AFAMS Master Lesson Plan (MLP)
Nursing Program
The Brain and Cranial Nerves
Instructor
Serial/Semester
Location
Start/Finish Time
Date
LESSON OBJECTIVE
Performance: Describe the principal anatomical and functional features of the brain, cranial meninges,
and blood supply and the formation and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Conditions:
The student will be presented a powerpoint presentation by the instructor and will have
all necessary references made available to him/her.
Standard:
1.
The student will be expected to describe the below information included within the
teaching points to the instructor at the end of the lesson and in a written exam.
TEACHING POINTS
1. Describe the brain organization and blood
supply.
2. Describe the cerebrospinal fluid.
3. Describe position and tracts of the brain stem
parts.
4. Describe the cerebellum functions.
5.
6.
Describe the diencephalon regions, structures,
connections and operation.
Describe the folding of the cerebrum.
7.
Describe the cerebral cortex areas abd
functions.
8. Identify and describe the cranial nerves.
9. Describe the developmental anatomy of the
nervous system.
10. Describe the effects of aging on the nervous
system.
11. Describe the homeostatic imbalances
associated with the central nervous system.
12. Define medical terminology associated with
the central nervous system.
INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGY
Interactive Lecture
Method:
Instructor and Print (including PowerPoint Presentation)
Media:
Classroom
Environment:
OTHER LESSON SPECIFICATIONS
Knowledge Lesson
Type of Lesson:
1/50
Ratio:
Resources:
Power point handouts.
End of Lesson Test: None
Minutes
Instructional Time: 335
Reference(s):
Tortora, Grabowski: Principles of Anatomy and
Physiology, 9th Edition. Chapter 14.
LESSON PLAN APPROVAL
Signature of Standards Officer
Date
AFAMS Master Lesson Plan (MLP)
Nursing Program
The Brain and Cranial Nerves
INTRODUCTION
Allocated Time:
Review:
5 Minutes
You have had previous lectures on anatomy and physiology during the Combat
medic course, this lecture will built upon what you have already learned.
Objective:
This chapter presents the principal anatomical and functional features of
the brain, cranial meninges, and blood supply and the formation and
circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Also discussed are the
electroencephalogram (EEG),hemispheric lateralization, the locations
and functions of the cranial nerves, developmental anatomy of the
nervous system, and the effects of aging on the nervous system. The
disorders of the nervous system that are covered include cerebrovascular
accident (CVA), transient ischemic attack (TIA), and Alzheimer's
disease (AD). Clinical applications covered include breaching the
blood-brain barrier, hydrocephalus, injury of the medulla, brain injuries,
dental anesthesia, and aphasia.
Importance:
Nurses work in different health care setting so it is important to gain an
understainding of this subject as it will apply to clinical setting.
Fit:
This is the fourteenth chapter on anatomy and physiology.
Approach:
You will be presented the subject in a lecture format and will be tested using a
written exam at a later date.
Control Statement:
If you have any questions during the lesson please feel free to ask.
BODY
1. Teaching Point: Describe the brain organization and blood supply.
Minutes
Allocated Time:
We will now go over the brain organization and blood supply.
Introduction:
Learner Participation:
Knowledge Lesson Please follow along with your handouts and take notes.
Skill Lesson
Powerpoint presentation with associated handouts.
Learning Support:
1. Give an overview of the capacity of the brain as it determines the activities of one's life.
Major Parts of the Brain
2. Introduce the principle parts of the brain in terms of their relative positions and
connections.
Blood Flow and the Blood-Brain Barrier
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AFAMS Master Lesson Plan (MLP)
Nursing Program
The Brain and Cranial Nerves
3. Describe the blood supply to the brain and the concept of the blood-brain barrier and the
effect of their compromise.
4. Discuss how the blood-brain barrier can be breached.
Protective Coverings of the Brain
5. Identify the three layers of the meninges and their extensions that surround the brain and
spinal cord.
2. Teaching Point: Describe the cerebrospinal fluid.
Minutes
Allocated Time:
We will now go over the cerebrospinal fluid.
Introduction:
Learner Participation:
Knowledge Lesson Please follow along with your handouts and take notes.
Skill Lesson
Powerpoint presentation with associated handouts.
Learning Support:
Formation of Cerebrospinal Fluid in the Ventricles
6. Explain the formation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the ventricles
7. List the functions the CSF performs to protect the central nervous system.
Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid
8. Discuss the circulation of CSF through the ventricles, spaces, and associated structures
along the fluid's path back to the blood.
9. Describe the physical and physiological manifestations that occur when a channel of the
ventricles becomes obstructed.
3. Teaching Point: Describe position and tracts of the brain stem parts.
Minutes
Allocated Time:
We will now go over the position and tracts of the brain stem parts.
Introduction:
Learner Participation:
Knowledge Lesson Please follow along with your handouts and take notes.
Skill Lesson
Powerpoint presentation with associated handouts.
Learning Support:
Medulla Oblongata
10. Describe the position and identify of tracts, peduncles, cranial nerves, and nuclei of the
medulla oblongata, and then discuss their connections and functions within the medulla
and with other systems of the body.
11. Identify the vital reflex centers of the medulla oblongata and their functions.
12. Describe the consequences of injury to the medulla.
Pons
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AFAMS Master Lesson Plan (MLP)
Nursing Program
The Brain and Cranial Nerves
13. Describe the position and identify of tracts, peduncles, cranial nerves, and nuclei of the
pons, and then discuss their connections and functions within the pons and with other
systems of the body.
14. Identify centers in the pons that coordinate with specific centers in the medulla to control
respiration.
Midbrain
15. Describe the position and identify of tracts, peduncles, cranial nerves, and nuclei of the
midbrain, and then discuss their connections and functions within the medulla and with
other systems of the body.
16. Indicate the distribution and connections of nuclei that constitute the reticular formation
and the purpose of their interactions with other areas of the spinal cord and brain.
Knowledge Lesson:
Skill Lesson:
Check on Learning
In a knowledge lesson, pose questions to the class.
In a skill lesson, provide practice and watch students perform a skill.
4. Teaching Point: Describe the cerebellum functions.
Minutes
Allocated Time:
We will now go over the cerebellum functions.
Introduction:
Learner Participation:
Knowledge Lesson Please follow along with your handouts and take notes.
Skill Lesson
Powerpoint presentation with associated handouts.
Learning Support:
17. Specify the anatomic arrangement of the cerebellum relative to the rest of the brain, then
describe its internal and surface features and how these features are involved with the
overall duty of the cerebellum with respect to its interconnections to other movement
control centers.
5. Teaching Point: Describe the diencephalon regions, structures, connections and operation.
Minutes
Allocated Time:
We will now go over the diencephalon regions, structures, connections and
Introduction:
operation.
Learner Participation:
Knowledge Lesson Please follow along with your handouts and take notes.
Skill Lesson
Powerpoint presentation with associated handouts.
Learning Support:
18. Discuss the general regions, structures, connections, and operation of the diencephalon.
Thalamus
19. Establish the position, connections, and general nuclear areas of the thalamus, and note
their job in processing and transmitting neural impulses.
Hypothalamus
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AFAMS Master Lesson Plan (MLP)
Nursing Program
The Brain and Cranial Nerves
20. Examine the numerous surface structures and regions of the hypothalamus along with
their functions.
21. Explain how the hypothalamus interacts with other components of the nervous system to
regulate the homeostasis of the autonomic nervous system, pituitary/endocrine system,
behavior, nourishment, body temperature, and diurnal rhythms.
Epithalamus
22. Discuss the pineal gland and habenular nuclei of the epithalamus in terms of location and
function. \
Subthalamus
23. Discuss the location of the subthalamus, the subthalamic tracts and nuclei, and their
function.
Circumventricular Organs
24. Discuss the location and function of the circumventricular organs.
6. Teaching Point: Describe the folding of the cerebrum.
Minutes
Allocated Time:
We will now go over the folding of the cerebrum.
Introduction:
Learner Participation:
Knowledge Lesson Please follow along with your handouts and take notes.
Skill Lesson
Powerpoint presentation with associated handouts.
Learning Support:
25. Describe the folding of the cerebral cortex and the reasons for the folds.
Lobes of the Cerebrum
26. Discuss the locations of the cerebral lobes with respect to the topical landmarks.
Cerebral White Matter
27. Describe the pathway destinations for the three types of white matter tracts within the
cerebrum.
Basal Ganglia
28. Identify and locate the nuclei of the basal ganglia within the cortical structures, and
discuss their relation to subthalamic nuclei in facilitating certain types of movements.
The Limbic System
29. List the component structures of the limbic system, and discuss their contribution to
behavioral responses and mental functions.
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AFAMS Master Lesson Plan (MLP)
Nursing Program
The Brain and Cranial Nerves
30. Discuss the effects of brain injury and the degrees of injury.
7. Teaching Point: Describe the cerebral cortex areas abd functions.
Minutes
Allocated Time:
Introduction:
We will now go over the cerebral cortex areas abd functions.
Learner Participation:
Knowledge Lesson Please follow along with your handouts and take notes.
Skill Lesson
Powerpoint presentation with associated handouts.
Learning Support:
31. Note that specific areas of the brain have identifiable functions that correspond to
sensory, motor, and associative capacities.
Sensory Areas
32. Define the location, interconnections, and purpose of the somatosensory region, in
addition to the primary sensory areas for the visual, auditory, gustatory, and olfactory
systems.
Motor Areas
33. Locate the primary motor area on the cortex and indicate the types of movements it
directs.
34. Locate the language areas of the cortex and the other areas with which they communicate
in the integration of information and the written or articulated expression of language.
Association Areas
35. Explain the principle function of cortical association areas and how they are anatomically
related to primary sensory and motor areas.
36. Describe how the thought processes occurring in the gnostic area of the parietal lobe
differ from other association areas.
37. Discuss the causes, signs, and problems associated with aphasia.
Hemispheric Lateralization
38. Discuss the functional asymmetry of the brain.
Brain Waves
39. Attribute the origins, electrical characteristics, and mental states associated with the EEG
waves.
8. Teaching Point: Identify and describe the cranial nerves.
Minutes
Allocated Time:
We will now go over the cranial nerves.
Introduction:
Learner Participation:
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AFAMS Master Lesson Plan (MLP)
Nursing Program
The Brain and Cranial Nerves
Knowledge Lesson
Skill Lesson
Learning Support:
Please follow along with your handouts and take notes.
PowerPoint presentation with associated handouts.
40. Define a cranial nerve and identify the 12 pairs of cranial nerves by name, number, type,
location, and function.
41. Describe the cranial nerves anesthesized during dental procedures.
9. Teaching Point: Describe the developmental anatomy of the nervous system.
Minutes
Allocated Time:
We will now go over the developmental anatomy of the nervous system.
Introduction:
Learner Participation:
Knowledge Lesson Please follow along with your handouts and take notes.
Skill Lesson
Powerpoint presentation with associated handouts.
Learning Support:
42. Describe the etiology of neural cells from the embryonic disk to the mature state during
development of the nervous system.
10. Teaching Point: Describe the effects of aging on the nervous system.
Minutes
Allocated Time:
We will now go over the effects of aging on the nervous system.
Introduction:
Learner Participation:
Knowledge Lesson Please follow along with your handouts and take notes.
Skill Lesson
Powerpoint presentation with associated handouts.
Learning Support:
43. Describe the effects of aging on the nervous system.
11. Teaching Point: Describe the homeostatic imbalances associated with the central nervous system.
Minutes
Allocated Time:
We will now go over the homeostatic imbalances associated with the central
Introduction:
nervous system.
Learner Participation:
Knowledge Lesson Please follow along with your handouts and take notes.
Skill Lesson
Powerpoint presentation with associated handouts.
Learning Support:
44. List the clinical symptoms of these disorders of the nervous system: cerebrovascular
accident (CVA), transient ischemic attack (TIA), and Alzheimer's disease.
12. Teaching Point: Define the medical terminology associated with the central nervous system.
Minutes
Allocated Time:
We will now go over the medical terminology associated with the central
Introduction:
nervous system.
Learner Participation:
Knowledge Lesson Please follow along with your handouts and take notes.
Skill Lesson
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AFAMS Master Lesson Plan (MLP)
Nursing Program
The Brain and Cranial Nerves
Learning Support:
Powerpoint presentation with associated handouts.
34. Define medical terminology associated with the central nervous system.
Knowledge Lesson:
Skill Lesson:
Check on Learning
In a knowledge lesson, pose questions to the class.
In a skill lesson, provide practice and watch students perform a skill.
END OF LESSON TEST
Allocated Time:
Instructions:
Test Questions or
Performance
Expected:
Test Key:
0 Minutes
You will tested on this subject at a later date.
You will be expected to review and study the material taught in this section in
order to pass the associated written test. If you have difficulty with the material
please see me so we can review together.
CONCLUSION
Allocated Time:
Summary:
5 Minutes
Review and re-emphasize the difficult Teaching Points below.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Describe the brain organization and blood supply.
Describe the cerebrospinal fluid.
Describe position and tracts of the brain stem parts.
Describe the cerebellum functions.
Describe the diencephalon regions, structures, connections and
operation.
Describe the folding of the cerebrum.
Describe the cerebral cortex areas abd functions.
Identify and describe the cranial nerves.
Describe the developmental anatomy of the nervous system.
Describe the effects of aging on the nervous system.
Describe the homeostatic imbalances associated with the central nervous
system.
Define medical terminology associated with the central nervous system.
Closing Statement:
Nurses work in different health care setting so it is important to gain an
understainding of this subject as it will apply to clinical setting.
Re-motivating
Statement:
You will be able to utilize this information taught today in all clinical settings.
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