by Robert Perry

Copyrights:
The images in this presentation were taken from the public domain of the Web. They are presented here for non-profit, educational purposes only, and presentations are passwordprotected to prevent open public downloads. Questions or
Comments about the contents of this presentation should be directed to me.
Thank you,
Robert Perry zalophus@ucla.edu

Presentation outline:
1- What is scientific literature?
2- What is a scientific journal?
3- What is peer-review?
4- How does publishing relate to scientific careers?
5- What is a review of literature?
6- What are primary, secondary, and tertiary sources in science?
7- What does this all mean for your own research report?

1.

Scientific LITERATURE is anything published about a field of science. It ranges from very technical sources to popular magazines, science TV shows and web sites.

2 .

The most important medium of communication in the sciences is the peer reviewed journal .

Scientific journals publish articles which summarize original research by expert scientists in a specific field.

Some examples of scientific journals:
APPLIED MATHEMATICAL MODELLING
APPLIED OPTICS
AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING
AQUACULTURE
AQUACULTURE RESEARCH
AQUATIC BOTANY
AQUATIC CONSERVATION: MARINE & FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS
ARCHIV FUR HYDROBIOLGIE
ARCHIVES OF MICROBIOLOGY
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY & SOCIOBIOLOGY
BIO SYSTEMS
BIOCHEMICAL & BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS & ECOLOGY
BIOCHEMISTRY
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA
BIOFOULING
BIOGEOCHEMISTRY
BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION
BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
BOTANICA MARINA
BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY
BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY
CHEMICAL GEOLOGY

CHEMISTRY & ECOLOGY
CHEMOSPHERE
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES = SCIENTIA ATMOSPHERICA SINICA
CLADISTICS
CLIMATE DYNAMICS
CLIMATIC CHANGE
COASTAL ENGINEERING
COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY & PHYSIOLOGY.
COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES
CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH
CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY & PETROLOGY
CRETACEOUS RESEARCH
CURRENT ADVANCES IN ECOLOGICAL & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS
DYNAMICS OF ATMOSPHERES & OCEANS
EARTH & PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
EARTH OBSERVATION & REMOTE SENSING
ARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS
THE JOURNAL OF THE BRITISH GEOMORPHOLOGICAL RESEARCH GROUP
EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING & STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS
ECLOGAE GEOLOGICAE HELVETIAE : JOURNAL OF THE SWISS GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY
ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING
ECOLOGICAL MODELLING
EMBO JOURNAL
ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
ENVIRONMENTAL SOFTWARE
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY
ESTUARINE, COASTAL & SHELF SCIENCE
ETHOLOGY

EUROPEAN METEOROLOGICAL BULLETIN = EUROPAISCHER WETTERBERICHT
FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
FISHERIES RESEARCH : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON FISHERIES SCIENCE
FORTSCHRITTE DER CHEMIE ORGANISCHER NATURSTOFFE
FRESHWATER BIOLOGY
GENE
GEOARCHAEOLOGY
GEOCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL
GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
GEODERMA
GEOLOGICAL JOURNAL
GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA MEMOIR
GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA SPECIAL PAPERS
GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON JOURNAL
GEOLOGY OF THE PACIFIC OCEAN
GEOMORPHOLOGY
GEOPHYSICAL & ASTROPHYSICAL FLUID DYNAMICS
GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
GEOTHERMICS
GLOBAL ATMOSPHERE & OCEAN SYSTEM
HYDROBIOLOGIA
INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGY REVIEW
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS & MINING SCIENCES
INTERNATIONALE REVUE DER GESAMTEN HYDROBIOLOGIE
JOURNAL OF APPLIED GEOPHYSICS
JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC & SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS
JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY
JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY

JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH PARTS S & M
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY.
JOURNAL OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES & APPLICATIONS
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY & ECOLOGY
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY
JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY
JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION
JOURNAL OF GEODESY
JOURNAL OF GEODYNAMICS
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH A--E
JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
JOURNAL OF ICHTHYOLOGY
JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY
JOURNAL OF MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
JOURNAL OF MARINE RESEARCH
JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS
JOURNAL OF METAMORPHIC GEOLOGY
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY
JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY
JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS
JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
JOURNAL OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN EARTH SCIENCES
Etc.

In Life Sciences, there are over
9,000 different journals worldwide. Each year these journals publish over 500,000 articles reporting work done in this branch of science.

1.
The on-going research process

1.
Propose
Research
The on-going research process

1.
Propose
Research 2.
$$
Grant
The on-going research process

1.
Propose
Research
The on-going research process
2.
$$
Grant
3.
Conduct
Research

1.
Propose
Research
The on-going research process
2.
$$
Grant
3.
Conduct
Research 4.
P U B L I S H
Journal Article

Examples of journal articles:

The most important medium of communication in the sciences is the peer reviewed journal .

3 .

PEER REVIEW is an organized method for evaluating scientific work which is used by scientists to certify the correctness of procedures, establish the plausibility of results, and allocate scarce resources such as journal space , research funds, recognitions and special honors.

PEER REVIEW is the defining characteristic of scholarly scientific journals.

A review board or referee board must study, scrutinize and try to find any errors in a proposed article before is is accepted for publication in a scientific journal.

1.
Propose
Research
PRV
PRV = PEER
REVIEW
2.
$$
Grant
3.
Conduct
Research 4.
PRV
P U B L I S H
Journal Article

4 .

Journal articles are the end product of scientific research.

Publishing articles is what research scientists DO .

If you do not publish articles then you are not a research scientist.
old saying:
“publish or perish”

5 .

A literature review is usually part of the Introduction to a journal article.

The Introduction
... tells the history behind the research decribed in the article. The review of literature is the story of the research findings of the past that led up to the current project.
... states the scientific purpose , explaining what the research will accomplish.

The lit. review is a summary of all the relevant previously published articles.

Articles cited in the Introduction are referenced in the Bibliography .

Articles referenced in the
Bibliography are cited in the
Introduction .

6 .

Scientific journals are primary sources of literature.

- Review series.
- Abstracts.
Reviews and abstracts are published periodically to present an organized summary of all the journal articles that have come out in a specific field and within a specific time frame.

- Science magazines
- Newspapers
- TV shows
- Web sites
- Nature videos
- Textbooks

7 .

Your long term research report is modeled after a journal article !

Title
Name(s)
Introduction
Abstract:
(some journals ask the author to abstract his/her own article)
Materials
(page 2)

Your Title
Your Name
Your
Introduction
Your
Materials

Your Intro will summarize each of the articles you read. It will summarize how they relate to the purpose and the results of your long term research this year.

Each article you read must be cited using the authors last name and the date his work was published.

Each article you read must be cited using the authors last name and the date his work was published.

Summary:
1- What is scientific literature?
2- What is a scientific journal?
3- What is peer-review?
4- How does publishing relate to scientific careers?
5- What is a review of literature?
6- What are primary, secondary, and tertiary sources in science?
7- What does this all mean for your own research report?

THE
END