded Middle” says that a statement is
________________________________________________________________________.
** The “Law of non-contradiction” says that a statement
______________________________________________________________________.
Taken together, a statement is _________________________________________________.
A statement like “Jesus is Lord” is ________________________________________________.
The following can NOT be considered as statements:
“Wednesdays are purple”
“Green is an ugly color”
“Kite run desk with book”
“This statement is False”
Formal Logic deals directly with _________________________________.
Informal Logic deals with topics indirectly related with _________________________________.
Section 1 (Definitions)
A term is ______________________________________________________.
A definition gives __________________________________________________.
(Note: we just give the definition of the word ‘definition’)!
The idea of a term is not the same as a word. (e.g. a ball, a sphere, a globe all refer to the same kind of
object) ,
The single word ‘ball’ may mean many terms including
____________________________________ or ______________________________________.
Make sure your definitions and terms are clear before an argument. (E.g. God is awful).
A word is ambiguous or vague if ________________________________________________
6 roles that definitions play
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
A lexical definition ________________________________________________________.
A precising definition is one _________________________________________________.
A stipulative definition is one _________________________________________________.
A theoretical definition is one that _____________________________________________.
Persuasive Definitions ______________________________________________________.
Section 2 Genus/Species relationships
A genus/species relationship is a relationship between two terms, where one term (called the species)
is a specific example of the more general term (called the genus).
Eg. Which is which? (Label below)
Food, Banana
Baseball,sport Animal,Dog Chair,Furniture Dessert,Ice Cream Amazon,Jungle
Note that a single term can be BOTH a genus as well as a species
Example: In Animal/Dog/Beagle
Animal is genus -- Dog is species
and then, Dog is genus --Beagle is species.
Come up with another example with 3 terms, where the middle one is both a genus and a species:
/
/
Terms can be places in a hierarchy (like a family tree) with the more general terms above.
E.g. Make a tree out of Animals, Dogs, Cats, Beagles, German Shepherds, Collies, Mutts, Siamese,
Persian.
Two terms are said to be mutually exclusive if
______________________________________________________________________
The terms: Women and Brunettes are not mutually exclusive since
________________________________________________.
A list of species is exhaustive of a genus if __________________________________________.
Example: The genus Women can be listed exhaustively by:
Example: Blonde and Brunette is not exhaustive of the genus Boys. (why not?)