Exposure Moments
Watkins
Drafting Classes
2007
PARTHENON
PARTHENON
• Ratio of x = 2x + 1
– front to side
– diameter of the columns to the spacing between columns, center
to center
– height of the order (including the entablature) of the width of the
ends
• There are no truly straight lines
– the base and entablature are curved
– The columns have a curved taper that starts about two-fifths of
the way up the shaft.
– None of the columns are perfectly vertical where they all have an
inward inclination of roughly 2 ½ inches and the thicker corner
columns incline on the diagonal.
Pyramids of Giza
Pyramids of Giza
 Perhaps no other monument has been
subjected to such probing analysis, serious
scientific study and silly conjecture as the Giza
trio.
 Not surpassed by the Egyptians, all three are
perfectly aligned toward the North Star and the
perpendicular axis of the sun.
 They were built for a king Khufu, his son, Khafre and
later on his son, Menkare. That is in order of size as
well. Yet none of this has applied to villages and
houses of the average man.
PANTHEON
PANTHEON
• “Temple of all the Gods”
• Originally built by Marcus Agrippa of Rome
around 27 BC, burned down a few times and
rebuilt by Hadrian in 120 AD
• Called a Greek temple front connecting to a
circular domed rotunda with an oculus
• Most difficult attempt at a building for its
time
– Dome, oculus, materials used
ERECHTHEION
ERECHTHEION
• The last major building constructed on the Akropolis and
the most unusual, it was built over the graves of the
kings Erechtheus and Kekrops.
• The competition between Poseidon and Athena. The
sea god struck the rocks and a salt water spring sprung
.
up, where the goddess offered
an olive tree. The people
chose Athena as its guardian.
• Six Ionic columns on the east, four Ionic columns on
larger porch on the north leading to the chamber of
Erechtheus, on the west blank area for the olive tree and
to the south the Porch of Maidens over the grave of
Kekrops, six supports in the form of maidens with crowns
on the heads instead of columns.
“Temple of Abu Simbel”
“Temple of Abu Simbel”
• First monument built into the side of a
mountain, in 1264 BC by Ramesses II as a
tribute to his alleged victory over the
Nubians.
• He and his most famous wife, Nefertari,
had their heads with the bodies of their
gods: Amun Ra, Ra Harakhti and Ptah.
Flavian Amphitheatre
Flavian Amphitheatre
• Completed in 80 AD under Roman
emperor Titus, but started by Vespasian
• Used for dramas, gladiatorial contests,
executions, animal hunts, war reenactments including ones at sea.
• Four level of columns to represent orders
– Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, Corinthian pilasters
Propylea
Propylea
• Means “front gate”
• Built by Mnesicles under the direction of Pericles
(23 times)
 As one entered the Propylaia, you were
introduced to “the Champion” Athena
Promachos.
• There are five gates
– one for the central passageway, ground,
– two on either side at the level of the building.
– The central passageway was the culmination of the
Sacred Way, which led to the Acropolis
Pyramid of Zoser
Pyramid of Zoser
 One successful and abrupt revolution in
Egyptian Architecture occurred with the creation
of a tomb complex by Imhotep.
 Around 2750 BC, he substituted limestone for
the mud brick, bundled reeds, and tree trunks
that had been used in royal buildings up to that
time.
 Standing 197 feet high, it is one of the best
known examples of a stepped pyramid.
Roman Baths
Roman Baths
Roman Baths
• Early baths generally had dressing room
suites and bathing chambers with hot- ,
warm- , and cold-water baths alongside an
exercise area.
• Later, baths became progressively
grander, incorporating libraries, lecture
halls, and vast vaulted public spaces
elaborately decorated with statues,
mosaics, and paintings.
Temple of Athena Nike
Temple of Athena Nike
 One temple, small as it may be, was dedicated
to the goddess Athena Nike, the goddess of
victory.
 its small size was compensated for in its
position, resting on a rocky outcrop
 It is the first element of the Akropolis. On the
front were four delicate Ionic columns on each
end which is in contrast of the Propylaia with its
Doric columns.
Maison Carree
Maison Carree
• Built in about 19-20 B.C. by Marcus
Vipsanius Agrippa of Rome, the name is
French meaning 'Squared House'
• The façade is dominated by a deep portico or
porch, almost a third of the building's length.
• It is a pseudoperipteral hexastyle design with
six Corinthian columns and twenty engaged
columns embedded along the walls of the
cella
Old St. Peter’s Basilica
Old St. Peter’s Basilica
Old St. Peter’s Basilica
• Constantine, King of Roman and “first”
noteworthy Christian.
• Lasted from 326 – 1544
• Consisted of five aisles, a wide central
nave and two smaller aisles to each side
• The nave ended with an arch, which held
a mosaic of Constantine and Saint Peter
San Vitale
• 526-547 in Ravenna,
Italy, unknown architect
• Dome, arched
doorways, stepped
towers combined with
polygonal apse,
capitals and narrow
bricks
• Octagonal Plan
• Mosaics of stories from
the Bible
Hagia Sophia
Hagia Sophia
• First a basilica, then a mosque, now a
museum
• Combines the central focus of domed
Roman buildings with directional focus of
Roman basilicas
• Dome’s weight is transmitted to a series of
half domes and barrel vaults, and bulky
buttresses at the corners