ATLAS Detector – status and plans
David Lissauer
Brookhaven National Lab.
ATLAS Technical Coordination
APS meeting
.
1
April 14th , 2007
APS meeting April 14h, 2007.
LHC Complex
• s = 14 TeV
(7 times higher than Tevatron/FNAL)
• Ldesign = 1034 cm-2 s-1
(>102 higher than Tevatron/FNAL)
ATLAS and CMS :
pp, general purpose
ALICE :
heavy ions
Physics Runs expected
to start in 2008
.
2
LHCb :
pp, B-physics
APS meeting April 14h, 2007.
Event rate in ATLAS :
N = L x  (pp)  109 interactions/s
25 n-sec Beam Crossing  40 MHz
~ 25 Pile up events / Crossing
Interesting events are rare (high-pT )
.
3
 The Experimental Challenge
APS meeting April 14h, 2007.
Cross Sections and Production Rates
Rates for L = 1034 cm-2 s-1: (LHC)
• Inelastic proton-proton
reactions:
109 / s
• bb pairs
• tt pairs
5 106 / s
8
/s
• W en
• Z ee
150 / s
15 / s
• Higgs (150 GeV)
• Gluino, Squarks (1 TeV)
0.2 / s
0.03 / s
LHC is a factory for:
top-quarks, b-quarks, W, Z
The Challenge:
Select the right events
.
4
Measure
event properties
APS meeting April 14 , 2007.
h
ATLAS Physics Goals
Search for:
Standard Model Higgs boson over ~ 115 < mH < 1000 GeV
Physics beyond the SM up to the TeV-range
Supersymmetry,
q/ compositeness,
leptoquarks,
W’/Z’,
Extra-dimensions
….
Precise measurements :
W mass
top mass, couplings and decay properties
Higgs mass, spin, couplings (if Higgs found)
B-physics: CP violation, rare decays, B0 oscillations
QCD jet cross-section and as
5
….
.
APS meeting April 14h, 2007.
LHC schedule
Official schedule:
Beam Pipe closed
September ’07
Beam Injection
October ’07
1st collisions
December ’07 (450x450)
1st collisions (Physics)
~June ’08
(14 TEV)
CERN DG is committed to the schedule.
Magnets commissioning is a challenge.
Effect of Triplet catastrophic failure test still unknown.
An official update to the schedule is expected in May/June.
(450 GeV run will probably be delayed or merged with start up – NOT official)
June ’08:
7 x 7 TeV Start up (43 Bunches )
~August ’08:
7 x 7 TeV (75 n-sec)
~October ’08:
6
.
7 x 7 TeV (25 n-sec)
APS meeting April 14h, 2007.
Staged commissioning plan for protons
Stage I
Hardware
ommissioning
Machine
checkout
Beam
commissioning
No beam
I.
Pilot physics run



75ns
ops
25ns ops I
Install
Phase II
and MKB
25ns
ops II






Nominal crossing angle
Push squeeze
Increase intensity to 50% nominal
Performance limit 2 1033 cm-2 s-1
IV. 25ns operation II

1030
Fall ’08
1032
Establish multimulti-bunch operation, moderate intensities
Relaxed machine parameters (squeeze and crossing angle)
Push squeeze and crossing angle
Performance limit 1033 cm-2 s-1 (event pileup)
25ns operation I

~June ’08
First collisions
43 bunches, no crossing angle, no squeeze, moderate intensities
Push performance (156 bunches, partial squeeze in 1 and 5, push intensity)
Performance limit 1032 cm-2 s-1 (event pileup)
75ns operation

III.
43 bunch
operation
IV
III
Beam

II.
II
End of ’08/’09 1033
Gradual Luminosity ramp up
Push towards nominal performance
.
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.
The ATLAS Collaboration
International ATLAS
35 Countries
164 Institutions
1800 Scientific Authors
US ATLAS:
40 Institutions
> 400 Scientific Authors
Albany, Alberta, NIKHEF Amsterdam, Ankara, LAPP Annecy, Argonne NL, Arizona, UT Arlington, Athens, NTU Athens, Baku,
IFAE Barcelona, Belgrade, Bergen, Berkeley LBL and UC, HU Berlin, Bern, Birmingham, Bologna, Bonn, Boston, Brandeis,
Bratislava/SAS Kosice, Brookhaven NL, Buenos Aires, Bucharest, Cambridge, Carleton, Casablanca/Rabat, CERN, Chinese Cluster, Chicago,
Clermont-Ferrand, Columbia, NBI Copenhagen, Cosenza, AGH UST Cracow, IFJ PAN Cracow, DESY, Dortmund,
TU Dresden, JINR Dubna, Duke, Frascati, Freiburg, Geneva, Genoa, Giessen, Glasgow, LPSC Grenoble, Technion Haifa, Hampton, Harvard,
Heidelberg, Hiroshima, Hiroshima IT, Indiana, Innsbruck, Iowa SU, Irvine UC, Istanbul Bogazici, KEK, Kobe, Kyoto,
Kyoto UE, Lancaster, UN La Plata, Lecce, Lisbon LIP, Liverpool, Ljubljana, QMW London, RHBNC London, UC London, Lund,
UA Madrid, Mainz, Manchester, Mannheim, CPPM Marseille, Massachusetts, MIT, Melbourne, Michigan, Michigan SU, Milano,
Minsk NAS, Minsk NCPHEP, Montreal, McGill Montreal, FIAN Moscow, ITEP Moscow, MEPhI Moscow, MSU Moscow, Munich LMU,
MPI Munich, Nagasaki IAS, Nagoya, Naples, New Mexico, New York, Nijmegen, BINP Novosibirsk, Ohio SU, Okayama, Oklahoma, Oklahoma SU,
Oregon, LAL Orsay, Osaka, Oslo, Oxford, Paris VI and VII, Pavia, Pennsylvania, Pisa, Pittsburgh, CAS Prague,
CU Prague, TU Prague, IHEP Protvino, Regina, Ritsumeikan, UFRJ Rio de Janeiro, Rome I, Rome II, Rome III,
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, DAPNIA Saclay, Santa Cruz UC, Sheffield, Shinshu, Siegen, Simon Fraser Burnaby, SLAC,
Southern Methodist Dallas, NPI Petersburg, Stockholm, KTH Stockholm, Stony Brook, Sydney, AS Taipei, Tbilisi, Tel Aviv, Thessaloniki, Tokyo
ICEPP, Tokyo MU, Toronto, TRIUMF, Tsukuba, Tufts, Udine, Uppsala, Urbana UI, Valencia, UBC Vancouver, Victoria, Washington, Weizmann
. Wiener Neustadt, Wisconsin, Wuppertal, Yale, Yerevan
Rehovot, FH
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.
The ATLAS Detector
Muon System
Toroid System
~26 m
Tracking System
Calorimeter
System
~25 m
Overall Weight 7000 Tons - “light”
“Ship
9 in a bottle”
~50m
.
~100 April
m Underground.
APS meeting
14h, 2007.
Magnet System
•Central Solenoid
End-Cap Toroid:
8 coils in a common cryostat
Solenoid Field in Inner Tracking Volume
•Air Core Toroid System
•Barrel Toroid
•EC Toroids
Toroid Field for Muon system.
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10
Barrel Toroid:
8 separate coils
APS meeting April 14h, 2007.
Central Solenoid - Installation
2T field with a stored energy of 38 MJ
Solenoid Integrated with the barrel LAr
Vacuum vessel.
Integrated with the vacuum vessel
February 2004.
Tested at full current (8 kA)
July 2004 (On Surface)
Installed in the Pit
end of ’05.
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.
Central Solenoid Commissioning
Field mapping machine in the Cryostat bore
July – August 2006:
Fully commissioned in-situ
up to 8.0 kA
The operation current is
7.73 kA for a field of 2.0 T
1st August 2006:
the solenoid is fully operational
250,000 points measured
12
Agreement with calculation
.
better than 10 Gauss
APS meeting April 14h, 2007.
Barrel Toroid
25 m
Last coil
Installed.
Jacks released
5m
Sept. 29 2005
Mechanical Assembly completed end of ’05.
Assembly completed well within tolerance !!!
.
13
APS meeting April 14h, 2007.
Barrel Toroid Construction
Due to its size the Barrel Toroid had to come down in
parts. Each Coil (25x5x1 m) had to be manipulated in
to place.
.
14
APS meeting April 14h, 2007.
Commissioning of Barrel Toroid
Cool down & Tests in Situ
July/Sept ’06 ~2.5 month
Complicated field due to:
coils aspect ratio
Fe in the Tile Calorimeter and
.
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HS structure
around the magnet.
APS meeting April 14h, 2007.
Magnetic Field Mapping
Perturbation to
the filed due to
Color scale
the Fe
the
maxin
= 300
G HS
structure.
Barrel Field measured
Diff. of up to 50 Gauss in
.
16
outer chambers due to Fe
distribution uncertainty
APS meeting April 14h, 2007.
EC Toroid Moving to Cool down station
EC Toroid moved to
Cooling Station.
Cooled down to LN2
temperature on
Surface.
Ready for Installation
in a few weeks.
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.
2nd End Cap Toroid integration
Turret assembly in preparation
Cover
Cryostat
Cold Mass
Cold Mass Insertion in the Cryostat.
Cool down to start in May.
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.
APS meeting April 14h, 2007.
Magnets Summary
•
Central Solenoid - Commissioned
•
Barrel Toroid
- Commissioned
ECT-A:
Cool Down to LN2 completed on Surface
Ready for installation End of April ‘07
Installation June ‘07
ECT-C:
Integration in B191 well advanced
Cool down May/June ’07
Installation July ‘07
Full Toroid (Barrel +EC) test expected end of ‘07
.
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.
Muon System
• Barrel Muon System (3 Layers)
• Forward Muon System
•Small wheel Assembly
•Big Wheels Assembly
•EO Chambers
IhI < 2.7
Air-Core Toroid system
High resolution:
Monitored Drift tube
CSC (Very Forward)
Trigger Chambers:
RPC and TGC
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.
The Barrel Muon System
Barrel: precision and trigger
chambers in 3 layers (588 stations):
Trigger chambers (RPC) rate
capability required ~ 1 kHz/cm2
I (inner) - M (middle) - O(outer)
O
I
MDT - Monitored Drift Tubes (layers:
I,O,M)
RPC - Resistive Plate Chambers (trigger)
M
21
.
(layers M+M,O)
APS meeting April 14h, 2007.
Barrel Chamber Installation



99% of Chambers installed.
Chamber cables & Gas connections in progress
Commissioning ongoing.
.
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.
Big Wheel –TGC1 assembly
.
23
Building
h, 2007.
APS meeting
April 1440/TGC-1
Installation of MDT Wheel
.
24
TGC1 – “Park Position”
APS meeting April 14h, 2007.
Commissioning Using Cosmic Rays.
Cosmic data taken with RPC,MDT,LV1 +Tile
Muons recorded
in sector 13
.
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.
Muon System Summary

Barrel Muon:
Installation Completed > 99% Chambers installed.
Services installation (cables/gas) well under way.
Chamber commissioning underway.
Data taking with Cosmic Ray started in selected regions.

EC Muons:
BW Side C: TGC/MDT Wheels completed - TGC2 on going
BW Side A:
TGC1 on going
JD/SW (Side A&C): Surface Assembly.
Installation of the Muon System will be completed before the
. end of the year.
26
APS meeting April 14h, 2007.
Calorimeter System
• Barrel Calorimeter:
•LAr Barrel EM
•Tile Barrel Hadronic
•EC Calorimeters:
LAr EM endcap (EMEC)
•LAr EC Calorimeter
•EM Calorimeter
•Hadronic Calorimeter
•Forward Calorimeter
•Extended Barrel (Tile) Calorimeter
Tile barrel
Tile extended barrel
LAr hadronic
endcap (HEC)
Hermetic calorimeter
Total Coverage:
IhI < 5
LAr EM barrel
LAr forward cal. (FCAL)
.
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.
The Calorimeters
Fine Granularity & Longitudinal Segmentation
Barrel EM accordion,
0.025 h x 0.025 
Barrel HAD tiles,
0.10 h x 0.10 
trigger and measure the ,e and
hadron energies by total absorption
in sampling mode.
operate in a integrated dose of 
and n, ranging up to few Mrad.
maintain the energy scale
precision at the 1% level.
allow particle identification
(, e, jets, ,..) --> longitudinal and
transverse segmentation, preshower
in the first X0s.
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a = 10% , b = 0.5%, c ~ 0.2 GeV
APS meeting April 14h, 2007.
Lowering Barrel EM Calorimeter
.
29
APS meeting April 14h, 2007.
Barrel Calorimeter Installation
.
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November 4th 2005:
Barrel Calorimeter in run
APSposition
meeting April 14h, 2007.
LAr Cool-down
The barrel calorimeter has been cooled down and filled with 45Kl of liquid argon.
Barrel Cool-down Temperature
300,00
Last updated 23-05-2006
expansion vessel pressure
Minimum detector temperature read on the cryo system
280,00
1,3
Maximum detector temperature read on the cryo system
260,00
200,00
gaseous N2
cooling
180,00
160,00
1,28
liquid N2
cooling
220,00
argon pressure (bara)
Temperature (K)
240,00
140,00
120,00
condensing Ar
100,00
Stable temperature
24.05.2006
17.05.2006
Date
10.05.2006
03.05.2006
26.04.2006
19.04.2006
12.04.2006
80,00
Tmin = 88,2 K
Isolation Vacuum
1,26
1,24
1,22
1,2
8.6.06 0:00
10.6.06
0:00
12.6.06
0:00
14.6.06
0:00
16.6.06
0:00
18.6.06
0:00
20.6.06
0:00
date
Tmax = 88,6 K
< 5x10-7
Purity
O2 < 2 ppm (lower limit of the measurement)
The calorimeter will now be kept cold for the duration of
the experiment. (~ 20 Years)
.
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.
22.6.06
0:00
EC-A in Open Position
EC – A :cold and full of LAr.
EC – C : Cooling down
.
32
HV tests & front end
electronics commissioning
onAPS
going.
meeting April 14h, 2007.
Commissioning - Noise Studies
Coherent noise observed was
generated by Tile calorimeter.
Solution: add filters for the
feedthrough heater connectors
Tiles LVPS OFF
Tiles LVPS ON
17 MHz peak
.
LAr Barrel Commissioning
APS meeting April 14h,
Comic Ray Event:
Trigger on Tile Cal.
Combine run for Tile +
LAr.
.
LAr Barrel Commissioning
APS meeting April 14h,
Calorimeter System Summary
• Barrel Calorimeter:
• Installation completed
• Services installation completed
• LAr Cool down completed – calorimeter kept cold
• Commissioning Tile & LAr using cosmic ray & Calibration Ongoing
• EC Calorimeters:
• Mechanical Installation completed
• Services installation on going
• LAr- Side A Cold, Side C cooling down
• Commissioning Started
•Cosmic Ray – starting now.
.
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.
Tracking System
• Barrel ID (SCT/TRT):
• Transition Radiation Tracker (TRT) (e/p Sep) ( 4 105 channels)
• Silicon Strip Detector (SCT)
( 6x106 channels)
•Pixel Detector
( 108 channels)
• EC ID (Side C and Side A):
•Transition Radiation Tracker (TRT)
•Silicon Strip Detector (SCT)
•Pixel Detector
• Beryllium beampipe:
IhI < 2.5
B=2 Tesla
.
36
APS meeting April 14h, 2007.
Barrel SCT/TRT integration on surface
TRT
SCT
Insertion - February 17, 2006
Combined tests on surface in:
April - June 2006
.
37
APS meeting April 14h, 2007.
Barrel SCT/TRT installation
Installation 23-24th Aug. 2006.
.
38
APS meeting April 14h, 2007.
Barrel SCT/TRT Connected
19th
Feb39
‘07
.
APS meeting April 14h, 2007.
Barrel TRT Threshold scan
Threshold distribution over the channels at which noise counting rate
reaches level 300 kHz. Each picture shows 50,000 channels
SR1
Pit
. the Pit as good as in the Lab
Performance in
40
APS meeting April 14h, 2007.
Pixels assembly on the surface.
Pixel Layer 2 – half shell
Pixel ECs at CERN
Pixel Package is close to being ready
for installation.
Pixel Layer 2, once clamped, inside
41
.
APS meeting April 14h, 2007.
ID System Summary

Services installation nearly complete.

Barrel SCT/TRT installation completed.

EC SCT/TRT ready for installation on the surface (May/June).

Pixel + Beryllium beam pipe installation in June.

Barrel commissioning ongoing.

Commissioning of full system July-October ’07.
.
42
APS meeting April 14h, 2007.
TRIGGER : THREE LEVELS
Rates
40 MHz
LEVEL-1 TRIGGER
•Coarse granularity from
calorimeter & muon systems
•2 ms latency (2.5 ms pipelines)
~75 kHz
LEVEL-2 TRIGGER
•Regions-of-Interest “seeds”
•Full granularity for all
subdetector systems
•O(10 ms) target CPU time
~2 kHz
EVENT FILTER
•“Seeded” by Level 2 result
•Full event access
•Offline-like Algorithms
•O(1 s) target CPU time
200 Hz
High-Level Trigger
FIRST PART OF ATLAS RECONSTRUCTION
AND PHYSICS EVENT SELECTION
.
43
APS meeting April 14h, 2007.
Counting Room Electronics
Phase 1
commissioning
has really started
Readout Electronics installation on going.
DCS (Slow control) operational (Part of
the system).
.
44
APS meeting April 14h, 2007.
ATLAS – Counting & Control rooms
SubFarm
Outputs
(SFOs)
SubFarm
Inputs
Regions Of Interest
SDX1
LVL2
farm
pROS
stores
LVL2
output
(SFIs)
Network
switches
LVL2
Supervisor
Event data
pulled:
partial events
@ ≤ 100 kHz,
full events
@ ~ 3 kHz
Event
Builder
Event
Filter
(EF)
Storage
DataFlow
Manager
~100 ~ 500
Network switches
stores
LVL2
output
UX15
USA15
~150
PCs
ReadOut
Drivers
(RODs)
ATLAS
detector
Firstlevel
trigger
UX15 system is all
Skeleton
counting and control
Event . data pushed @ ≤ 100 kHz, rooms are operational.
1600 fragments of ~ 1 kByte each APS meeting April 14h, 2007.
Timing Trigger Control (TTC)
45
USA15
Data of events accepted
1600 by first-level trigger
ReadOut
VME Dedicated links
Links
Read-Out
Subsystems
(ROSs)
RoI
Builder
Control Room
pROS
Gigabit Ethernet
~ 200 Hz
~1600
Event data requests
Delete commands
Data
storage
Secondlevel
trigger
dual-CPU nodes
Requested event data
CERN
SDX1
computer
~30
center Event rate Local
TDAQ networks - Installation & commissioning
Network root
(to ATCN)
Control Links
Data Links
Management links
Online Racks
Control Network
Management
Servers
Incremental installation started in 2006.
Full system will be completed in 2009
(deferred). Strategy:

ROB
ROB ROB
ROB ROB
ROB
ROS PC
ROS PC

ROB
ROB ROB
ROB ROB
ROB

Management
Network
DataFlow Network
SVs
Lay down the complete cabling
infrastructure
Incrementally add devices
(switches) when needed
In the early stage, redundancy is
not considered a priority
 Full redundancy is
introduced in 2008
SFIs
SFO
Switch
L2PUs
BackEnd Network
Mass
storage
First usage in a “production”
environment of monitoring tools
SFOs
EFPs
EFPs
EFPs
.
46
APS meeting April 14h, 2007.
DAQ/HLT – Installation
Full ROS system
Associated networking (data and control switches)
Associated infrastructure (file and boot servers,
online and monitoring machines,…)
.
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.
DAQ/HLT Commissioning
Integrated tests to verify subsystem’s
 Functionality
 Stability
 Performance
Technical Runs
 Integrated tests in the
control room
environment
 “shift-like” operations
.
48
APS meeting April 14h, 2007.
Commissioning Conclusions

Counting rooms infrastructure near completion.

Installation and commissioning of readout electronics – in
progress.

System commissioning using the final chain – ongoing.

Multi-system commissioning started.
Technical runs using the main control room round the clock
for Cosmic ray data, calibration data has started.
.
49
APS meeting April 14h, 2007.
Summary
The detector installation is now well advanced and progressing well.





Infrastructure:
Essentially complete and commissioned.
Magnets System: BT and Solenoid – commissioned , ECT installation, full test by end of ‘07.
Calorimeters:
Being commissioned (Barrel) EC to follow soon.
Tracking:
SCT/TRT Barrel being commissioned. EC and Pixel May/June ’07
Muons:
Barrel Muon being commissioned. BW assembly in progress. SW integration
on surface – Installation toward end of ’07.
Trigger and DAQ commissioning started. Control room operational – combined
“Data Taking” mode to start. (Cosmic Rays)

Trigger/DAQ:

Software / Physics (not covered here) Preparation for Data analysis is in full swing with
computing data challenges, Physics working groups etc
What was presented is a result of >20 years of R&D, Design and Construction of
the ATLAS detector. The installation and commissioning is the “end of the
beginning” once the installation is complete the challenge will shift to operation
and getting the Physics out.
The coming year is critical to make sure that the detector will be
ready for Data. A large effort is ongoing at CERN to accomplish this
challenge.
.
50
APS meeting April 14h, 2007.
First Physics Run Middle of ’08.
The ATLAS Detector should be
fully operational and ready for
Physics.
.
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.