Innate Defenses: Inflammation Q&A
1 - When a pathogen enters your body, what
NONSPECIFIC reaction occurs?
Inflammation
2 – Which line of body defense is inflammation?
2nd
3 – Which system response comprises of the
following:
- Initiates response to pathogen or injury
- Walls off dangerous pathogens
- Enhances immune response
- Destroy & remove debris
- Repairs & heals wounds
Inflammatory system
4 – Body defense lines:
1st Skin
2nd Inflammatory  Nonspecific
3rd Immune  Specific
5 – Inflammation responds to body tissues that
undergo what?
Immune reaction
Injury
Ischemic damage
6 – Infectious microbes, trauma or surgery,
caustic chemicals and extremes of heat/cold
may cause what nonspecific response?
Inflammatory response
7 – Two basic patterns of inflammation are?
Acute & Chronic
8 – This is the EARLY response to inflammation
Acute Inflammation
*Note: Review Figures: Sequence of events –inflammation & Sequence of Wound healing
9 – What are 5 Cardinal signs to inflammation?
Pain
Heat
Redness
Swelling
Loss of function
10 – This nonspecific pattern of inflammation
occurs BEFORE the immune response
Acute
11 – Two major components of this pattern
consists of- Vascular & Cellular stages
Acute inflammation
12 – What are 2 major components to Acute
inflammation?
Vascular & Cellular
Acute Inflammation
Vascular level
Cellular level
IMMEDIATE changes- 5 Cardinal signs seen here
LEUKOCYTES classes Granulocytes: “granules in cytoplasm”
 Vasodilation: erythemia (red), heat
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
 Vasoconstriction: pain, loss of function,
Mobile
--Biochemical
--Contains
edema (swell)
Get there first
Response patterns
1) Immediate transient 15-30 min
2) Immediate sustained
3) Delayed hemodynamic


mediators:
serotonin &
histamine
--Control vascular
response
histamine
--Control
vascular
response
Monocytes/Macrophages -ECF
Mast cells
13 – A patient with an allergic reaction would
have which leukocyte/biochemical mediator
increased?
Eosinophils  incr histamine
14 – Where are Monocytes found in the Cellular
inflammatory stage?
Extracellular fluid (ECF)
15 – A shift to the left is a hallmark of what?
Neutrophil hallmark (PMN) or bands
16 – These leukocytes are: predominantly
phagocytic cells in the early inflammation
response, short-lived, constantly replaced
(requires leukocytosis).
PMN
17 – the primary role of this short-lived
phagocytic cell- PMN
Remove debris (bacteria phagocytic)
18 – a patient with increased bands indicates
what?
Incr baby neutrophils  Bacterial infection
19 – these blood cells are the largest, longest life
span than Granulocytes, lives in ECF/interstitial
space & migrates to the inflammatory site where
it develops into a macrophage
Monocyte
20 - __________ have the same function as PMNs,
engulfing foreign bodies
Monocytes
21 – Where are (inactivated) monocytes found?
ECF/interstitial space
22 – leukocytes that engulf larger, greater
amounts of foreign material than neutrophils,
that also mature from monocytes are called?
Macrophage
23 – these blood cells secrete mediators that
promote tissue re-growth and healing 
angiogenesis & fibroblasts, also signals
hallmark of chronic inflammation
Macrophage
24 – Which WBCs surrounds & walls off foreign
material that cannot be digested?
a. Which pattern of inflammation?
Macrophage
a. Chronic inflammation hallmark
25 -
Answer the following:
1. What are the five cardinal signs of inflammation?
2. The difference between hemodynamic & cellular phases of inflammation?
a. Acute & Chronic
3. Describe the types of inflammatory exudates
4. The role of the complement system
5. Characteristics of acute-phase response
6. Parenchymal vs. Stromal
7. The difference between healing by primary & secondary intention
8. Trace the would-healing process (through inflammation—proliferative—remodel phases)