Monitoreo
de
Signos Vitales
Dr. Rogelio Carrera
UANL
National Park Service
Natural Resource Challenge
Revitalize and expand the natural resource program
within the park service and improve park management
through greater reliance on scientific knowledge
NATIONAL PARKS OMNIBUS MANAGEMENT ACT OF 1998
Title II – Section 204. Inventory and Monitoring Program
“El Servicio deberá llevar a cabo un programa de
inventario y monitoreo del sistema de Parques
Nacionales para contar con información básica de la
tendencia a largo plazo de la condición de los
recursos en los Parques…”
“El Servicio deberá…utilizar los resultados de los
estudios científicos de manera apropiada para tomar
decisiones de manejo en los Parques..”
Objetivos del Programa de Monitoreo de
Signos Vitales:
Determinar el estado y tendencias de la condición de
ciertos recursos naturales en los Parques Nacionales
La intención del monitoreo de signos vitales es de darle
seguimiento a un subgrupo de elementos y/o procesos físicos, y
químicos, así como elementos biológicos y procesos
ecosistémicos que son seleccionados para representar la salud
general de los parques, midiendo los efectos hipotéticos de
agentes de estrés identificados.
Aspectos Clave del
Monitoreo de Signos Vitales:
• Perspectiva de largo plazo
• Integración y coordinación entre parques,
programas y agencias
• Énfasis en el Manejo de la Información
El Manejo de los Parques se Alimenta de Información
Científica – Integración con otras operaciones del Parque
Entender,
proteger,
restaurar,
los recursos
en los
Parques
(Adapted from National Water Quality Monitoring Council)
• El monitoreo como un
sistema de información
• Se integra la información
de los recursos naturales
a las operaciones del
parque
• Se hace la información
mas útil y disponible para
los manejadores en sitio
• Los datos están
disponibles para
investigadores,
educación, modelaje y
análisis
El “Pastel de Bodas”
Una alternativa a usar una “receta de cocina”
Nacional
Red/Ecosistema
Parque
Variables “Núcleo” del Servicio
Variables “Núcleo” de la Red/Ecosistema
•
El uso principal de los datos es a nivel
local
•
La capacidad del parque en establecer
alianzas y procurar fondos es importante
para el éxito
•
Los indicadores y protocolos mas
importantes para cada sistema pueden
ser muy diferentes (Bosques del Pacifico
Norte vs. Florida vs. Colorado)
El Concepto de Red
Las 32 redes de parques son suficientemente
grandes para permitir compartir recursos
humanos y financieros. Agrupan parques que
comparten ecosistemas y problemáticas.
“Las redes de
monitoreo de signos
vitales están diseñando
un sistema para
recopilar datos de
manera científica, su
análisis y difusión, que
no tiene precedentes en
la historia del Servicio
de Parques Nacionales”
Vital Signs for Tonto National Monument
Level 1 Category
Air and Climate
Geology and Soils
Water
Biological Integrity
Human Use
Landscapes
Vital Sign:
Frequency
Atmospheric Deposition (NADP)
Monthly
Visibility and particulate matter (IMPROVE)
Monthly
Climate (9 parameters)
Daily
Stream Channel Morphology
Every 5 years
Biological Soil Crusts
Every 5 years
Soil Aggregate Stability
Every 5 years
Soil Compaction
Every 5 years
Soil Cover
Annually
Groundwater Depth
Annually
Core Water Quality Parameters
Annually
Nutrient Loading (N & P)
Annually
Invasive/Exotic Plants – Early Detection
Biennially
Invasive/Exotic Plants – Status and Trends
Every 5 Years
Plant Phenology
Annually
Vegetation Lifeform Abundance
Annually
Landbirds
Annually
Vegetation Structure and Composition
Every 5 years
Visitor Use
Monthly
Visitor Use Impacts
Every 5 years
Landscape Dynamics (Land Use & Cover)
Every 10 years
Como se reportan los resultados del
monitoreo en Parques Nacionales
Los datos están disponibles para tomadores de
decisiones, científicos, educadores, y grupos interesados
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Annual Administrative Report and Work Plan
Annual Reports for specific Protocols or Projects
Inventory Project Reports
Analysis and Synthesis reports – trends
Program and Protocol Review reports
Scientific journal articles and book chapters
Symposia, workshops and conferences
Websites – Intranet and Internet
Annual briefings and “executive summaries” for park
managers
• National Report - Condition of NR in National Parks
Executive Briefs
Grizzly Bears
Yellowstone Cutthroat
Geothermal
Fire
Wolves
Bison
Elk
Lake Trout
Yellowstone Volcano
Climate
Land Use
Whitebark Pine
Amphibians
Invasive Plants
Land Birds
Trumpeter Swans
Greater Yellowstone
Monitoring
Executive Briefs
Yellowstone Cutthroat
Geothermal
Fire
Wolves
Bison
Elk
Lake Trout
Yellowstone Volcano
Climate
Land Use
Whitebark Pine
print version
Whitebark Pine
Importance
Whitebark pine is considered a “keystone” species
in the subalpine ecosystem. D Its best known role
in these ecosystems is as a high-energy food source
for a variety of wildlife species, including grizzly
bears. Dramatic declines of whitebark have been
reported throughout its range
dueGto two major
factors: 1) an introduced fungus, white pine blister
rust; and 2) heavy mortality from endemic mountain
pine beetle.
Status
• Thirty six of the 51 (71%) transects had some
indication of blister rust. G
• Although blister rust was widespread, the infection
severity was relatively low.
• The estimate proportion of trees infected with
blister rust within the GYE to be 0.189 ± 0.05 SE,
and most infected trees had ≤2 cankers. D G
Source
Last Update
12/04/2005
Click for D
more detail.
or
G
for graphic.
0.40
Proportion of Trees Infected
Grizzly Bears
Greater Yellowstone
Monitoring
0.35
0.30
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
01
02
03
04
05
Year
Amphibians
Invasive Plants
Land Birds
Trumpeter Swans
Discussion
Our preliminary results indicate that the occurrence of white pine blister rust is
widespread throughout the GYE, although in most cases, severity is at relatively low
levels.
Additional Resources
Contact(s)
Reports
Learning Center
Links
Whitebark Pine Issues
White pine blister rust
Executive Briefs
Greater Yellowstone
Monitoring
White pine blister rust, an exotic fungus first introduced
to North America in
Yellowstone Cutthroat
Geothermal
Fire
Wolves
Bison
Elk
Lake Trout
Yellowstone Volcano
Climate
Land Use
Whitebark Pine
Whitebark Pine
Proportion of Trees Infected
Grizzly Bears
Vancouver, British Columbia in 1910, enters the stomata of the whitebark pine
needles and then erupts into cankers on the branches, leading to the cessation of
cone production and the eventual death
of the tree in some cases (Tomback et al.
Source
print version
2001). White pine blister rust also requires Ribes species as an alternate host
(Tomback et al. 2001). Depending on the level of infection, a tree with white pine
blister rust can live for several years; however, saplings that are infected generally
Importance
Last
Update by blister rust also weakens the
die within three years (Koteen 2002).
Infection
12/04/2005
tree and tends to lead to death by an
accumulation of factors, including mountain
Whitebark pine is considered a “keystone” species
pine beetle, other pathogens, root diseases and
unfavorable climatic conditions
Click for D
in the subalpine ecosystem. D Its best known role
(Koteen 2002).
more detail.
in these ecosystems is as a high-energy food source
or
for a variety of wildlife species, including grizzly
G
Mountain Pine Beetle
for graphic.
bears. Dramatic declines of whitebark have been
reported throughout its range
dueGto two major
The mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) is a native insect that has
factors: 1) an introduced fungus, white pine blister
coevolved with pine forests in the western U.S. (Logan and Powell 2001). Host
rust; and 2) heavy mortality from endemic mountain
0.40
tree species of mountain pine beetle include: ponderosa pine, lodgepole pine,
pine beetle.
0.35
western white pine and whitebark pine (Kipfmueller
and Swetnam 2002). In some
0.30 pine beetle plays a significant role in its
species, such as lodgepole pine, mountain
Status
continuation on the landscape through providing
periodic disturbances that kill
0.25
trees and create vast tracks of dead needles
that
serve as fine fuels for fire ignition
0.20
• Thirty six of the 51 (71%)
and spread
transects
(Logan
had
andsome
Powell 2001). 0.15
indication of blister rust. G
0.10
• Although blister rust was widespread, the infection
0.05
severity was relatively low.
0.00
• The estimate proportion of trees infected with
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 01 02 03 04
blister rust within the GYE to be 0.189 ± 0.05 SE,
Year
and most infected trees had ≤2 cankers. D G
Amphibians
Invasive Plants
Land Birds
Trumpeter Swans
05
Close Window
Discussion
Our preliminary results indicate that the occurrence of white pine blister rust is
widespread throughout the GYE, although in most cases, severity is at relatively low
levels.
Additional Resources
Contact(s)
Reports
Learning Center
Links
Executive Briefs
Yellowstone Cutthroat
Geothermal
Fire
Wolves
Bison
Elk
Lake Trout
Yellowstone Volcano
Climate
Land Use
Whitebark Pine
print version
Whitebark Pine
Importance
Whitebark pine is considered a “keystone” species
in the subalpine ecosystem. D Its best known role
in these ecosystems is as a high-energy food source
for a variety of wildlife species, including grizzly
bears. Dramatic declines of whitebark have been
reported throughout its range
dueGto two major
factors: 1) an introduced fungus, white pine blister
rust; and 2) heavy mortality from endemic mountain
pine beetle.
Status
• Thirty six of the 51 (71%) transects had some
indication of blister rust. G
• Although blister rust was widespread, the infection
severity was relatively low.
• The estimate proportion of trees infected with
blister rust within the GYE to be 0.189 ± 0.05 SE,
and most infected trees had ≤2 cankers. D G
Source
Last Update
12/04/2005
Click for D
more detail.
or
G
for graphic.
0.40
Proportion of Trees Infected
Grizzly Bears
Greater Yellowstone
Monitoring
0.35
0.30
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
01
02
03
04
05
Year
Amphibians
Invasive Plants
Land Birds
Trumpeter Swans
Discussion
Our preliminary results indicate that the occurrence of white pine blister rust is
widespread throughout the GYE, although in most cases, severity is at relatively low
levels.
Additional Resources
Contact(s)
Reports
Learning Center
Links
Yellowstone Cutthroat
Geothermal
Fire
Wolves
Bison
Elk
Lake Trout
Yellowstone Volcano
Climate
Land Use
Whitebark Pine
print version
Whitebark Pine
Importance
Greater Yellowstone
http://climchange.cr.usgs.gov/data/atlas/little/pinualbi.pdf
Monitoring
1.0
Distribution
0.8
Source
Whitebark Pine
Pinus albicaulis
0.6
Whitebark pine is considered a “keystone” species0.4
in the subalpine ecosystem. D Its best known role
in these ecosystems is as a high-energy food source0.2
for a variety of wildlife species, including grizzly
bears. Dramatic declines of whitebark have been
reported throughout its range
dueGto two major0.0
1
factors: 1) an introduced fungus, white pine blister
rust; and 2) heavy mortality from endemic mountain
pine beetle.
Last Update
12/04/2005
Click for D
more detail.
or
G
for graphic.
Uninfected Transects
3 5 7 9 111315171921232527293133353739414345474951
Transect
0.40
Proportion of Trees Infected
Grizzly Bears
Proportion of Trees Infected
Executive Briefs
0.35
Figure 2. The
0.30 proportion of whitebark pine trees
infected on0.25
each of the 51 transects sampled
Status
during 20040.20arranged in rank order from most
• Thirty six of the 51 (71%) transects had some
infected to 0.15
least infected.
indication of blister rust. G
• Although blister rust was widespread, the infection
severity was relatively low.
• The estimate proportion of trees infected with
blister rust within the GYE to be 0.189 ± 0.05 SE,
and most infected trees had ≤2 cankers. D G
0.10
0.05
0.00
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
01
02
03
04
05
Year
Close Window
Amphibians
Invasive Plants
Land Birds
Trumpeter Swans
Discussion
Our preliminary results indicate that the occurrence of white pine blister rust is
widespread throughout the GYE, although in most cases, severity is at relatively low
levels.
Additional Resources
Contact(s)
Reports
Learning Center
Links
Executive Briefs
Yellowstone Cutthroat
Geothermal
Fire
Wolves
Bison
Elk
Lake Trout
Yellowstone Volcano
Climate
Land Use
Whitebark Pine
print version
Whitebark Pine
Importance
Whitebark pine is considered a “keystone” species
in the subalpine ecosystem. D Its best known role
in these ecosystems is as a high-energy food source
for a variety of wildlife species, including grizzly
bears. Dramatic declines of whitebark have been
reported throughout its range
dueGto two major
factors: 1) an introduced fungus, white pine blister
rust; and 2) heavy mortality from endemic mountain
pine beetle.
Status
• Thirty six of the 51 (71%) transects had some
indication of blister rust. G
• Although blister rust was widespread, the infection
severity was relatively low.
• The estimate proportion of trees infected with
blister rust within the GYE to be 0.189 ± 0.05 SE,
and most infected trees had ≤2 cankers. D G
Source
Last Update
12/04/2005
Click for D
more detail.
or
G
for graphic.
0.40
Proportion of Trees Infected
Grizzly Bears
Greater Yellowstone
Monitoring
0.35
0.30
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
01
02
03
04
05
Year
Amphibians
Invasive Plants
Land Birds
Trumpeter Swans
Discussion
Our preliminary results indicate that the occurrence of white pine blister rust is
widespread throughout the GYE, although in most cases, severity is at relatively low
levels.
Additional Resources
Contact(s)
Reports
Learning Center
Links
Metodología de Signos Vitales
• El primer paso es el de identificar agentes de
cambio y fuentes de estrés
• Con esta información se general modelos de
ecosistemas bajo estrés
• Con estos modelos se proponen los indicadores
a medir
• Posteriormente se les asigna un valor a los
indicadores para priorizarlos
• Por ultimo de proponen metodologías de campo
para medir los indicadores
Modelo Jerárquico de los Ecosistemas
Talleres de Planificación de CONANPRegión Noreste y Sierra Madre Oriental
• Estrategia Regional
• Hermanamiento de
Áreas Protegidas y
Parques Nacionales
• Estrategia de Cambio
Climático
• Mataremos dos Pájaros
de un solo tiro?
Talleres de Planificación de CONANPRegión Noreste y Sierra Madre Oriental
• Dos talleres en
Cuatrocienegas
• Buena aceptación del
proyecto de Signos
Vitales
• No hay algún programa
o mandato a nivel
oficinas centrales
CONANP
Talleres de Planificación de CONANPRegión Noreste y Sierra Madre Oriental
• Alianzas entre
CONANP y otras
instituciones
• Proyecto WWF
• Taller en White Sands,
NM, Mayo 2011
• Necesidad de seguir
sumando esfuerzos
Talleres de Planificación de CONANPRegión Noreste y Sierra Madre Oriental
• Formación del Comité de Monitoreo de
Signos Vitales de la Región Noreste y
Sierra Madre Oriental
• Objetivos del Comité:
– Dar seguimiento a los esfuerzos para
consolidar el Programa de Monitoreo en la
Región
– Supervisar los talleres y documentos
generados durante estos esfuerzos
– Tomar decisiones técnicas respecto a la
selección de los Signos Vitales
Integrantes del Comité de
Monitoreo de Signos Vitales
Nombre
Puesto
Carlos Sifuentes Lugo
Director, COBIO Cañón de Santa Elena-Maderas del
Carmen
Ivo García Gutiérrez
Director, Área de Protección de Flora y Fauna
Cuatrocienegas
Andrew Rhodes Espinoza
Director, Estrategia de Cambio Climático-CONANP
J. Joel Aguilar Mosqueda
Encargado de Monitoreo-Región Noreste y Sierra Madre
Oriental
Jose Antonio Dávila Paulin
Director, APRN de las Cuencas Alimentadoras de Riego del
Distrito 04 Don Martin
Lissette Leyequien Abarca
Directora, Área de Protección de Flora y Fauna Sierra La
Mojonera
Oscar Flores Sosa
Director, Area de Proteccion de Flora y Fauna Sierra de
Alvarez-El Potosi-El Gogorron
Rogelio Carrera Treviño
Profesor Titular, UANL
Haydee Parra
Programa Desierto Chihuahuense-WWF
Entonces, Por que estamos aquí?
• Objetivo a largo plazo:
– Que la Región Noreste y Sierra Madre
Oriental cuente con un programa de
monitoreo de Signos Vitales que se capaz
de dar seguimiento a los recursos
naturales, evaluar decisiones de manejo y
actividades de conservación, y de
incorporar un sistema de detección
temprana del Cambio Climático.
Información de Contacto
rogelio.carrera-trevino@ttu.edu
rogeliocarrera@hotmail.com
Skype: rogelio.carrera
Dr. Rogelio Carrera Treviño
Laboratorio de Fauna Silvestre,
Facultad de Medicina
Veterinaria y Zootecnia-UANL