3 – COLD
WAR
SPREADS
TO ASIA
CHINA, KOREA, VIETNAM
PREVIEW OF EVENTS
1946
October 1949
September 1949
June 1950
French-Vietminh
War begins
People’s Republic
of china
established
Soviets enter
Nuclear Arms
race
Korean War
begins
CIVIL WAR AND
REVOLUTION IN CHINA
REVIEW: #41
1. 1920s – Mao Zedong leads communist forces
•
Against Chiang Kai Shek – leader of China’s
Nationalist gov’t
2. During WWII – set aside civil war to resist
Japanese occupation
3. End WWII – Civil war continues
•
Mao makes great gains – still doesn’t succeed
CIVIL WAR AND
REVOLUTION IN CHINA
CONT.
4. Mid-1940s – US sends $2 billion in aid to
Nationalists
•
Money was wasted b/c of poor military planning
and corruption
5. By 1949 – US discontinued aid to Chinese
Nationalists
6. October 1949 – Communists win = establishes
People’s Republic of China
•
Nationalist leaders flee to Taiwan (AKA
Formosa)
AFTER THE FALL OF
CHINA
REVIEW: #11
• America shocked by China’s fall to communism
• September 1949
• Soviets announce successful atomic bomb test
• Soviets enter Nuclear Arms Race
• Early 1950s
• People’s Republic of China & Soviet Union sign treaty
Friendship and Alliance
• Western leaders fear that China and Soviet Union support
communist revolutions in other nations
• US kept formal relations with Nationalists
• US used veto powers to keep New Communist China out
of UN
AFTER FALL OF CHINA
CONT.
REVIEW: #36
• Chinese revolution brought significant change in
American policy toward Japan at end of WWII
• Douglas MacArthur took charge of Japan – introduce
democracy
• After loss of China  moved towards rapid recovery of
Japan’s industrial economy
• Japan = key to defend Asia
• West Germany = Key to defend Europe
BEGINNING OF
KOREAN WAR
• End of WWII  US and USSR forces enter Korea to disarm
Japanese troops
• Allies divide Korea at the 38th parallel of latitude
North Korea
• Controlled by
Soviets
• Communist
Korean
government
South Korea
• American troops
stationed
• American-backed
government
BEGINNING OF
KOREAN WAR CONT.
REVIEW: #20
• Problems
•
1. Both governments claimed authority
2. Border clashes were common
3. Soviets gave North Koreans military aid  quickly built
large, well equipped army
June 20, 1950 = North Korean troops invade south
UN INTERVENES
REVIEW: #21
• Truman  saw North Korean invasion as test of
containment policy
• Ordered US naval and air power into action
• Truman called UN to act
•
Call was successful because Soviet delegates
were boycotting the security council over policy
on China  not present to veto American
proposal
• General Douglas MacArthur was ordered to send
troops from Japan to Korea
• US troops and South Korean troops able to resist
Korean onslaught at Pusan Perimeter = bought
time for MacArthur
I’m
coming!
ATTACKS ON NORTH
KOREA
1. September 15, 1950
•
MacArthur ordered an invasion
behind enemy lines of Inchon =
took North Koreans by surprise
2. Within weeks  North Koreans full
retreat across 38th
3. Truman ordered to pursue beyond
38th
4. MacArthur pushes North Koreans to
Yalu River
CHINA ENTERS THE
WAR
• Communist Chinese feared advancing UN troops
• Warned forces to halt = was ignored
• November 1950 – China launch massive attack across
Yalu River
• 100,000 Chinese troops flooded  drove UN forces back
• MacArthur was angry, wanted approval to expand war
against China  asked to blockade Chinese ports, use
Nationalist forces, and use the atomic bomb
TRUMAN FIRES
MACARTHUR
REVIEW: #36
• Truman refuses MacArthur’s demands
• MacArthur persisted  publicly criticized president
• Truman wanted to show that president was in charge
• April 1951 – Fires MacArthur for insubordination
• MacArthur remained popular – returned a hero
CHANGES IN
TRUMAN’S POLICY
REVIEW: #22
• Matthew Ridgway replaces MacArthur
• By mid-1951 UN forces push Chinese and North Korean
forces back across 38th parallel
• War settled down – still small battles
• November 1951 – peace negotiations began, but war did
not end
• Beginning of Korean War marked important turning point
in the Cold War
Before Korean War
1. US preferred political pressure
2. US focused on Europe in
containing communism
After Korean War
1. Cold War expanded in Asia
2. US became militarily involved in
Asia
INTRO TO FIRST
INDOCHINA WAR
REVIEW: #38, 23
• French Occupation – Early 17th century French
colonization
• Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos = French Indochina
• Early 1990s
• Nationalism became a powerful force in Vietnam
• Several political parties formed to push for independence
or reform the French colonial government
• Ho Chi Minh
• One of the nationalist leaders
• At 21  sailed for Europe
• Visited Soviet Union  found communism
INTRO TO FIRST
INDOCHINA WAR
REVIEW: #25
• 1930
• Returned to SE Asia and founded Indochinese communist
party = worked to overthrow French
•
Became a wanted man fled and spent years exiled in
Soviet Union and China
• 1941
• Returned to Japanese occupied Vietnam
• Ho Chi Minh organized nationalist group called Vietminh
• Group united communists and non-communists to fight
Japanese
• US began sending military aid to Vietminh
INTRO TO FIRST
INDOCHINA WAR CONT.
•
August 1945
•
•
•
Japanese surrendered control of Indochina
Ho Chi Minh announced that Vietnam was an independent
nation
• Created a Declaration of Independence = similar to American
Declaration of Independence
• French refused to see Vietnam become independent 
wanted to regain colonial empire in SE Asia
1946
•
•
French troops returned to Vietnam and pushed Vietminh
forces into hiding in countryside
1949
•
•
•
French officials set up new government in Vietnam
Vietminh fought back
Fighting escalated = France asked US for aid
INTRO TO FIRST
INDOCHINESE WAR
REVIEW: #26
• Truman administration
• United States was in difficult position
•
•
Was opposed of colonialism
Also opposed of Vietnam’s independence movement due
to ties with communist movement
• 2 events convinced Truman to help France
1. Fall of China to communism
2. Outbreak of Korean War
CAUSES AND EFFECTS
OF THE COLD WAR
CAUSES
•
•
•
Soviet Union controls
Eastern Europe after
WWII
Chinese Communists
win control of China
US and Soviet Union
explode atomic bomb
•
•
•
•
•
EFFECTS
Marshall Plan
provides aid to
Western Europe
Western nations
form NATO;
Communist nations
form Warsaw Pact
Korean War erupts
American and
Soviet arms race
begins
Red Scare leads to
hunt for
Communists in US