CN2668 Routers and Switches Kemtis Kunanuraksapong MSIS with Distinction MCTS, MCDST, MCP, A+ Agenda • Chapter 5: Router and IOS Basics • Exercise • Quiz Benefits of Routing • Routers provide ▫ ▫ ▫ ▫ Packet filtering Connections between local networks Traffic control Wide area network (WAN) connections • Routers operate at the Network layer of the OSI reference model ▫ Because of Network layer addressing, routers can direct packets to both local and remote segments Cisco Router User Interface • Cisco Internetwork Operating System (IOS) ▫ Provides a command-line interface (CLI) • You can access a router in several different ways ▫ ▫ ▫ ▫ ▫ Console port (also known as the console) Auxiliary port (AUX) Virtual terminals (VTY) Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) server See Figure 5-1 on Page 119 System Configuration Dialog • If the router has not been configured previously, or if the startup file has been erased ▫ The Cisco IOS will prompt you to run the initial configuration dialog after the router boots ▫ You also can type Setup to configure as well • A series of prompts that guide you through the initial configuration for the router • If IOS 12.0, you have two setups ▫ Basic management ▫ Extended setup User Interface • The initial prompt: ▫ The host name of the router followed by the greater than symbol (>) ▫ Default: router> • User EXEC mode (User mode) ▫ When the prompt displayed is the greater than symbol ▫ User mode does not allow you to configure the router only to check status and review settings User Interface (continued) • The question mark activates context-sensitive Help on the Cisco router • Privileged EXEC mode ▫ To enter privileged EXEC, you can type the enable command at the user mode prompt ▫ Next, you may be prompted for a password ▫ Greater than symbol (>) changes to a pound sign (#) User Interface (continued) • The question mark activates context-sensitive Help on the Cisco router • Privileged EXEC mode ▫ To enter privileged EXEC, you can type the enable command at the user mode prompt ▫ Next, you may be prompted for a password ▫ Greater than symbol (>) changes to a pound sign (#) User Interface (continued) • In Privileged EXEC mode ▫ Setup command will cause the router to enter the system configuration dialog ▫ Copy configurations can be copied from TFTP servers to the router and therefore change the router configuration ▫ Erase configuration files as well as the entire IOS can be erased Configuration Modes • Global configuration mode ▫ Accessed by typing configure terminal at the enable mode prompt • Interface configuration mode ▫ Allows you to configure the Ethernet and serial interfaces on your router • Line configuration mode ▫ Allows you to configure the virtual terminals, console, and AUX lines that let you access the router Configuration Modes (continued) • Typing exit will take you back one level • Typing end or pressing the Ctrl+Z keys will take you all the way back to the enable prompt • Abbreviated commands ▫ Such as conf t, en, sh ru • The router will show you the point at which you entered an incorrect character Plethora of Passwords • 5 passwords you can set ▫ ▫ ▫ ▫ ▫ Enable Enable Secret Console Aux Virtual Terminal (VTY) • Use service password-encryption if you want to encrypt all passwords Plethora of Passwords • Enable Password and Enable Secret Password configuration ▫ You can set both passwords from the global configuration mode prompt ▫ You can type no enable secret and no enable password at the global configuration mode prompt To remove the enable secret and enable passwords Plethora of Passwords (continued) • Setting Line passwords ▫ You can set passwords for each line used to configure the router ▫ Configure the console line password Enter line con 0 ▫ You can also configure passwords on the five virtual terminal lines that exist on every router Enter line vty 0 4 Enhanced Editing • The enhanced editing commands let you jump to the beginning or end of a command line ▫ You can also jump forward or back, character by character, or word by word • You can turn off the enhanced editing features by typing terminal no editing at either the user EXEC or the privileged EXEC prompts ▫ You can turn on terminal editing by typing terminal editing • See Table 5-3 on Page 129 Command History • Command history ▫ Allows you to retrieve previously typed commands ▫ You can see up to 10 previously typed commands by typing show history • To modify the number of commands stored by the router, you can use the terminal command ▫ Up to 256 previous commands ▫ Type terminal history size n Configuring Router • Router host name ▫ Default host name is router ▫ To set the router host name, type hostname followed by the name that you want to set • Configure a banner ▫ A banner is a message that you can configure to display each time someone attempts to log in to the router ▫ Enter global configuration mode by typing config t Then type banner motd, followed by a space and a delimiting character Configuring Router (Cont.) • Configure an interface description ▫ Use the description command ▫ The interface description helps you remember which network the interface services • Use the clock set command in enable mode to configure the time ▫ You must be in global configuration mode to configure the time zone ▫ See Figure 5-14 on Page 132 Router Components • ROM ▫ Contains the bootstrap ▫ Not modified during normal operations, but it can be upgraded with special plug-in chips • Flash memory (EPROM) ▫ Contains the working copy of the current Cisco IOS ▫ Is the component that initializes the IOS for normal router operations Router Components (Cont.) • NVRAM ▫ Contain the startup configuration file for the router and IOS uses it during boot process • RAM/DRAM ▫ Changes to the router’s running configuration take place in RAM/DRAM • Interfaces Assignment • Review Questions ▫ 1 – 24 • Case Projects ▫5 • Lab 5.1, 5.3 – 5.5