Innate Defenses: Inflammation Q&A 1 - When a pathogen enters your body, what NONSPECIFIC reaction occurs? Inflammation 2 – Which line of body defense is inflammation? 2nd 3 – Which system response comprises of the following: - Initiates response to pathogen or injury - Walls off dangerous pathogens - Enhances immune response - Destroy & remove debris - Repairs & heals wounds Inflammatory system 4 – Body defense lines: 1st Skin 2nd Inflammatory Nonspecific 3rd Immune Specific 5 – Inflammation responds to body tissues that undergo what? Immune reaction Injury Ischemic damage 6 – Infectious microbes, trauma or surgery, caustic chemicals and extremes of heat/cold may cause what nonspecific response? Inflammatory response 7 – Two basic patterns of inflammation are? Acute & Chronic 8 – This is the EARLY response to inflammation Acute Inflammation *Note: Review Figures: Sequence of events –inflammation & Sequence of Wound healing 9 – What are 5 Cardinal signs to inflammation? Pain Heat Redness Swelling Loss of function 10 – This nonspecific pattern of inflammation occurs BEFORE the immune response Acute 11 – Two major components of this pattern consists of- Vascular & Cellular stages Acute inflammation 12 – What are 2 major components to Acute inflammation? Vascular & Cellular Acute Inflammation Vascular level Cellular level IMMEDIATE changes- 5 Cardinal signs seen here LEUKOCYTES classes Granulocytes: “granules in cytoplasm” Vasodilation: erythemia (red), heat Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils Vasoconstriction: pain, loss of function, Mobile --Biochemical --Contains edema (swell) Get there first Response patterns 1) Immediate transient 15-30 min 2) Immediate sustained 3) Delayed hemodynamic mediators: serotonin & histamine --Control vascular response histamine --Control vascular response Monocytes/Macrophages -ECF Mast cells 13 – A patient with an allergic reaction would have which leukocyte/biochemical mediator increased? Eosinophils incr histamine 14 – Where are Monocytes found in the Cellular inflammatory stage? Extracellular fluid (ECF) 15 – A shift to the left is a hallmark of what? Neutrophil hallmark (PMN) or bands 16 – These leukocytes are: predominantly phagocytic cells in the early inflammation response, short-lived, constantly replaced (requires leukocytosis). PMN 17 – the primary role of this short-lived phagocytic cell- PMN Remove debris (bacteria phagocytic) 18 – a patient with increased bands indicates what? Incr baby neutrophils Bacterial infection 19 – these blood cells are the largest, longest life span than Granulocytes, lives in ECF/interstitial space & migrates to the inflammatory site where it develops into a macrophage Monocyte 20 - __________ have the same function as PMNs, engulfing foreign bodies Monocytes 21 – Where are (inactivated) monocytes found? ECF/interstitial space 22 – leukocytes that engulf larger, greater amounts of foreign material than neutrophils, that also mature from monocytes are called? Macrophage 23 – these blood cells secrete mediators that promote tissue re-growth and healing angiogenesis & fibroblasts, also signals hallmark of chronic inflammation Macrophage 24 – Which WBCs surrounds & walls off foreign material that cannot be digested? a. Which pattern of inflammation? Macrophage a. Chronic inflammation hallmark 25 - Answer the following: 1. What are the five cardinal signs of inflammation? 2. The difference between hemodynamic & cellular phases of inflammation? a. Acute & Chronic 3. Describe the types of inflammatory exudates 4. The role of the complement system 5. Characteristics of acute-phase response 6. Parenchymal vs. Stromal 7. The difference between healing by primary & secondary intention 8. Trace the would-healing process (through inflammation—proliferative—remodel phases)