Vert Bio Jeopardy
1st Exam
Review
E0164 in Lago
Wed 6:10-8:00 PM
Fish
Amphibians
Reptiles
Birds
100
100
100
100
100 100
200
200
200
200
200 200
300
300
300
300
300
300
400
400
400
400
400
400
500
500
500
500
500
500
Mammals
Misc.
Fish 100 points
What period did fish
dominant?
Answer
• Devonian (Age of Fishes)
Amphibians 100 points
Name the 3 extant orders of
Amphibia.
Answer
• Caudata
• Anura
• Gymnophiona
Reptiles 100 points
Birds are monophyletic group
whereas reptiles are
____________ group.
Answer
• Paraphyletic
Birds 100 points
What’s the purpose of a
keeled sternum?
Answer
• Allows for larger pectoral muscles
• Wings capable of flapping motion
Mammals 100 points
Describe heterodont dentition
Answer
• The specialization of mammals teeth to target
specific food
Misc. 100 points
Describe the difference between
the axial and appendicular
skeleton.
Answer
• Axial- The cranium, vertebrae, and
ribs/sternum
• Appendicular- limbs, pectoral and pelvic
girdles
Fish 200 points
What jawless fish may tie itself in
knots and what purpose does this
serve?
Answer
• Myxini (hagfish)
• As a defense mechanism- too large to swallow
and digestion
Amphibians 200 points
Name the missing link that had a
perfect mix of fish and amphibian
features.
Answer
• Also known for having fin with wrists
• Tiktaalik
Reptiles 200 points
What allowed reptiles to break
the tie to water?
For an extra 100 pts
describe 3 features of this.
Answer
Birds 200 points
• Feathers derived from ___________ and what
evidence is there to prove this?
Answer
• Scales in retiles
• Keratin
Mammals 200 points
What was the major
evolutionary event that
allowed mammals to move
more efficiently in contrast to
reptiles?
Answer
• The shift from legs being at right angles to
under the body
– Allowed for more rapid and efficient movement
– Support for more weight.
Misc. 200 points
What is the retention of juvenile
characteristics on into adulthood?
Answer
• Paedomorphism
Amphibian 300 points
Name three feature of
Lissamphibia ( Modern
Amphibians)
Daily Double!
Answer
•
•
•
•
•
•
Loss of bone in skull
Loss of scales
Most with 4 digits (not 5)
2 middle ear bones
Weak teeth
3 chambered heart
Reptiles 300 points
Name 3 reptilian characteristics
Answer
• Amniotic egg with yolk (most lay eggs on land)
• lack larval stages
• Impermeable skin: scales or plates of keratin
cover & protect body
• Breath via lungs
• Ectotherms (except dinosaurs/birds)
• Generally 3-chambered heart
• (crocodiles & birds have 4)
Birds 300 points
Explain the difference between
endothermy vs homeothermy.
Answer
• Endothermy = control body temperatures
through internal means such as muscle
shivering or fat burning
• Homeothermy = thermoregulation that
maintains a stable internal body temperature
regardless of external influence
– Ex) Humans – 98.6 degrees F
Fish 300 points
What is an extant organism found
today that has remained
unchanged through time?
Answer
• Living fossil
• Like tuatara
Mammals 300 points
• What is the purpose of skull fenestrae?
• For an additional 100 pts, explain what does it
mean to be an anapsid, synapsid, diapsid and
provide an example of each.
Answer
• Allows for less weight in the skull without
sacrificing strength
• Ability to attach more muscle to skull in a
more efficient manner
Misc. 300 points
Which muscle type is
associated with limbs, body
core, and respiration?
For an additional 50 pts
name the other 2 muscle
types.
Answer
• Skeletal muscles
• Smooth and cardiac muscles
Fish 400 points
Describe the unique feature of the
Ceratodontomorpha.
Answer
• During dry periods form cocoon, aestivate in
mud
Amphibians 400 points
Name 3 predictions why amphibians
moved to land.
Answer
Ocean becoming crowded
Predation High
Competitave Avoidance
Food available on land
Reptiles 400 points
What is convergent evolution and
provide an example
Answer
• The reoccurrence of a trait multiple times
through time.
• Example of four chamber heart in crocodiles
and mammals
Birds 400 points
Name 4 characteristics for the
evolution of flight to occur
Answer
Hollow Bones
The reduction of gonads in off season
Feathers
Rapid digestion
Mammals 400 points
Describe the jaw articulation
shift from reptiles to
mammals.
Answer
• The shift from
– Reptiles : articular/ quadrate articulation
• Jaw used in minor role for hearing
– Mammals : Squamosal/ dentary
• The articular/ quadrate moved to the inner ear to aid in
better hearing
Misc. 400 points
Name the 5 eras we discussed in
class and what clade it corresponds
with.
Answer
Devonian – Fish
Carboniferous – Amphibians
Mesozoic- Reptiles
Cretaceous- Birds
Cenozoic- Mammals
Fish 500 points
Name 3 characteristics of
Osteichthyes
Answer
•
•
•
•
Skeleton of bone
Thin, overlapping scales
Paired fins
Swim bladder - pouch derived from esophagus
w/air volume regulated for buoyancy
Amphibian 500 points
Name 4 problems with the move to land
Answer
• Gravity – skeleton must now support weight
• Locomotion – propulsion must change (more use of limbs)
• Breathing – Oxygen more concentrated in air than water,
but gills function poorly in air and desiccate quickly
• Feeding – must use jaws, teeth, and tongue to secure food
(suction feeding not sufficient)
• Reproduction – eggs desiccate quickly
• Outer covering – desiccation
• Pumping blood (gravity constraints)
Reptiles 500 points
Name the 3 taxanomic groups
within Squamata that are not
monophyletic
Answer
Serpentes (Snakes)
Amphisbaenia (worm lizards)
Lacertilia (lizards)
Birds 500 points
Explain the ground up hypothesis
and why it doesn’t work.
Answer
•
•
•
•
Cursorial Hypothesis II (ground-up hypothesis)
Refined trees down hypothesis
Wings used to catch prey out of air
Wrong- For flight to occur lift and thrust is
needed
• less friction doesn’t allow more lift ex) car
anology
Mammals 500 points
Explain the 3 rules of
morphological variation in
endotherms.
Answer
• Bergmann’s Rule – endotherms tend to be
larger in colder climates
• Allen’s Rule – extremeties of endotherms vary
inversely w/body size
• Gloger’s Rule – endotherms living in arid
regions tend to be lighter in coloration
Misc. 500 points
Chronologically name the
structures of an entire muscle.
Answer
•
•
•
•
•
•
Muscle cell
Fascicle
Micro Fibers
Myofibrils
Myofilaments
Myosin and actin