1.
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3.
4.
Eukaryotic (cells with a nucleus)
Multicellular (organisms are generally large
Motile (can move at some point of its life)
Heterotrophic (feeds on other organisms)
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There are 31 Animal Phyla identified by
Scientists
Major Evolutionary developments occur along
the roughly 600 Million years of the Animal
Kingdom
We will Identify the 10 Largest Phyla of
Animals
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Lack True Tissues
Are Filter Feeders
Have Choanocytes for Water movement
Entirely aquatic
9000 Species
Parametazoa- Animals without Tissues
Examples include All variety of salt water and
fresh water Sponges
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First Eumetazoans- Animals with tissues
All members of this phyla have “Stinging
Cells” called nematocysts
Have gel-like bodies
Salt or fresh water
Body form are Polyp (mouth up) or Medusa
(mouth down)
All have Tentacles with Nematocysts
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All have Tentacles with Nematocysts
Have extra-cellular digestion with a
gastrovascular cavity “sac body plan”
Have Radial Body Plans
10,000 Species
Examples: Hydra, Jellyfish, Man-o-war, Coral,
Sea Anemone, Sea Fans
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First Animals with Bilateral Symmetry
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All are “Flatworms” with ribbon-like bodies
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Simplest organisms with specialized organs
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Single opening into a digestive gut.
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Can absorb nutrients directly into body
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Simple Nervous system
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Many are parasitic living in hosts
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Free living flatworms live in water
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20,000 species
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Examples include….Planaria, Tapeworms,
Flukes, and Marine Flatworms.
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First organism with an alimentary canal with
both mouth and anus
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Microscopic fresh water organism
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Has jaws surrounded by cilia to bring in food
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2200 Species
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Non-segmented
One way digestive tract
Covered by a Thick cuticle
First organism with a pseudo-coelom
12,000 species
Free living and Parasite species
Examples: Pinworms, Ascaris, Hookworms,
heartworms, Trichina spiralis (Pork)
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110,000 species (Second Largest)
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Breathe by Gills
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Mantle secrets a shell in most species
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Have a true visceral mass with many complex
internal organs.
Has a muscular “foot” for movement
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Three main classes of Mollusca
◦ 1. Gastropods-single spiral shell, scraping mouth
piece called a “radula”
◦ Examples are snails, slugs, conches
◦ 2. Bivalves-two piece hinged shell, two siphons for
filter feeding.
◦ Examples : Clams, Oysters, Scallops, Mussels
◦ 3. Cephalopods-no shell but has a well developed
head region, 8 arms/tentacles, mouth part includes
a Beak. Eyes very similar to Humans
◦ Examples: Squid, Cuttlefish Octopus, Nautilus
Gastropods
Bivalves
Cephalopods
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12,000 Species
Internally and externally segmented
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Well developed nervous system
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Have a closed circulatory system
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First organisms with a true body cavity
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Three Classes:
1. Oligochaeta- terrestrial Earthworms and
bloodworms
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2. Hirudnia- Parasitic worms like Leeches
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3. Polychaeta- marine worms like
sandworms, bristleworms, tubeworms and
fanworms
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Largest Animal phyla with over 1.5 million
species
General Characteristics
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True body cavity
Segmented
Jointed Appendages
Exoskeleton made of Chitin
Must “Molt” to grow
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7 Classes of Arthropods
Trilobite- Extinct aquatic species
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Merostomate- Includes only Horseshoe Crabs
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Crustacians-mostly aquatic, Crabs, Lobster,
Shrimp, Barnacles, Pill bugs
Insects- largest arthropod class, undergo
Metamorphosis, 3 pr. of legs, only group that can
fly.
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Insects- largest arthropod class, undergo
Metamorphosis, 3 pr. of legs, only group that can
fly. Includes beetles, ants, butterflies, bees,
mosquitoes, weevils and grasshoppers
Arachnids- 4 pair of legs, have fangs instead of
jaws, most produce venom, includes spiders, ticks,
scorpions, chiggers
Diplopods- four legs per segment, herbivores,
includes all Millipedes.
Chilopods- two legs per segment, aggressive
carnivores, includes all centipedes
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10,000 Species
Endoskeleton with interlocking plates called
ossicles
5 part Radial Body Plan
Fundamentally Bilateral
Has a Water Vascular system that controls
water flow, suction and tube feet.
Uses skin gills for respiration
Remarkable regenerative abilities.
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Examples include, sea stars, brittle stars, sea
urchins, sea cucumbers and sand dollars
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Animals with a Notocord
42,500 species
All chordates have Bilateral Symmetry,
notochord, spinal cord and highly developed
Head region and brain.
Three Sub Phyla
1. Urochordates2. Cephalochordates3. Vertebrates-
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Vertebrates- Largest Group of Chordates
Notocord becomes the Vertebrae during
embryo development
Largest group of Vertebrates are fish
First Vertebrates originated around 500
million years ago.
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Seven Classes of Vertebrates
1. Agnatha- Primitive jawless Fish. Long tube
bodies breathe by gills, Salt Water….
Lampreys
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2. Chondrichthytes----Cartilage Fish
Has a skeleton made of cartilage, All Salt
Water species, gills
Includes Sharks, Skates and Sting Rays
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3. Osteichthyes—Boney Fish----fresh or salt
water, skeleton made of calcium bone. Gill
Breathers…. Ex. Include, Bass, Goldfish, Eels,
Marlin, Catfish and Tuna
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4. Amphibians---Four Legged creatures that
can live out of water but need water for
reproduction. Lung Breathers as adults, gill
breathers as young, Soft Moist skin….
Includes Frogs, Toads, Salamanders and
Newts
5. Reptiles Breathe by lungs in all stages.
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 Body
covered by scales.
 Eggs
produced on land are tough and
leathery.
 First
to have Internal Fertilization.
 Includes
Lizards, Snakes, Turtles, Alligators
and relatives. Most include Dinosaurs based
on general characteristics
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All Aves…..
Have feathers instead of scales
Are warm blooded
Have a 4 chambered heart
Produce hard shelled eggs
Provide much parental involvement in the
young
Eagles
Hawks
Partridge
Chicken
Peacock
Sparrow
Owl
Penguin
Ostrich
7.
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Mammalia--- the Advanced Vertebrates
All have hair on the body
Warm blooded
Have a Four chambered heart
Internal fertilization
Give live birth
Nurse the young with milk
External ears
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1- Parametazoans to Eumetazoans
2. Radial symmetry to Bilateral Symmetry
3. Acoelomate to Coelomate
4. Gill Breathing to Lung Breathing
5. Protostome to Deuterostome
6. Invertebrates to Vertebrates