STUDY GUIDE UNIT 3
SHEEP BRAIN STRUCTURES
HALF SHEEP BRAIN
Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Cerebrum
Longitudinal fissure
Cerebellum
Arbor vitae
Corpus callosum
Fornix
Pineal body (pineal gland)
Corpora quadrigemina
Optic chiasma
HALF SHEEP BRAIN
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata
Pituitary gland
Lateral ventricle
Third ventricle
Fourth ventricle
Cerebral aqueduct
Pineal gland
WHOLE SHEEP BRAIN
Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Cerebrum
Longitudinal fissure
Cerebellum
Pons
Optic chiasma
Cranial nerve I (Olfactory bulb)
Cranial nerve II (optic)
Cranial nerve V
HUMAN BRAIN MODEL
Frontal lobe
Occipital lobe
Longitudinal fissure
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Arbor vitae
Cranial nerve I (Olfactory bulb)
Cranial nerve II (optic)
Cranial nerve V
Corpus callosum
Fornix
Mammilary body
Pituitary gland
Thalamus
Pons
Midbrain
Medulla oblongata
Optic chiasma
Lateral ventricle
DRY LAB QUESTIONS FOR BRAIN
What is the most external and toughest of the meninges? Dura mater
What is the web-like middle layer of the three meninges? Arachnoid mater
What area of the brain controls logical thought and conscious awareness of the environment? Cerebrum
What fissure separates the right and left halves of the cerebrum? Longitudinal fissure
What area of the brain interconnects the right and left cerebral hemispheres? Corpus callosum
What area of the brain controls balance and muscle coordination? Cerebellum
What is the white tree structure in the cerebellum called? Arbor vitae
What is the largest cavity in the brain? Lateral ventricles
What structure connects the third and fourth ventricle? Cerebral aqueduct
What structure is most closely associated with the cerebellum? 4th ventricle
What area of the brain controls visual and auditory reflexes? Corpora quadrigemina
What area of the brain processes sensory information according to importance? Thalamus
What area of the brain controls hunger/thirst body temperature? Hypothalamus
What area of the brain controls automatic behaviors (fight or flight)? Midbrain
What area of the brain relays sensory information between the cerebellum and cerebrum? Pons
What area of the brain controls breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure? Medulla oblongata
What lobe processes signals for vision? Occipital lobe
What area of the brain is an endocrine gland that secretes melatonin? Pineal gland
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SPINAL CORD MODEL AND PHOTO
White matter (contains myelinated nerve axons)
Grey matter (contains nerve cell bodies)
Ventral horn
Dorsal horn
Ventral root (ramus)
Dorsal root (ramus)
Dorsal root ganglion
Anterior median fissure
Posterior median sulcus
Central canal
Dura mater (model only)
Sympathetic trunk ganglion (model only)
NERVE HISTOLOGY (WE WILL GO OVER THIS IN UNIT 4)
Neuron
PERIPHERAL NERVES (Extra credit)
Axillary, radial, musculocutaneus, ulnar, median, Sciatic, femoral, Common fibular,
superficial fibular, deep fibular, tibial
STRUCTURES TO KNOW ON THE SHEEP HEART
TISSUE LAYERS OF THE HEART
A. myocardium
B. endocardium
C. visceral pericardium
STRUCTURES
1. Apex
2. Interventricular septum (IV septum)
3. Left ventricle
4. Right ventricle
5. Right atrium
6. Left atrium
7. Papillary muscles
8. Chordae tendinae
9. Tricuspid valve
10. Mitral valve (bicuspid valve)
11. Trabeculae carni
12. Aortic semilunar valve
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STRUCTURES ON THE PLASTIC AND PLASTER HUMAN HEART MODELS
TISSUE LAYERS OF THE HEART
A. myocardium
B. endocardium
C. visceral pericardium
PLASTIC HEART VESSELS
PLASTIC HEART STRUCTURES
A. pulmonary trunk
B. pulmonary veins (there are four)
C. pulmonary arteries
D. right coronary artery
E. left coronary artery
F. Circumflex artery
G. Coronary sinus
H. posterior interventricular artery
I. anterior interventricular artery
J. Right Brachiocephalic
K. Right subclavian
L. Right common carotid
M. Left common carotid
N. Left subclavian
O. aorta
P. superior vena cava
Q. inferior vena cava
1. Apex
2. Interventricular septum (IV septum)
3. Left ventricle
4. Right ventricle
5. Right atrium
6. Left atrium
7. Atrial septum
8. Chordae tendinae
9. Trabeculae carni
10. Mitral valve (bicuspid valve)
11. Tricuspid valve
12. Pulmonary semilunar valve
13. Aortic semilunar valve
14. Auricle
PLASTER HEART
PLASTIC HEART
PLASTER HEART STRUCTURES
Right atrium
Apex
Auricle
Pulmonary trunk
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Aortic semilunar valve
Coronary sinus
Note: These are the only
structures you need to know
on the plaster heart.
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EYE MODELS
PLASTIC EYE
Sclera
Cornea
Pupil
Lens
Iris
Retina
Choroid layer
Optic disc
Ora serrata
Cilliary body
PLASTIC EYE
Posterior cavity (do not call this the posterior chamber)
Anterior cavity (do not call this the anterior chamber)
Fovea centralis (area of the retina where light focuses)
PLASTER EYE
Lens
Posterior cavity
Ora serrata
Cilliary body
COW EYE
Cornea
Sclera
Lens
Retina
Choroid layer
.
EAR MODEL
External acoustic meatus (Auditory canal)
Pinna
Tympanum (tympanic membrane)
Eustachian tube (function is to equalize pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane)
Semi-circular canal (function is for balance)
Cochlea (function is for hearing)
Vestibulocochlear nerve
BLOOD CELLS
(MICROSCOPE)
Neutrophil
Lymphocyte
Monocyte
BLOOD VESSELS
(EXTRA CREDIT PHOTOS)
Artery
Vein
Arteriole
Venuole
Capillary
DRY LAB QUESTIONS
Which fetal heart CHAMBER is where blood is most highly oxygenated? Right atrium
Which fetal VESSEL is where blood is most highly oxygenated? Umbilical vein
Which fetal vessel carries oxygenated blood from the placenta? Umbilical vein
What is the hole between the fetal atria? Foramen ovale
What is the foramen ovale called in adults? Fossa ovalis
What is the connection between the pulmonary artery and the aorta? Ductus arteriosus
What is the name for the venous vessel leading to the liver? Hepatic portal vein (not hepatic vein!)
A portal system is a ________ system within the ________system Capillary/venous
What does the term “common” mean in the circulatory system? That a vessel will branch into
two other vessels with the same name.
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VEINS IN THE CAT AND HUMAN MODELS
NOTE: There are three types of jugular veins and three types of iliac veins in the cat.
Do not just write “jugular” or “iliac” on the test!
NOTE: There are three types of carotid arteries and three types of iliac
arteries. Do not just write “carotid” or “iliac” on the test!
NOTE: There are three types of aorta: aortic arch, thoracic aorta, and
abdominal aorta. Do not just write “aorta” on the test!
VEINS TO KNOW ON THE CAT
SUPERIOR VENA CAVA
INFERIOR VENA CAVA
BRACHIOCEPHALIC
SUBCLAVIAN
AXILLARY
BRACHIAL
EXTERNAL JUGULAR
INTERNAL JUGULAR
TRANSVERSE JUGULAR
MAXILLARY
FACIAL
SUPRASCAPULAR
SUBSCAPULAR
VERTEBRAL
INTERNAL THORACIC (mammary)
AZYGOUS
SUPRARENAL
RENAL
GONADAL
LUMBAR
EXTERNAL ILIAC
INTERNAL ILIAC
MEDIAN SACRAL
FEMORAL
DEEP FEMORAL
GREAT SAPHENOUS
POPLITEAL
ARTERIES TO KNOW ON THE CAT
BRACHIOCEPHALIC
SUBCLAVIAN
AXILLARY
BRACHIAL
COMMON CAROTID
EXTERNAL CAROTID
MAXILLARY
FACIAL
INTERNAL THORACIC (mammary)
SUPRASCAPULAR
SUBSCAPULAR
VERTEBRAL
THORACIC AORTA
POSTERIOR INTERCOSTALS
ABDOMINAL AORTA
CELIAC TRUNK
SUPERIOR MESENTERIC
INFERIOR MESENTERIC
SUPRARENAL
RENAL
GONADAL
LUMBAR
EXTERNAL ILIAC
INTERNAL ILIAC
MEDIAN SACRAL
FEMORAL
DEEP FEMORAL
SAPHENOUS
POPLITEAL
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FLAT MAN VESSELS
Aortic Arch
Brachiocephalic Vein
Subclavian A/V
Axillary A/V
Brachial A/V
Common Carotid
External Jugular Vein
Abdominal Aorta
Hepatic Artery
Splenic Artery
Superior Mesenteric
Inferior Mesenteric
Renal A/V
Common Iliac Artery
External Iliac Artery
Internal Iliac Artery
Femoral Artery
Femoral Vein
Saphenous Artery
Greater Saphenous Vein
Popliteal Artery
Posterior Tibial artery
Dorsalis pedis (artery)
Radial artery
SKULL MODEL ARTERIES
Common Carotid
External Carotid
Internal Carotid
Maxillary
Facial
Vertebral
Circle Of Willis
TORSO AND ½-SIZE MAN MODELS
Aortic Arch
Brachiocephalic Vein
Subclavian Vein
Common Carotid
External Jugular Vein
Posterior Intercostal A/V
Abdominal Aorta
Celiac Trunk
Superior Mesenteric
Inferior Mesenteric
Suprarenal Vein
Renal Artery
Renal Vein
Common Iliac Artery
Common Iliac Vein
External Iliac Artery
Internal Iliac Artery
Internal Iliac Vein
Femoral A/V
Median sacral artery
HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN
(Don’t ID, just know this is the
major vein leading into the liver
REPRODUCTIVE MODEL ARTERIES
Abdominal aorta
Gonadal artery
Internal iliac artery
External iliac artery
Inferior mesenteric artery
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THESE ARE THE HUMAN MODELS YOU NEED TO KNOW VESSELS ON
FLAT MAN (look at both types)
TORSO-1
SKULL
TORSO-2
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REPRODUCTIVE MODEL
HALF-SIZE MAN MODEL
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