IMPROVEMENTS
 Come
up with better sig fig example problem,
have pittsburgh one, which is ok. Should have
one that we come back to several times.
Name (& nickname)
Pd_______
1. Who you live with (names and relationship)
2. What grade do you expect to earn in this class?
3. How do you learn best? What can I do to help
you learn?
4. What are you good at?
5. What are you not so good at?
6. Favorite school subject? Why?
7. Interests (sports/activities/games/hobbies)
8. Movies; Bands/artists; sports teams you like
9. Planned future occupation
Bell Ringer 9/15/14 – 3 minutes
START A NEW BELL RINGER SHEET!
How many sig figs are in the following numbers?
1. 52,000
2. 0.0070
3. 23.4000
4. W5SAYWoS
Bell Ringer 9/16/14 – 2 minutes
1.
2.
What is volume?
What is mass?
Do Sig Fig Wkst
Measurements
in science
Today you are going to…
take notes on measurements
So you can…
Define length, mass, & volume and give the base units for each.
Differentiate between mass and weight
Explain the difference between fundamental and derived units
You’ll know you’ve got it when you
can complete the “Measurement Questions” worksheet
2 Basic Measuring Systems
 Metric
 Developed
 English
in 1790’s in
France
 Based on scale of 10
 Same base unit…uses
prefixes for different
sizes
 Developed
100’s of years
ago
 No consistent scale
 Uses different units for
different sizes…all
memorization
Types of Units
 Fundamental
unit
 Fundamental
means “foundation or basis; basic”
 Measured
 Compared
to a standard, accepted worldwide
 Ex. ___________________________________
 Derived
unit
 Calculated
(math done to find them)
 Combination of fundamental units
 Ex. ___________________________________
 The
neat (important) thing about derived units
is they often tell you how they were derived!!
Some Fundamental Units
(just glance at this…notes to come)
The Measurements
SI UNITS
Eng. Units
Length
Meter (m)
Feet (ft)
Mass
Kilogram (kg)
Slug
Volume
Liter (L)
Gallon (gal)
Temperature
Kelvin (K)
Fahrenheit(°F)
Amount of Substance
Mole (mol)
Mole (mol)
Electric Current
Ampere (A)
Ampere (A)
Time
Second (s)
Second (s)
Measurements in Science
 Most
scientists and almost all countries use the
International System of Units.
 “SI Units” (metric system)
 Why
is the abbreviation “SI” instead of “IS”?
– meter (m)
 Mass
– gram (g)
 Volume – liter (L)
 Time
– second (s)
 Temperature – Kelvin (K) (but we’ll use Celsius oC)
 Length
Length
the distance from one point to another
 inches, feet, miles, millimeters, fathoms
 The SI base unit of length is the meter.

1 meter = 39.37 inches
 What English unit most closely resembles a meter?
 How does it compare to a meter?


The English system “base” is the inch.

1 inch = 2.54 centimeters
 Compare
km, m, cm, & mm to mi, yd, in, & ½ in
Mass
how much matter is in an object
 Directly related to weight…but NOT the same

Weight is a FORCE (push or pull), mass is not
 Weight changes with location, but mass does not

The SI unit of mass is the kilogram.
 The English unit of mass is the slug.


We don’t use mass much in the U.S.A….we use weight instead.

That’s one of the reasons people get mass and weight confused!!!
Mass
Slug
 It is a mass that accelerates by 1 ft/s2 when a one
pound-force is exerted on it.
 It weighs 32.17 lbs on Earth.
Bell Work 9/16/14 - 3 min
Complete # 1-17 in your notes.
Volume

Volume
how much space something takes up
 English system – gallons (quarts, pints, cups, fluid ounces)
 SI unit - liter
 Dump water!


1 mL = ___ cm3
Volume

1 liter = 1000 mL = 1000 cm3
Volume
To find volume of a regular solid:
 To find volume of irregular solid:
 To find volume of liquid:

Temperature
 Temperature
- measure of the average amount of
kinetic energy of the molecules in a substance.
 SI unit - Kelvin (K)
 we usually use the Celsius (oC) scale
temperature 20 – 25o C
 A warm sunny day 30o C.
 Room
 Water
boils at 100o C and freezes at 0o C.
 50.0
 50
in = ? mi
cm = ? km
Bell Work 9/16/14 - 3 min
1.
Define & give the SI & English units for:
a. length
b. volume
c. mass
2. What are two ways mass and weight are
different?
Bell work music!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vhHynAxHURA
Today you are going to…
take notes on metric measurements
So you can…
Convert between metric units.
You’ll know you’ve got it when you
can complete “Metric to Metric Conversion Worksheet #1”
Something not everyone knows about
Kevin…
Metric Prefixes
Kevin Hates Dating Because Dating Costs Money
Kilo Hecto Deka Base Deci Centi
1000 100
10
1
0.1 0.01
Which way?
How many?
Milli
0.001
*note the Greek letter mu on micro!
1.
25.5 g
1.
58.5 km = ______________ cm
2.
= ____________ mg
58.5 cm = ______________ hm
3.
90 daL
= _________________ kL
4.
4.45 cm = _____________________________ m
Extreme Metric Prefixes!
Mega (M) 
1,000,000 (106) One million
Giga (G)  1,000,000,000 (109) One billion!
Tera (T)  1,000,000,000,000 (1012) One trillion!
Kilo
1000
Hecto Deka Base Deci
100
10
1
0.1
Centi
0.01
Milli
0.001
Micro ( μ)  1/1,000,000 (10-6)
Nano (n) 1/1,000,000,000 (10-9)
Pico (p) 1/1,000,000,000,000 (10-12)
Bell Work 9/15 – 5 minutes
1
km = __________ m kilo means ___________
 1 cm = __________ m centi means __________
 1mm = _________ m milli means __________
 Convert
1.
2.
3.
4.
the following…
25 kg
37 dam
90 mL
15 Mm
= _________ g
= ___________ cm
= ______________ kL
= ___________________ m
1.
2.
3.
4.
25.5 g
58.5 nm
90 mL
4.45 pm
=
=
=
=
____________ dag
______________ dm
_________________ kL
_____________________________ mm
Common Mistakes
 Prefix
M is Mega, prefix m is milli
 m alone is NOT milli, it’s “meter”
 Move the decimal, don’t just add zeros!
 Don’t count your house (the unit you start on)!
 Da is deca & d is deca
 Moving the wrong direction…draw an arrow!
 The worst mistake is…GIVING UP!
 The second worst mistake is…NOT ASKING
FOR HELP!
Tip!
 If
writing a tiny number (decimal with lots of
places) leave a space between every three
numbers. DO IT!!!!
 0.0000000000003454 meters
 0.000 000 000 000 345 4 meters
Work on worksheet!
Bell Work 9/18/14 – 4 min
Get your homework out & turn it upsidedown on
your desk so we can check it.
1. 6.0 kL = _________________________ L
2. 65 mg = _________________________ g
3. 8.9 L = _________________________ cL
4. 45 dL = _________________________ hL
5. 502 Gm = _________________________ cm
Bell Work 9/20/13 – 4 min
Get your homework out & turn it upsidedown on
your desk so I can check it.
Try using the chart above for this one!
1.
5.5 mL = _________________________ L
2.
650 dg = _________________________ g
3.
57 nm = _________________________ m
4.
4.45 TL = ________________________ ML
5.
50.2 pm = _________________________ nm
Bell Ringer 9/14 – 3 minutes
Identify the SI and English unit that would be used to measure…
1.
Length of:
A. Your foot
C. from here to Irwin
E. an eyelash
2.
Volume of:
A. Your head
C. The school
3.
B. A football field
D. from here to California
F. a cell
B. A thimble
D. a Jacuzzi tub
Mass of:
A. Your head
C. The building
B. a bowling ball
D. an eyelash
Bell Work 9/26/12 – 4 min
Round the following numbers to the number of sig figs
indicated.
1 Sig Fig
Ex. 488.67
1) 521.2
2) 448.6
3) 0.086005
4) 48 000
2 Sig Figs
3 Sig Figs
Quiz
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
1 m = _________________ cm centi means _________________
1 m = _________________ mm milli means _________________
1 km = _________________ m kilo means __________________
23 kg = _________________ g
8.25 g = ______________________ cg
59 hg = ______________________ mg
14 mm = ______________________ cm
6.48 daL = ______________________ mL
23.5 ML = ______________________ hL
210 Mg = ______________________ pg
Bell Work 9/26 – 3 min
Convert all to mL
1. 456.0 L
2. 25.300 kL
3. 0.00020 nL
4. 490 TL
5. 85 daL
6. 1 000 dL
Bell Work 9/27/12 – 4 min
What is the point of significant figures? (c.s.)
Quiz
Take everything off ur desk for ze quiz!! 
Today you are going to…
take notes on accuracy & precision
So you can…
define & differentiate between accuracy & precision and give
examples.
You’ll know you’ve got it when you
can answer the questions at the end of class
Accuracy & Precision
 Accuracy

getting the correct answer on average.
 might
not always get the same answer, but their average
is close to right answer.
 Precision
is consistently getting close answers,
or “repeatability”
 It

might not be correct.
precise measurements have more sig figs
 Describe
the X’s on this deer using accuracy and
precision.
 300,000
people live in Pittsburgh.
 306,500
people live in Pittsburgh.
Which measurement is the most
precise?
5
m
 5.0 m
 5.00 m
 5.000 m
Wanna see Mr. Murray’s tattoo?
 Which
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
measurement below is the most precise?
9g
8.9 g
8.92 g
8.919 g
8.9187 g
8.91871 g
 The
measurements below are for the length of a
4.55 m desk. Describe them in terms of accuracy
and precision.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
5m
5m
3m
4m
3m
4m
6m
 The
measurements below are for the length of a
9.505 m lab desk. Describe them in terms of
accuracy and precision.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
8.90
8.95
8.93
8.94
8.97
8.94
Precision & Measurement!
 When
measuring, estimate one digit past the
markings on the measuring device.
 The
more precise a measuring instrument is, the
more significant figures there are in it’s
measurements. Which below is most precise?
Today you are going to…
take notes on significant figures
So you can…
Explain the point of significant figures & know how to use
them
You’ll know you’ve got it when you
can complete the worksheet
Significant Figures
 Sometimes
not all of the digits in a number have
meaning.



300,000 people live in Pittsburgh.
The city spent $6.2 million dollars on signs.
I weigh 150 lbs.
Significant Figures
Significant Figures
 When
decisions and calculations are made based
on numbers, it is important to know which of these
figures have meaning.
 Ex.
The city wants to know how much more in taxes it
would make if it enforced a mandatory $1.80 fee on all
300,000 people living in Pittsburgh.
 Science
is one of these times.
 Chemicals
are expensive. You want to make sure you
know how much of each chemical to mix together to
cause a complete reaction.
Significant Figures
 Ex.
The city wants to know how much more in
taxes it would make if it enforced a mandatory
$1.75 fee on all 300,000 people living in
Pittsburgh.
 300,000 x $1.75 = $525,000
 287,302
x $1.75 = $502,778.50
Significant Figures
What’s the difference between 4 cm and 4.00 cm?
Significant Figures
 Significant
 Digits
Figures
in a number that have meaning
 Measured numbers can never be completely precise
Decimal point Present
Count from Pacific side, starting with 1st nonzero & counting all
numbers afterwards
0.00067
4.0
4.00
4.000
807.50
0.500
0.202
9.80 x 106
Decimal point Absent
Count from Atlantic side, starting with 1st nonzero & counting all
numbers afterwards
670
45 000
890
8000
8 000 000 000
72 001
8001
2.00 x 106
500
500.
2.00
0.00580
5 000 000 000
892.0
0.0058
100.50
Some numbers have infinite sig figs
Exact Conversions
1 mi = 5,280 ft
1 kg = 1000 g
Counted numbers (when not estimated/rounded)
4 monkeys
8 cars
Bell Work 9/24/13 – 2 minutes
Put your homework upsidedown on your desk.
How many sig. figs in the following?
1. 5500
2. 1.0
3. 2.50
4. 525,600
5. 5.90 x 108
6. 0.000 055 0
7. 1,000,000,000
Bell Work 9/28/12 – minutes
3.
Kilo means __________
Centi means ___________
Milli means ____________
4.
(0.02500)(2.0) = 0.05
5.
(12 000)(3) = 36 000
6.
(80.00) ÷ (2.00) = 40
1.
2.
Today’s Schedule
Return & Review Quiz
Check & Review HW
Multiplying & Dividing Sig Figs
Rounding Sig Figs
Sig Fig & Scientific Notation
Finish Wkst
Bell Work 9/26/13 – 2 minutes
Put your homework upsidedown on your desk.
Round to the correct number of sig figs.
1. 5500 x 2 = 11 000
2. 5500 x 2.0 = 11 000
3. 8.000 x 3 = 24
4. 8.000 x 3.0 = 24
5. 8.000 x 3.00 = 24
6. 800.0 x 3.00 = 2400
Today’s Schedule
Check HW
Multiplying & Dividing Sig Figs
Rounding Sig Figs
Sig Fig & Scientific Notation
Accuracy & precision
Density!
Rounding Sig Figs
3 Sig Fig
521.2
448.6
0.086705
48 000
2 Sig Figs
1 Sig Figs
Multiplying & Dividing Sig Figs
Round your answer to have the same number of sig
figs as the least precise number.
(525.5)(10.0)
(0.4020)(3.0)
(0.086705)(3.20)(2.0)
(48 000) / (2)
Measure this pencil!
Rules of Significant Figures
 Measuring
 Estimate
with a ruler/meter stick
1 digit beyond the smallest unit of the
device.
 Place the object at 0, not the end of the ruler!
Rules of Significant Figures
 Measuring
 Estimate
device.
1 digit beyond the smallest unit of the
Measuring Volume!
 Measure
them!
length, width, and height and multiply
Measuring Volume in a Graduated
Cylinder
 Make
sure to:
 Notice
the scale!
 Get “eye level” with the G.C.
 Read the bottom of the meniscus
 Estimate one digit
Measuring Area of a Rectangle
1.
2.
3.
Measure the sides of the rectangle.
Multiply them together.
Round to the correct number of sig figs.
Measuring Volume
 If
the object is irregular, use the water
displacement method.
 Put
some water in a graduated cylinder
 Record the water level
 Add the object
 Record the new water level
 Subtract to find volume of object!
Bell Ringer 10/2/12 – 5 min
1. 12.0 x 2 =
2.
3.
4.
6. Draw this graduated
Cylinder with 11.77 ml
of water in it.
5.
ANYONE
ALLERGIC TO
CHOCOLATE CHIP COOKIES?
HUH…I GUESS MR. MURRAY
COULD HAVE BROUGHT SOME :P
Bell Work 9/10/10 – 6 minutes
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Get your homework out…do not work on it after
the tardy bell rings!
Define mass in your own words. (C.S.)
Define volume in your own words. (C.S.)
Compare and contrast mass and weight. (C.S.)
Convert 550 cm3 to mL.
Bell Work 9/20 – 5 minutes
1
km = __________ m kilo means ___________
 1 m = __________ cm centi means ___________
 1m = __________ mm milli means ___________
 Convert




the following…
3.23 kg = _________ g
80.5 hm = ___________ cm
0.055 mL = ______________ kL
1155 nm = _________ mm
% Error
 Percentages
depend on the reference point. A
McDonalds large pop contains 960 mL (32 oz). A
medium contains 720 mL (24 oz). Using
percentages,
 How
much more soda is in the large than the medium?
 How
much less pop is in the medium than the large?
% Error  How wrong are you?
 Take
the value you got minus the true value (the
right answer). Then divide that by the true value.
Then multiply that by 100.
(Observed Value - True Value)

Percent Error =
-------------------------------------------- x 100%
True Value
% Error
 When
finding percent error in an experiment, you
use the accepted value as your reference point.
% Error  How wrong are you?
 If
your percent error is positive, your value was too
_________.
 If
your percent error is negative, your value was too
______.
Find the % error of the following
You got: 37.5 g/mL Actual Value: 39.3 g/mL
You got: 1,240 kg
Actual Value: 1,310 kg
3. An object “should” have a density of 26.3 g/mL.
According to your lab, it has a density of 33.9 g/mL.
4. You found a density of 54.8 g/mL. According to
research, the substance has a density of 51.4 g/mL.
5. Though the accepted value is 803 g, according
to your measurements the object has a mass
Of 822 g.
28.9%
Adding & Subtracting Sig Figs
Round your answer to be as precise as the least precise
number.
61.00 / 10.000
61.00 / 10
(0.086705)(3.20)(2.0)
(48 000) / (2)
Mr & Mrs. Know It All
A crocodile cannot stick out its tongue
Bell Ringer 9/14 – 3 minutes
Identify the SI and English unit that would be used to measure…
1.
Length of:
A. Your foot
C. from here to Irwin
E. an eyelash
2.
Volume of:
A. Your head
C. The school
3.
B. A football field
D. from here to California
F. a cell
B. A thimble
D. a cell
Mass of:
A. Your head!
C. The building
B. a bowling ball
D. an eyelash
Reading Strategies
 Highlight
key points
 Sound out words
 Look later in sentence/reading for meaning of words
 Write notes in margin – what you don’t understand or
think
 Reread
 Simplify/summarize
 Replace words
 Chunking