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Energy Management Planning © 2001, 1999 Introduction Alan R. Mulak, PE 29 Ernie’s Drive Littleton, MA 01460 (978) 486-4484 amulak@comcast.net © 2001, 1999 Introduction 1. 2. 3. 4. Thank you Credits! My Opinion Schedule © 2001, 1999 EMP Seminar Outline Today’s Schedule: 1. Before you begin the EMP…ask who, what, when, why, how. 2. First Steps…create the team, gather materials. 3. Next Steps… benchmarking, and energy audits. 4. Study the findings and make recommendations. 5. What will it cost? What will it save? 6. Finally, pulling it all together © 2001, 1999 Why do we need an EMP? December 1, 2005 Electricity costs to skyrocket By DAVID SCHOETZ STAFF WRITER BARNSTABLE - The cost of the electricity supply for Cape Cod and Martha's Vineyard homeowners will increase by 81 percent starting with December meter readings. The cost of the actual electricity on residential bills will climb from 7.132 cents per kilowatt hour to 12.92 cents…. (Cape Cod Times) © 2001, 1999 Why do we need an EMP? Electric Costs per kwhr $0.25 $0.20 $0.15 $0.10 $0.05 $86 © 2001, 1999 96 06 Why do we need an EMP? © 2001, 1999 What if…? What if you are asked to develop an Energy Management Plan? Is it Mission Impossible? © 2001, 1999 Before you begin… •Who wants the report? •Why do they want it? •When do they want it by? •What language do they speak? •How much do you want to spend? © 2001, 1999 Before you begin… Form a team! Choose wisely! © 2001, 1999 Before you begin… Who should be on your “Dream” Team? © 2001, 1999 First Step Meetings 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Invite only those who need to be there Send them an agenda ahead of time Start on time Stick to the agenda Take notes Assign action items – everyone should get one Adjourn on time Issue minutes © 2001, 1999 First Step Gather Materials • Energy bills: All fuels for at least 3 years. • Graphs! Pictures are truly worth 1000 words. • Drawings: Both building and equipment. • Physical descriptions, occupancy patterns, age, etc. • Pictures! • Specifications (if available) for all major equipment. • Preventative Maintenance program summary. • Written O&M Procedures. © 2001, 1999 First Step Demand 500 kVA 400 300 200 100 0 Sep Aug Electric Usage 200000 kwhrs 150000 100000 50000 0 Sep Aug Jul © 2001, 1999 Jun May Apr Mar Feb Jan Dec Nov Oct Jul Jun May Apr Mar Feb Jan Dec Nov Oct First Step Gas Usage 6000 5000 4000 Second Dist Superior 3000 Probate First Dist 2000 1000 DHW, 7% Plug Load, 21% Lighting, 39% AC, 31% © 2001, 1999 p0 5 5 Se l-0 Ju M ay -0 5 -0 5 M ar n05 Ja 04 ov - 4 N p0 Ju Misc, 2% Se l-0 4 0 Next Steps Benchmark • Compare your buildings to each other and similar facilities. • Good performers? • See EPA Energy Star Building Portfolio Manager • https://www.energystar.gov © 2001, 1999 Eligible Building Types Hotels Schools Office Buildings Courthouse Medical Offices Hospitals Grocery Stores Dormitories © 2001, 1999 Warehouses Not All Buildings are Equal Building Type Average Energy Use Intensity (Annual BTU/sq ft.) Unrefrigerated Warehouse 25.9 Refrigerated Warehouse 56.8 K-12 School 112.5 Economy/Budget Hotel 112.9 Residence Hall 155.2 Midscale w/o food and bev. 162.7 Office (Bank Branch) 173 Medical Office 177 Upscale Hotel 183.2 Upper Upscale Hotel 186.5 Midscale w/food and bev. 192.9 Office (Courthouse) 205 Office (General) 214.8 Office (Financial Center) 229.7 Supermarket Hospital © 2001, 1999 339 441.4 What Does a Rating Tell us? © 2001, 1999 Fuel Efficiency: Energy Efficiency: MPG 1 - 100 Employing Portfolio Manager Screening tool n Identify poor performing buildings in need of improvements Scoping Tool n Use the generated score to determine course of action Evaluation Tool n Track and measure building improvements Energy Management Tool n n Monitor building performance over time Track building performance across all facilities © 2001, 1999 Determining a Course of Action © 2001, 1999 Before You Start: Collect Data Mandatory Data Needs • Zip code (to normalize data for weather) • Gross square footage of facility (includes secondary spaces) • 1 year of energy data (all fuel types) Helpful Data • (defaults may be used in lieu of this info to generate a rating) • Number of occupants • Number of PCs • Others (depending on space type) © 2001, 1999 Getting Started: www.energystar.gov © 2001, 1999 Login or New User? © 2001, 1999 Eligible Space Types Note: Effective Date MUST be the same as the first date of the billing cycle for which you enter information. © 2001, 1999 Energy Meters © 2001, 1999 Meter Type/Unit © 2001, 1999 Beginning Date of Bills © 2001, 1999 Electricity Usage © 2001, 1999 Results © 2001, 1999 Questions? Contact: 1-888-STAR-YES energystarbuildings@epa.gov www.energystar.gov © 2001, 1999 Award © 2001, 1999 Next, the Energy Audit • Energy Audits: walk through vs. comprehensive energy audits • Smoking guns? Ask your team! • What can your utility tell you? • COM Check at www.energycodes.gov for code compliance and energy power density • HUD Commercial Audit info at http://www.globalgreen.org/phaenergytoolbox/energyaudit • Best Practices Guide http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/pdfs/omguide_complete.pdf © 2001, 1999 Example Church Project: lighting (T12s) controls Results: 41% reduction in kwhrs 29% reduction in elec bill 1+ year payback © 2001, 1999 Example College Project? ISO Load Response Program Results? © 2001, 1999 • 280 KW predicted • 330 KW actual • plus kwhrs • plus LRP payment • plus AC reduction Example Navy Project: Uncontrolled Testing Labs Results: © 2001, 1999 • Turn them off! • Savings - 14.8 MW to 8.2 MW Example Project: Hot water – 5 electric and 2 holding tanks off boilers Results: © 2001, 1999 • 8% reduction in kwhrs • $7500 cost for tankless • 2 year payback Energy Audit Survey • Lighting – simple, biggest bang for the buck. • Controls – roof vent fans? Exhaust hoods? Water heaters? • Old, neglected, out-of-tune equipment. • Leaky ductwork (air systems) • Hot air blowers • Steam Traps • Lack of O&M – filters, PM, etc. • Cooling Towers – VSD? © 2001, 1999 Energy Audit Tools Always… Sometimes… •Layout Drawing Light Meter •Clipboard •Magnifying Glass •Flashlight •Scrubby or Wipe •2 Pencils •CO2 Meter •Tape Measure •IR Thermometer •Camera •Hand Tools (be careful) •Safety Glasses © 2001, 1999 Energy Audit Findings Three categories… 1. Immediate, ASAP. 2. Time bounded…next year or two. 3. Sometime in the future. Capital planning or further study required. © 2001, 1999 Recommended Measures • Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs) with paybacks and rebates. • Automation such as PM and EMS’s. • Operational changes such as start and stop times, load shifting, etc. • Maintenance improvements. BOC! • Future upgrades (upon burnout). © 2001, 1999 Recommended Measures ECM Basics: Simple Payback = Cost – Rebate / Savings © 2001, 1999 Recommended Measures Cost? • This should be the total cost to install including labor, taxes, disposal, etc. • Sometimes, call in a contractor for a cost estimate. • Err on the high side. © 2001, 1999 Recommended Measures Savings? • This should be the energy and if significant, labor savings. • When possible, have someone check your numbers. • Err on the low side. © 2001, 1999 Recommended Measures Rebates and Tax incentives? • www.energytaxincentives.org/ • USDA Some resources: • www.utility.com • www.gasnetworks.com © 2001, 1999 Energy Audits Case Study #1: Repair or Replace Boilers? © 2001, 1999 Energy Audits Case Study #1: Benefits – 25% fuel savings (14,800 therms), reduced maintenance, less smoke Considerations – Cost! ($160,000 +/-) Help? – No. Savings in fuel - $29,466 at $2 per therm Payback – 5.4 years © 2001, 1999 Energy Audits Case Study #2: Repair or Replace Chillers and Refrigeration System? © 2001, 1999 Energy Audits Case Study #2: Benefits – Reliability! Electric savings (186,000 kwhrs), Maintenance Considerations – Cost! ($376,000) Help? – No. Savings in electric - $16,600 annually at $.07/kwhr Payback – 22.6 years © 2001, 1999 Energy Audits Case Study #3: What to do about high ventilation / cooling expenses? Demand control ventilation? © 2001, 1999 Energy Audits Case Study #3: Benefits – Electric savings (596,225 kwhrs) Considerations – Will they work? Cost! ($10,000 +/-) Help? – Yes…100% rebate. Savings in electric - $35,775 annually at $.07/kwhr Payback – immediate © 2001, 1999 Energy Audits Case Study #4: Fix or replace RTU? Existing – 5.5 EER Choice #1 – 10.5 EER Choice #2 – 11.5 EER © 2001, 1999 Energy Audits Case Study #4: Fix existing? $4,500 est Choice #1? (10.5 EER) – No rebate, $9970 Choice #2? (11.5 EER) - $600 rebate, $10,338 © 2001, 1999 Energy Audits Case Study #4: Benefits – 19% electric savings (12,343 kwhrs), reduced maintenance. Considerations – Cost! ($10,338) Help? – Yes...$600 Savings in fuel - $2,345 at $.09 per kwhr Payback – 4.2 years © 2001, 1999 Energy Audits Case Study #5: Two 115 gallon electric hot water heaters? Replace with on demand units? © 2001, 1999 Energy Audits Case Study #5: Current usage – 60,400 kwhrs at $0.20 / kwhr Cost - $12,808 annually plus pumping costs Proposal – 16 Rinnai Continum’s at $1,200 each (Keep one tank for heating) © 2001, 1999 Energy Audits Case Study #5: Benefits – 50% electric savings (30,200 kwhrs). Considerations – Cost! ($12,800) Help? – Yes...$300 each unit Savings (electric minus gas) - $3,378 Payback – 2.3 years © 2001, 1999 Energy Audits Case Study #6: Vs. © 2001, 1999 Energy Audits Case Study #6: Truro C. C. High Performance building BUT standard efficiency HVAC units. Try to make up the difference with solar and 50% grant. © 2001, 1999 Energy Audits Case Study #6: Truro C. C. • Actual difference in demand via choice of HVAC units – 26 KW • Cost for 26KW of solar - $91,000 • Extra cost to go with HE HVAC - $75,000 • HE HVAC incentive - $2,430 • Cost diff = $18,430 or 5KW Solar © 2001, 1999 CS#7: Solar Hot Water © 2001, 1999 CS#7: Solar Hot Water © 2001, 1999 CS#7: Solar Hot Water © 2001, 1999 CS#7: Solar Hot Water © 2001, 1999 CS#7: Solar Hot Water Project cost: $12,500 Grant 50% $6,250 Annual electric usage: 3,683 kwhrs Annual cost (@$0.21 / kwhr): $773 Estimated usage w/o panels: 9,369 kwhrs Estimated cost w/o panels: $1,967 Difference: $1,194 Payback: © 2001, 1999 5.2 years Heating System ECOs 1. Motors on pumps 2. Downsize pumps and motors 3. Setbacks for night and unoccupied periods 4. Ceiling fans 5. Steam traps 6. Actuators 7. Full condensing boilers 8. Infra-Red Heat © 2001, 1999 Low cost / no cost • Train your building operators! • P&P a PM System • Throw away incandescent bulbs. • Know thy utility reps! • Change your filters • Electric motor game plan • Take a field trip • Plan to group relamp © 2001, 1999 Low cost / no cost Train your building operators! People run your building. Would you take your car to an untrained mechanic? Technology and codes change constantly. Very high turnover. © 2001, 1999 Low cost / no cost © 2001, 1999 Low cost / no cost Purchase & Populate a Preventative Maintenance System Garbage in / garbage out Good memory Head’s up SchoolDude.com © 2001, 1999 Low cost / no cost 261 © 2001, 1999 Low cost / no cost Throw away incandescent bulbs. CFLs are 75% more efficient CFLs last 8x longer CFLs are cooler CFLs are dimmable CFLs have a good CRI © 2001, 1999 Low cost / no cost © 2001, 1999 Low cost / no cost Know thy utility reps! Knowledgeable New Technologies Incentive (aka rebate) programs Grants © 2001, 1999 Low cost / no cost Change your filters NAFA - National Air Filtration Association ANSI / ASHRAE 52.2 – 1999 MERV (min. efficiency recorded value) Fiberglass filter MERV < 1 Pleated filter MERV > 6 © 2001, 1999 Low cost / no cost © 2001, 1999 Low cost / no cost Electric motor game plan “When I die, replace me with a …” www.MotorUpOnline.com © 2001, 1999 Low cost / no cost Take a field trip Why is that running? What is that noise? How is that controlled? When is that turned off? © 2001, 1999 Low cost / no cost Take a field trip © 2001, 1999 What the…? © 2001, 1999 What the …? © 2001, 1999 What the …? © 2001, 1999 Low cost / No cost: Air Compressors A few notes from Jeff Wright… 1. Audible leaks - $1,500 2. ¼” leaks - $5,000 3. Add VSD and expansion tank – save 30 to 50% of energy 4. Roughly $1,000 per HP © 2001, 1999 Low cost / no cost Plan to Group Relamp T8s to Super T8s Labor more expensive than lamps Utility incentive © 2001, 1999 Low cost / no cost Plan to Group Relamp Typical Fluorescent Lamp Mortality Curve Percent Surviving 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 Percent Average Life © 2001, 1999 120 ECO #1 Gymnasium lighting: HID vs T-5’s © 2001, 1999 ECO #1 HID vs T-5’s •Where? Gym’s, Boiler Rooms, Hockey Rinks, Wall wash, Garages, etc •Where not? Above 50 feet, low ceiling direct •Competition? ST8s •Downside? Price, metric •Lumen? Steady •Rebate? Yes! © 2001, 1999 ECO #1 Gymnasium lighting: HID vs T-5’s IECC: Gym floors 1.9 watts / SF 22-400 w Metal Halide (455 Watts) 1.6 watts / SF 22 - 4LT-5HO (254 watts) 0.9 watts / SF Energy Savings = 44% Utility retrofit rebate = $100 * Estimated Installed Prices: n n Metal Halide T-5 - $375 $400 Additional benefits: controllable, better mean lumens, better CRI * Rebates are subject to program criteria, availability of program funding and pre-approval by the utility. © 2001, 1999 ECO #1 © 2001, 1999 ECO #1 © 2001, 1999 ECO #1 © 2001, 1999 ECO #2 © 2001, 1999 ECO #2 Packaged Lighting and Air Conditioning (PTAC) Occupancy Control sold by B. C. Hydro and InnKeeper Use with T5s in high bay applications from Hubble © 2001, 1999 ECO #2 Occupancy Sensor for Gymnasium lighting Existing lighting: 22-4LT5HO at 254 watts each Annual useage: 3,480 hours Reported “unused” time: 25% or 870 hours Savings: 4,862 kwhrs * $0.13/kwh = $632 Rebate: $55 Installed cost: $340 Payback: 0.5 years © 2001, 1999 ECO #2 Typical Energy Savings (%) 50 40 30 20 10 0 © 2001, 1999 Private Office Open Office Conference Room Computer Room Restroom ECO #2 Occupancy Sensors: Where? Bathrooms, private offices, conference rooms, etc Where not? Constantly occupied spaces Downside? Reputation Make Sure! Two types of detection – IR and US Rebate? Yes! © 2001, 1999 ECO #2 And don’t forget daylight dimming systems! © 2001, 1999 ECO #3 T8s and Super T8s © 2001, 1999 ECO #3 Rated fluorescent lighting system wattage Typical older system (EE T12 lamps & en. eff. magnetic ballasts) Standard T8 system (T8 lamps/ electronic ballast) "Super T8" system (approved T8 lamp/programme d start electronic ballast) 2-lamp fixture 70 60 47 3-lamp fixture 110 88 67 4-lamp fixture 140 112 89 © 2001, 1999 ECO #3 When? Why? Typical Fluorescent Lamp Mortality Curve …one manufacturer’s 700 series T8 Percent Surviving 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 Percent Average Life © 2001, 1999 120 lamp is rated at 2800 lumens, while the high performance version carries an initial lumen rating of 3150 lumens, a 12.5% improvement. The Super T8 lamps make use of improved phosphor technology, so they stay brighter over time. Lastly, better phosphor increases the color rendering index of Super T8 lamps to 85 vs. 75 for standard T8 lamps. ECO #3 T8s and Super T8s: When? At group relamping Remember! Sometimes new ballasts are required Rebate? Yes! © 2001, 1999 ECO #4 Compact Fluorescent Lamps © 2001, 1999 ECO #4 CFLs: Where? Wall sconce, ceiling fixtures, chandeliers, most applications. Where not? Above 30 feet, bright applications, some dimmers Competition? Halogens, SW HIDs Downside? Low efficacy Lumen? Steady Rebate? Sometimes…hard wired yes, screw-in no. © 2001, 1999 ECO #4 Incandescent vs CFL - Wall Sconce, hotel Existing - 246 65 w incandescent Retrofit – 246 28 w quad CFLs (30 watts) @ $5.35 case lot On hours – 4,380 annually Utility retrofit rebate – None Savings: (246*((65-30)/1000)*$0.13)*4380 = $4,902.53 Cost: 246*$5.35 = $1,316.10, installed by hotel staff Payback = $1,316 / $4,902 = 0.27 years Additional benefits: 4 to 8x longer life, less heat in the hallways. © 2001, 1999 ECO #5 LED Lighting © 2001, 1999 ECO #5 © 2001, 1999 ECO #5 Exit Signs Existing lighting: 30 watt twin incandescent Annual usage: 8,760 hours LED Exit: 3 watts Savings: 27 w * 8760 = 236 kwhrs * $0.13/kwh = $31 Rebate: $12 retrofit kit, $ 20 new sign Est. Installed cost: $65 Payback: 1.7 years 1.4 years w/o considering labor / hassles to replace bulb periodically! Typical life of 15 watt incandescent bulb is 1,000 hours Typical life of LED in exit signs - 20 plus years © 2001, 1999 ECO #5 © 2001, 1999 ECO #5 © 2001, 1999 ECO #5 © 2001, 1999 ECO #6 Small Wattage HIDs Vs. © 2001, 1999 ECO #6 Small HIDs: •Where? Ceiling fixtures in auto showrooms and foyers. High ceilings. •Where not? Frequent on/off, dimmers. •Competition? Halogens, CFLs, huge incandescent. •Downside? Expense. •Lumen? Some depreciation. •Rebate? Yes. © 2001, 1999 ECO #6 Incandescent vs SW HID - Auto Showroom Existing - 84 200 w incandescent Retrofit – 84 70 w SW MH (80 watts) @ $130 On hours – 3,120 annually Utility retrofit rebate* – $90 Savings: (84*((200-80)/1000)*$0.13)*3120 = $4,088.45 Cost: 84*$130 = $10,920 installed Payback = ($10,920-(90*84)) / $4,088 = 0.82 years Additional benefits: 3x longer life, more light. *where applicable © 2001, 1999 ECO #7 Demand Control Ventilation © 2001, 1999 ECO #7 © 2001, 1999 ECO #7 Demand Control Ventilation: •Where? RTUs, see next slide. Schools! •Where not? Whole building, one zone systems. Not factories. •Competition? None. •Downside? Be careful not to drop below required ventilation. •Upside? IAQ •Rebate? Yes. © 2001, 1999 ECO #7 © 2001, 1999 ECO #7 DCV Savings? Occupancy fluctuations* in retail stores and other commercial facilities can amount to as much as $1.00 per square foot (ft2). DCV Costs? CO2 sensor technology has improved substantially in recent years, and prices have dropped dramatically. From more than $800 to as low as $200, and several manufacturers offer CO2 sensors bundled with temperature and humidity or dew point sensors in the same housing, which further reduces total costs. *from NSTAR’s Energy Advisor found at http://www.nstaronline.com/your_business/energy_advisor/PA_53.html © 2001, 1999 ECO #7 DCV Additional Resources: Each of these programs can be used to evaluate potential energy cost savings from demand-controlled ventilation (DCV). They are all available free of charge. Carrier – Energy Analysis Program http://www.commercial.carrier.com/commercial/hvac Honeywell – Savings Estimator http://customer.honeywell.com/Business/Cultures AirTest – Energy Analysis Program http://www.airtesttechnologies.com/support/energy-analysis © 2001, 1999 ECO #7 From AirTest: © 2001, 1999 ECO #8 Full Condensing Boilers © 2001, 1999 ECO #8 Full Condensing Boilers: •Where? Anywhere hot water heat is required. •Where not? No gas service. •Competition? None. •Downside? Expense. •Upside? Very efficient, no stack required! •Rebate? Yes. © 2001, 1999 ECO #8 Library Heat: Radiant with FCB vs. Baseboard with SEB Estimated gas savings: (e1-e2)*79% Est. Hr Use*$/therm = $7,760 Cost Differential: $37,500 installed Rebate (BSG Partners in Energy) = 50% cost diff = $18,750 Payback = ($37.5K-$18.75K)/$7,760 = 2.4 years Additional benefits: eligible for tax incentive, floor slab heat, longer life equipment, combustibles outside. © 2001, 1999 #9 ECO Electric Motors: © 2001, 1999 NEMA Premium Efficiency Motors Higher Efficiency Lower Operating Cost Incentives Offset Higher First Cost © 2001, 1999 #9 ECO Electric Motors: Cost of motor = 3% of life cycle Conduct Inventory Develop Policy – tag motors! Use MotorMaster+ 4.0 www.MotorUpOnline.com © 2001, 1999 #9 ECO © 2001, 1999 #9 ECO © 2001, 1999 #9 ECO Electric motors 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 8,000 hours run time 60 HP 1 HP = 0.756 KW Annual kwhrs = 8000 x 60 x .756 = 362,880 kwhrs Cost per kwhr = $0.20 Cost of pollution = $72,500 every year! © 2001, 1999 ECO #10 Infra Red Heat © 2001, 1999 ECO #10 © 2001, 1999 ECO #10 IR Heat: •Where? High ceiling, open space, overhead door. •Where not? No gas service. •Competition? Blowers. •Downside? None. •Upside? Very efficient, very effective. •Rebate? Yes. © 2001, 1999 ECO #10 © 2001, 1999 ECO #10 Replace Hot Air Blowers with IR Heating Gas Utility findings: “Per blower vs. IR tube installation, actual measured savings are 748 therms per tube.” Municipal garage repair center: 2-100,000 btu blowers replaced with 2 Sealed Combustion IR Tubes. Savings: $2,992 Rebate: $1000 Cost: Payback: $6,800 1.9 years Additional benefit: productivity increased © 2001, 1999 ECO #11 Tankless Water Heaters © 2001, 1999 ECO #11 Tankless Water Heaters: •Where? Anywhere where hot water is stored. •Where not? No gas service. •Competition? None. •Downside? Gas line size. •Upside? Very efficient. •Rebate? Yes. © 2001, 1999 ECO #11 Fire Department: Replace Hot Water Tanks with Tankless Original Condition: Four Fire Stations, each with gas-fired water heaters of various sizes and ages. Replace with 8 Tankless, 2 per station. Measured annualized savings (all 4 stations): 2,480 therms or $4,960. Installed Cost: $10,600. Rebate: $300@ = $2,400 Payback: ($10.6K-$2.4K)/$4.96K = Additional benefit: Space © 2001, 1999 1.65 years ECO #11 © 2001, 1999 ECO #12 Variable Speed Drives (aka VFD’s) © 2001, 1999 ECO #12 Variable Speed Drives (aka VFD’s) IECC: Individual VAV fans with motors of 25hp or greater must be driven by a mechanical or electrical variable speed drives Beyond Code: Use VSD’s on motors down to 5 HP Bonus: Utility Rebates of $900 – 5 hp to $1,750 – 20 hp each Rebate Criteria states that the VFD speed must be automatically controlled by differential pressure, flow or temperature * Rebates are subject to program criteria, availability of program funding and pre-approval by the utility. © 2001, 1999 ECO #12 How can you tell if a VSD will save energy & $$? Constant speed AC motor driving a non-constant speed device (i.e.; fan or pump) Variable load---moving air, water, sewage, etc A large percentage of time at less than full load Currently controlled by one of the following: n n n n n Inlet throttling Outlet throttling By-pass loop No control Equipment operator (a person!) © 2001, 1999 ECO #12 - VFDs Considerations n n n n n n © 2001, 1999 Some forward curve fans are not suited for VFD operation due to specific fan curve Savings in applications with high static pressure could be very small Some old motors can not be driven by frequency varying devices Inverter duty motors are best suited for VFDs Applications that require high torque require special VFDs Harmonic Distortion ECO #12 Variable Speed Drives: Hospital kitchen exhaust fan – 15 HP motor Installed Cost - $9,400 Potential utility rebate - $1,250 Projected savings - 25% for 4h/d, 50% for 4h/d, 75% for 4h/d n 48,000 kwhrs/yr * $0.13 / kwhr = $6,240 Payback with rebate ($9,400 - $1,250 / $6,240) = 1.3 years * Rebates are subject to program criteria, availability of program funding and pre-approval by the utility. © 2001, 1999 ECO #13 - Energy Management Systems n n n n n Optimal Start/Stop Scheduling Temperature Set Point Control Ventilation Control Demand Control © 2001, 1999 ECO - #13 EMS Features © 2001, 1999 ECO #13 – EMS: How It Works © 2001, 1999 ECO #13 - EMS Considerations n n n n An EMS does not save energy! The proper use of it does. EMS adds complexity to the HVAC system – more problems to troubleshoot. Compatibility/Proprietary Issues Continuous commissioning / re-commissioning is critical © 2001, 1999 ECO #13 White vs Black Roof © 2001, 1999 ECO #14 “White reflective roofs can lower attic temperatures by up to 25-30 degrees F. Many commercial buildings with central AC have ducts in the attic where there is a significant amount of heat gain. The white roof lowers the attic temperature greatly increasing the air distribution efficiency of the HVAC system.” Florida Solar Power Association © 2001, 1999 ECO #15 Miscellaneous Good Ideas © 2001, 1999 ECO #15 •Vendor Mizers; www.electricitymetering.com •Kitchen Economizers; www.nrminc.com •Ice Machines •Ultra Spray Nozzles; www.fisher-mfg.com •Ice Rink Temperature Sensors •LED Scoreboards •Pulse start MH © 2001, 1999 ECO #15 MH vs PSMH 120000 1000w MH 875w PSMH 750w PSMH Lumens 100000 80000 60000 40000 20000 0 0 1 Years © 2001, 1999 2 ECO #16 © 2001, 1999 ECO #16 © 2001, 1999 ECO #16 Worcester, Mass installation: Actual installed cost = $10K / KW Warranty period = 20 years Estimated generation time at 90% = 27% or 2365 hours per year Cost per kwhr = 0.23 $/kwhr Grant paid 80% © 2001, 1999 ECO #17 – Geothermal © 2001, 1999 ECO #17 The biggest benefit of GHPs is that they use 25%–50% less electricity than conventional heating or cooling systems. © 2001, 1999 ECO #17 Geothermal Heat Pumps: General size? 5 tons Downside? Up to 800 foot wells. Expensive! Upside? Very efficient. Best for supplemental applications. Rebate? Maybe. © 2001, 1999 ECO #18 © 2001, 1999 ECO #18 © 2001, 1999 ECO #18 © 2001, 1999 ECO #18 © 2001, 1999 ECO #18 Mass Maritime Academy •232 feet high •45 db at 3X height •660 KW or 28% campus load •Estimated full load = 25% •Estimated kwhrs = 1,460,000 •Cost = $1.48 million •Grant = $500K © 2001, 1999 ECO #18 Cost per kwhr $1.20 $/kwhr $1.00 $0.80 $0.60 $0.40 $0.20 $1 2 3 4 5 6 years © 2001, 1999 7 8 9 10 ECO #18 Windaus Energy Inc. 27 Copernicus Blvd. Unit #8 Brantford, Ontario, Canada N3P 1N4 Tel. 519 770 0546 Fax. 519 770 0595 info@windausenergy.com © 2001, 1999 Energy Conservation Turn it off! © 2001, 1999 The Product Your Energy Management Plan must: • Come right to the point in the executive summary. • Be easy to read with a minimum of jargon. • Be in the language of the reader. • Offer details in the appendix. • Have pictures and graphs and charts. © 2001, 1999 The Product Remember to: • Have it reviewed by your team. • Give credit to your team! • Give all effected parties a “head’s up.” • Discuss outcomes with your boss before it is in print. • Clean, crisp, sharp, and impressive. © 2001, 1999
