L07
ESTABLISHING A CONNECTION
Current
Policy
Package:
Compulsory
Schooling at
Primary Level
& KWAPM
(Poor
Students
Trust Fund)
Lecture 7
And
Lecture 8
New Policy
Draft:
Extending
Compulsory
Schooling to
Secondary
Level
By now you should have read Supplement 3 Prof Cir 14 2002 and
LO2 Lamp 2 SPB 1 2007
2
EDUCATIONAL PLANNING MODEL
CONTENTS
1. Steps in Educational Planning
2. Factors associated with acceptance and
dissemination of innovation
3. Development of educational program
This Note is Courtesy of Prof Madya Dr. Mohd Majid Konting, UPM, 2011.
3
STEPS IN EDUCATIONAL PLANNING
1. Defining the Educational Problem
2. Analyzing the Problem
3. Conceptualizing & Designing Plans
4. Evaluating Plans
5. Specifying the Plan
6. Implementing the Plan
7. Feedback of the Plan
4
1. DEFINING EDUCATIONAL PROBLEM
• Delineating the scope of the educational problem:
identifying the problem; when an event/ activity is
5
de-railed or
deviates from the vision or the original
plan
• Studying “What has been”
• Determining “What is versus what should be”
• Resources and constraints: organizational and
individual
• Establishing educational planning parts and
priorities: use systems design and approach to
study parts, theirs strengths and weaknesses
2. ANALYZING THE PROBLEM
• Study the identified problem in detail:
conceptualization and literature to support
• Gathering data: obtain empirical evidence of
hard and soft data, demographic, socioeconomic data
• Analysis and Tabulation of data
• Forecasting: cohort analysis based on the
age of the population
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3. CONCEPTUALIZING & DESIGNING PLANS
a. Identifying the prevailing trends:
i. Human trends; society, community, norms,
economic activities
ii. Environmental trends, changes in human
trends
b. Establishing goals and objectives
c. Designing plans: more than one plan
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4. EVALUATING PLANS
• Planning through simulation: mathematical
and logic simulation
• Evaluating plans: Strengths, Weaknesses,
Opportunities, Threats (SWOT)
• Selecting a plan according to priority: use
contingency plans
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5. SPECIFYING THE PLAN
• Implementation of the blue print
• Systems support: approval, legal
justification
• Organization
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6. IMPLEMENTING THE PLAN
• Program preparation: dissemination
• Organizing operational units
10
7. FEEDBACK OF THE PLAN
• Monitoring the plan
• Evaluating the plan
• Adjusting, altering, redesigning the plan
11
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH ACCEPTANCE AND
DISSEMINATION OF INNOVATION
Rogers (2003) :
1. Characteristics & attributes of innovation
2. Types of innovative decisions
3. Communication channel
4. Characteristics of social system
5. The role of change agent
12
1. ATTRIBUTES OF INNOVATION
a. Relative advantage: especially in personal
terms
b. Adaptability: comfortable to recipients;
knowledge, skills, norms, culture, needs
c. Complexity: additional knowledge, skills
required
d. Easy to experiment: pilot study and prior
exposure
e. Easy to observe: hard evidences
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2. TYPES OF DECISIONS
a. Alternative decisions: by individuals, selfawareness, high sustainability
b. Group decision: by organizational members,
awareness, high sustainability
c. Authority decision: directive, low
sustainability
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3. COMMUNICATION CHANNEL
a. Hard channels: pamphlets, books,
documents, news paper
b. Soft channels: electronic media, TV,
radio, internet
15
4. CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL SYSTEM
i) Traditional Society:
a. Relationship between members is
personal based on soft behavior:
respect and polite
a.
b. Little exposure to and less
communication with external
development
b. Wider exposure to external
development and easier to accept
new changes BUT critical
c. Little orientation to accept change
and out-dated technology
c. Positive attitude towards change
and new technology
d. Less able to change their role or
understand others especially
outsiders who brought changes.
d. Able to change roles and adapt to
new roles with little difficulty
ii) Modern Society:
Relationship between members
is based on rationale, not
influenced by emotions
Continued
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5. THE ROLE OF CHANGE AGENT
a. Initiate the needs and enthusiasm for change
b. Initiate awareness and explain the change’s
objectives
c. Diagnose customer’s needs and problems
d. Establish and strengthen relationship between
recipients and planners of innovation
e. Organize and implement change’s activities
f. Stabilize, sustain and maintain change
g. Develop a termination plan to terminate
her/his role as a change agent
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PROGRAM PREPARATION
a. Statement of objectives
b. Statement of scope of work
c. List of specifications
d. List of stakeholder valuations
e. Logic diagram for key stages
f. Work breakdown structure for the key stages
g. Milestone schedule
h. Success factors their methods of measurement
i. Bar chart for the key stages
j. Linear responsibility chart for the key stages
k. Approved budget statement
l. Operating budget statement
18
ESTABLISHING A CONNECTION
Current
Policy
Package:
Compulsory
Schooling at
Primary Level
& KWAPM
(Poor
Students
Trust Fund)
Lecture 7
And
Lecture 8
New Policy
Draft:
Extending
Compulsory
Schooling to
Secondary
Level
By now you should have read Supplement 3 Prof Cir 14 2002 and
LO2 Lamp 2 SPB 1 2007
19
DISCUSSION
What are the factors that make children go to schools?
What do policy makes need to have in place to ensure
children go to schools?
20
EVALUATION 3 (30%): GROUP ASSIGNMENT 3 – POLICY PLANNING
In a group of 4 persons, you are required to prepare an educational
policy/strategic plan. Choose an educational problem of your interest to
prepare the plan. You can use the strategic educational planning model
to guide you in preparing the plan.
As a guide, each assignment must be reported in written form using
Times New Roman, Font 12 and margin 1.5 with an estimated total of
5,000 words or 15 pages. Present your assigment in week 11 and
Submit your assigment in week 12.
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General Format For
Policy Proposal
1. Title (5 marks)
2. Elaboration on educational issue (background,
policy issue, data) (10 marks)
3. Elaboration on why issue needs to addressed (10
marks)
4. Detail of proposed plan to address issue (10 marks)
5. Implication of plan ( financial, job positions,
politics, social etc) (10 marks)
6. Short summary. (5 marks)
Continue in L08
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