DIGITAL CITIZENSHIP PROJECT
Kelley Hopkins
ED 505
WHAT IS DIGITAL CITIZENSHIP

Digital citizenship includes rules and guidelines to
help technology users understand how to use
technology appropriately
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Categories of Digital Citizenship
Netiquette
 Copyright and Fair Use
 Plagiarism
 Safety on the Internet
 Safety on the Computer
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NETIQUETTE ON SOCIAL MEDIA SITES
NETIQUETTE ON SOCIAL SITES
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What is netiquette?

Netiquette is network etiquette, or a set of rules for
behaving properly online
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Guidelines exist for understanding how to behave
when in cyberspace
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A complete list of guidelines can be found at
http://www.albion.com/netiquette/corerules.html
NETIQUETTE ON SOCIAL SITES
Do’s and Don’ts of Social Netiquettes
DO…
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Behave ethically
Take time to research places you go online
Put your best foot forward (others can see what you put online,
even your boss!)
Share knowledge
Be forgiving of others mistakes
(Shea, 2011)
NETIQUETTE ON SOCIAL SITES
DON’T…
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Participate in “flaming,” which is when people express strong
opinions without holding back emotion (Shea, 2011)
Invade other’s privacy
Forget you are interacting with humans
Abuse your power
Send SPAM or chain e-mails
(Shea, 2011)
COPYRIGHT AND FAIR USE
COPYRIGHT AND FAIR USE
Copyright is defined by Merriam Webster as…
“the exclusive legal right to reproduce,
publish, sell or redistribute the matter
and form of something (as a literary, musical, or
artistic work)”
(Merriam Webster, 2012)
COPYRIGHT AND FAIR USE
Copyright Categories Include:
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Literary works
Musical works
Dramatic works
Choreographic works
Pictorial, graphic, and sculptural works
Motion pictures and AV works
Sound recordings
Architectural works
(Parness, 2012)
COPYRIGHT AND FAIR USE
Fair Use is defined by Merriam Webster as…
“a legal doctrine that portions of copyrighted
materials may be used without permission of the
copyright owner provided the use is fair and
reasonable, does not substantially impair the
value of the materials, and does not curtail the
profits reasonably expected by the owner”
(Merriam-Webster, 2012)
COPYRIGHT AND FAIR USE

Fair use allows for copyrighted materials to be used
for educational purposes without needing permission
from the owners of the material

Fair use depends on four factors:
 The purpose of the used material
 The nature of the used material
 The amount of material used
 The affect on the market of the original owner
(Crews, 2011)
COPYRIGHT AND FAIR USE
Fair Use Rules for Media
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Teachers can make copies of…
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A chapter from a book (the lesser of 10% or 1000 words)
An article from a periodical
A short story, essay, or poem (poem of 250 words of less)
Copies of an article, essay, or story (2500 words or less or
less than 10 %)
Copies of charts, graphs, diagrams, or pictures (no more
than 10% or 5 images/artist
Music (up to 10% but no longer than 30 seconds)
(UMUC, 2011)
PLAGIARISM
PLAGIARISM
Plagiarize is defined by Merriam Webster as…
“to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of
another) as one's own : use (another's
production) without crediting the source “
Or
“to commit literary theft : present as new and
original an idea or product derived from an
existing source”
(Merriam-Webster, 2012)
PLAGIARISM
How to Avoid Plagiarism

Learn:
 How
to cite sources and give credit where credit is
due
 In-text
citations as well as a reference page
 How
to paraphrase correctly
 To use your own ideas
(The College Board, 2012)
PLAGIARISM
Ways to Check For Plagiarism
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There are many websites that will check for
plagiarism. These include:
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Turnitin.com
Plagiarismchecker.com
Academicplagiarism.com
Checkforplagiarism.net
SAFETY ON THE INTERNET
SAFETY ON THE INTERNET
Safety Issues on the Internet Include…
Identity Theft
 Reputation Management
 Password Safety
 Cyberbullying
 Cyberstalking
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SAFETY ON THE INTERNET
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Identity theft occurs when someone steals your identify
information, such as your name, social security number, or
financial information
As many as 9 million Americans have their identity stolen each
year
Identity theft happens by:
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Dumpster diving
Skimming
Phishing (SPAM e-mail)
Changing your address
(FTC, 2012)
SAFETY ON THE INTERNET
Ways to Protect Yourself from Identity Theft
 Monitor
all accounts on a monthly basis
 Be aware of what is happening to your accounts
 Check your credit reports regularly
 BE AWARE!
SAFETY ON THE INTERNET
Steps to Managing Your Online Reputation
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Register your username on websites
Manage privacy settings carefully
Set up monitor alerts to catch every mention of your name
Get involved in the online conversation
Build credibility
(Outspoken Media, 2011)
SAFETY ON THE INTERNET
Choosing Passwords
 Your
password authenticates who you are to your
computer
 Computer users should choose strong passwords
that are difficult to decipher
 Computer users should also take every caution to
safeguard their passwords
SAFETY ON THE INTERNET
How to Choose a Good Password
 Choose
a password with at least six characters
 Mix upper and lower case with other punctuation
 Use uncommon phrases
 Use misspelled words
 Use a password that would be random to anyone
but yourself
(Wells, 2012)
SAFETY ON THE INTERNET
Tips for Safeguarding a Password
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Do NOT share your password with anyone
Make your password something easy to remember
Make your password difficult for others to guess
Do NOT fall victim to an e-mail scam asking for you to
change your password
(Wells, 2012)
SAFETY ON THE INTERNET
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Cyberbullying is defined as…
“when a child, preteen or teen is tormented, threatened,
harassed, humiliated, embarrassed or otherwise targeted
by another child, preteen or teen using the Internet,
interactive and digital technologies or mobile phones. It
has to have a minor on both sides, or at least have been
instigated by a minor against another minor.”
(Wired Kids, 2012)
SAFETY ON THE INTERNET

There are two types of cyberbullying
 Direct
attacks: those sent directly to the child
 Direct
attacks may be perpetrated through text, e-mail,
on blogs, websites, or other social media
 Cyberbullying
by proxy: where the bullying is done
using the help of another person, either knowingly
or unknowingly
 Cyberbullying
by proxy can sometimes become even
more dangerous if adults become involved
(Wired Kids, 2012)
SAFETY ON THE INTERNET
Preventing cyberbullying can be done by:
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Educating children about the consequences
Teaching children how to respect each other and take
a stand
Explaining cyberbullying laws to children
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Great information about cyberbullying can
be found at www.stopcyberbullying.org
(Wired Kids, 2012)
SAFETY ON THE INTERNET
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Cyberstalking is “threatening behavior or unwanted
advances directed at another using the Internet and
other forms of online and computer communications”
Cyberstalkers stalk their victims through online media,
such as chat rooms, forums, and e-mail
Some cyberstalking situations advance to off-line
stalking, which can result in excessive phone calls,
threats, vandalism, and even assault
(National Center for Victims of Crime, 2011)
SAFETY ON THE INTERNET
Help for victims of cyberstalking
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Victims under age 18 should tell an adult
Send the stalker a clear warning in written
form that the communication is not wanted
File a complaint with Internet providers
Collect evidence and documentation
Keep a log of communication
Contact local authorities
Change personal information, such as e-mail addresses and
phone numbers
(National Center for Victims of Crime, 2011)
SAFETY ON YOUR COMPUTER
SAFETY ON YOUR COMPUTER
Safety on your computer can be
compromised by:
 Viruses
 Phishing
 Trojan
Horses
 Worms
SAFETY ON YOUR COMPUTER

According to Merriam Webster, a virus is…
“a computer program usually hidden within another seemingly
innocuous program that produces copies of itself and inserts
them into other programs or files, and that usually performs a
malicious action (such as destroying data)”
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There are two categories of viruses
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Macro virus
Worms
Viruses are always man-made, but they can’t always
be controlled once they are started
(Merriam Webster, 2012; UITS, 2010)
SAFETY ON YOUR COMPUTER
Facts about computer viruses
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A virus is the result of a program someone has written and placed
inside a computer program
Some viruses can erase all the information on the place it is found
inside your computer
Once in your computer, a virus hides in a computer’s memory and
starts duplicating itself when the program it is attached to is run
Viruses can affect RAM and computer discs
Programs have been developed to detect and fix viruses found on a
computer
(Beal, 2011)
SAFETY ON YOUR COMPUTER
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Phishing is a method of online identity theft
Phishers can steal your personal and financial data
Phishers can also infect your computer with viruses
Phishing involves:
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Planning
Setup
Attack
Collection
Identity theft / fraud
(How Stuff Works, 2011)
SAFETY ON YOUR COMPUTER
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A trojan horse is a program that does something that the installer is
unaware of but the programmer
planned
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A trojan horse appears to be useful software
but does damage to your computer once
it is installed
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Trojan horses can cause serious damage to
your computer by deleting important files or destroying
system information
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Trojan horses to not reproduce to infect other files or self-replicate
(Beal, 2011)
SAFETY ON YOUR COMPUTER
Worms
Are a sub-class of a computer virus
 Can spread from computer to computer without human
help
 Can replicate itself on your system, thus sending out
thousands of copies rather than just one virus
 Can travel across networks, causing individual, server,
and network problems

(Beal, 2011)
SAFETY ON YOUR COMPUTER
Preventing Computer Attacks
 Keep your Operating System up to date
 Install an anti-virus software, such as Norton
Anti-Virus
 Download

updates frequently
Use a firewall to prevent unauthorized use of
your system
(Beal, 2011)
REFERENCES
Beal, V. (2011, March 29). The difference between a computer virus, worm, and trojan horse.
Retrieved from http://www.webopedia.com/DidYouKnow/Internet/2004/virus.asp
Copyright. 2012. In Merriam-Webster.com. Retrieved February 8, 2012, from
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/copyright
Crews, K. (2011, December 22). Copyright quick guide. Retrieved from
http://copyright.columbia.edu/copyright/copyright-in-general/copyright-quickguide
Fair Use. 2012. In Merriam-Webster.com. Retrieved February 9, 2012, from
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/fairuse
FTC. (2012). Fighting back against identity theft. Retrieved from
http://www.ftc.gov/bcp/edu/microsites/idtheft/consumers/about-identity-theft.html
How Stuff Works. (2011). How phishing works. Retrieved from
http://computer.howstuffworks.com/phishing.htm
National Center for Victims of Crime. (2011). Cyberstalking. Retrieved from
http://www.ncvc.org/ncvc/main.aspx?dbName=DocumentViewer&DocumentID=32458
Outspoken Media. (2011). The online reputation management guide. Retrieved from
http://outspokenmedia.com/guides/orm-guide/
Parness, A. (2012). Copyright basics. Retrieved from
http://www.copyrightkids.org/cbasicsframes.htm
Plagiarize. 2012. In Merriam-Webster.com. Retrieved February 9, 2012, from
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/plagiarize
REFERENCES
Shea, V. (2011). The core rules of netiquette. Retrieved from
http://www.albion.com/netiquette/corerules.html
The College Board. (2012). How to avoid plagiarism: Give credit where credit's due. Retrieved
from http://www.collegeboard.com/student/plan/college-success/10314.html
UITS. (2010). What are viruses, worms, & trojan horses. Retrieved from
http://kb.iu.edu/data/aehm.html
University of Maryland College. (2011, January 28). Copyright and fair use in the umuc online
or face-to-face classroom . Retrieved from
http://www.umuc.edu/library/libhow/copyright.cfm
Viruses. 2012. In Merriam-Webster.com. Retrieved February 9, 2012, from
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/viruses
Wells, S. (2012, January 16). Choosing a good password. Retrieved from
http://www.ghostnetinc.com/index.php/2012/01/16/choosing-a-good-password/
Wired Kids. (2012). Stop cyberbullying. Retrieved from
http://www.stopcyberbullying.org/what_is_cyberbullying_exactly.html