The Writing Process
•Planning and
Shaping
•Drafting
•Revising
•Editing
© 2003 Prentice Hall
wpro
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
WRITING AS PROCESS: AN OVERVIEW
PLANNING AND SHAPING
WRITING OR DRAFTING
EDITING: EVALUATING YOUR DRAFT CRITICALLY AND MAKING
CHANGES
WRITING AS PROCESS: LET’S COMPARE METHODS
PLANNING AND SHAPING: PART I
PLANNING AND SHAPING: PART II
DRAFTING
REVISING & EDITING
COMPARISON
GRANT WOOD’S AMERICAN GOTHIC
AMERICAN GOTHIC: WRITING AS PROCESS EXERCISE
PLANNING AND SHAPING
DRAFTING
REVISING
EDITING
Planning and Shaping
•Freewriting
•Clarifying Goals
•Thesis Sentences
•The Informal Outline
•The Formal Outline
© 2003 Prentice Hall
ps
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
FREEWRITING
CLARIFYING GOALS
THESIS SENTENCES FOR REVISION
SAMPLE THESIS #1
SAMPLE THESIS #2
SAMPLE THESIS #3
SAMPLE THESIS #4
SAMPLE THESIS #5
SAMPLE THESIS #6
THE INFORMAL OUTLINE
THE INFORMAL OUTLINE
THE FORMAL OUTLINE
OUTLINE FORMAT
EDGAR DEGAS’ DANCERS IN THE FOYER
DANCERS IN THE FOYER: WRITING AS PROCESS EXERCISE
PLANNING AND SHAPING
DRAFTING
REVISING
EDITING
Drafting and Revising
•Drafting
•Revising
dr
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
© 2003 Prentice Hall
THREE WAYS TO DRAFT
WRITE A DISCOVERY DRAFT
WRITE A STRUCTURED FIRST DRAFT
COMBINE APPROACHES
HOW CAN YOU GET THE PERSPECTIVE TO REVISE YOUR ESSAY
WELL?
REVISING FOR EVIDENCE AND DETAIL
“ROLE YOUR OWN”
“ROLE YOUR OWN” (con’t)
“ROLE YOUR OWN” (con’t)
“ROLE YOUR OWN” (con’t)
A STRATEGY FOR REVISING “ROLE YOUR OWN”
REVISING “ROLE YOUR OWN”
REVISING “ROLE YOUR OWN” (con’t)
REVISING “ROLE YOUR OWN” (con’t)
REVISING “ROLE YOUR OWN” (con’t)
WILLIAM GLACKENS’ FAMILY GROUP
SPRINGBOARD FOR WRITING: DRAFTING AND REVISING
PLANNING AND SHAPING
DRAFTING
REVISING
EDITING
Writing Paragraphs
•Revising for Unity
•Revising for
Coherence
•Revising for
Arrangement
•Comparison and
Contrast
•Cause and Effect
•Introductory
Paragraphs
•Concluding
Paragraph
Strategies
© 2003 Prentice Hall
wpar
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
REVISING FOR PARAGRAPH UNITY
SAMPLE PARAGRAPH #1
REVISED FOR UNITY
REVISING FOR COHERENT SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT
SAMPLE PARAGRAPH #2
REVISED FOR SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT
REVISING FOR COHERENCE: CLIMACTIC ARRANGEMENT
SAMPLE PARAGRAPH #3
REVISED FOR CLIMACTIC ARRANGEMENT
REVISING PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENT : COMPARISON AND
CONTRAST
SAMPLE PARAGRAPH #4
REVISED TO INTRODUCE COMPARISON
REVISING FOR DEVELOPMENT: CAUSE AND EFFECT
SAMPLE PARAGRAPH #5
REVISED TO EMPHASIZE CAUSE AND EFFECT
INTRODUCTORY STRATEGIES: SOME GUIDELINES FOR INTRODUCTORY
PARAGRAPHS
AVOID THESE IN INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPHS
CONCLUDING STRATEGIES: SOME GUIDELINES
WHAT TO AVOID IN CONCLUDING PARAGRAPHS
HENRI ROUSSEAU’S SLEEPING GYPSY
SPRINGBOARD FOR WRITING: DRAFTING AND REVISING PARAGRAPHS
PLANNING AND SHAPING
DRAFTING
REVISING
REVISING
EDITING
DISCUSSION
Writing Effectively
•Revising for
Conciseness
•Revising for
Coordination or
Subordination
•Revising for
Parallelism
•Revising for Variety
•(con’t)
© 2003 Prentice Hall
we
2.
REVISING FOR CONCISENESS
3.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #1
4.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #2
5.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #3
6.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #4
7.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #5
8.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #6
9.
REVISING FOR COORDINATION OR SUBORDINATION
10.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #7
11.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #8
12.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #9
13.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #10
14.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #11
15.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #12
16.
REVISING FOR PARALLELISM
17.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #13
18.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #14
19.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #15
20.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #16
21.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #17
22.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #18
23.
REVISING FOR VARIETY
24.
EXERCISE: CREATING VARIETY
25.
VARIETY EXERCISE TEXT
(Continued on next slide)
Writing Effectively (con’t)
•Revising for Variety
(con’t)
© 2003 Prentice Hall
we
(Continued from previous slide)
26.
VARIETY EXERCISE TEXT (con’t)
27.
ANALYSIS FOR VARIETY OF SENTENCE LENGTH AND STRUCTURE
28.
ANALYSIS FOR VARIETY OF SENTENCE LENGTH AND STRUCTURE
29.
REVISED FOR VARIETY
30.
REVISED FOR VARIETY (con’t)
31.
VINCENT VAN GOGH’S FIRST STEPS
32.
FIRST STEPS: WRITING AS PROCESS EXERCISE
33.
PLANNING AND SHAPING
34.
DRAFTING
35.
REVISING
36.
EDITING
37.
DISCUSSION
The Impact of Words
•Choosing the Right
Word
•General vs. Specific
•Figurative Language
© 2003 Prentice Hall
iw
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
CHOOSING THE RIGHT WORD
GENERAL vs. SPECIFIC
GENERAL vs. SPECIFIC
FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE
FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE EXERCISE
FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE EXERCISE (Con’t)
CHOOSING THE RIGHT WORDS
SPRINGBOARD FOR WRITING
ON THEIR FEET, DANCE MARATHON BY OTTO BETTMANN
PLANNING AND SHAPING
DRAFTING
REVISING
EDITING
Sentence Structure and Punctuation
•Testing for Sentence
Completeness
•Acceptable
Sentence Joins
•Revising for Faulty
Predication
•(con’t)
© 2003 Prentice Hall
ssp
2.
SENTENCE FRAGMENTS
3.
TESTING FOR SENTENCE COMPLETENESS
4.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #1
5.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #2
6.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #3
7.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #4
8.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #5
9.
RUN-ON SENTENCES
10.
ACCEPTABLE SENTENCE JOINS
11.
REVISING TO AVOID COMMA SPLICES AND FUSED SENTENCES
12.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #6
13.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #7
14.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #8
15.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #9
16.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #10
17.
FAULTY PREDICATION
18.
REVISING FOR FAULTY PREDICATION
19.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #11
20.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #12
21.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #13
22.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #14
23.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #15
24.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #16
(Continued on next slide)
Sentence Structure and Punctuation
(con’t)
•Revising for Shifts of
Verb Tense
•Eliminating Shifts in
Person or Number
•Indefinite Pronouns
•Collective Nouns
•(con’t)
© 2003 Prentice Hall
ssp
(Continued from previous slide)
25.
REVISING FOR SHIFTS OF VERB TENSE
26.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #17
27.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #18
28.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #19
29.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #20
30.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #21
31.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #22
32.
ELIMINATING SHIFTS IN PERSON OR NUMBER
33.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #23
34.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #24
35.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #25
36.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #26
37.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #27
38.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #28
39.
REVISING FOR AGREEMENT WITH INDEFINITE PRONOUNS
40.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #29
41.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #30
42.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #31
43.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #32
44.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #33
45.
COLLECTIVE NOUNS
(Continued on next slide)
Sentence Structure and Punctuation
(con’t)
•Collective Nouns
(con’t)
•Revising for Vague
Pronoun Reference
•Revising for
Misplaced Modifiers
•(con’t)
© 2003 Prentice Hall
ssp
(Continued from previous slide)
46.
REVISING FOR AGREEMENT WITH COLLECTIVE NOUNS
47.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #34
48.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #35
49.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #36
50.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #37
51.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #38
52.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #39
53.
REVISING FOR VAGUE PRONOUN REFERENCE
54.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #40
55.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #41
56.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #42
57.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #43
58.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #44
59.
REVISING FOR MISPLACED MODIFIERS
60.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #45
61.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #46
62.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #47
63.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #48
64.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #49
65.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #50
(Continued on next slide)
Sentence Structure and Punctuation
(con’t)
•Comma Problems
•Correct Use of the
Semicolon
© 2003 Prentice Hall
ssp
(Continued from previous slide)
66.
REVISING FOR COMMA PROBLEMS
67.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #51
68.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #52
69.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #53
70.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #54
71.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #55
72.
REVISING FOR CORRECT USE OF THE SEMICOLON
73.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #56
74.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #57
75.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #58
76.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #59
77.
SAMPLE SENTENCE #60
78.
GUSTAVE CAILLEBOTE’S PARIS, A RAINY DAY
79.
SPRINGBOARD FOR EDITING
80.
EDITING
81.
EDITING PRACTICE
82.
SAMPLE PARAGRAPH #1
83.
SAMPLE PARAGRAPH #1 (con’t)
84.
EDIT AGAIN
Research
•Sources
•Bibliography
•Citations
•Plagiarism
•Paraphrase
•(con’t)
© 2003 Prentice Hall
r
2.
RESEARCH AND DOCUMENTATION
3.
FINDING A GOOD RESEARCH TOPIC OR QUESTION
4.
REFINING YOUR TOPIC
5.
FINDING SOURCES
6.
KEEP TRACK OF YOUR SOURCES
7.
USING INDEX CARDS
8.
THESIS STATEMENT
9.
CITATIONS AND PLAGIARISM
10.
WHAT IS PLAGIARISM?
11.
PLAGIARISM IS…
12.
PLAGIARISM
13.
WAYS TO AVOID PLAGIARISM
14.
WHEN IS A CITATION REQUIRED? *
15.
A CITATION INCLUDES…
16.
PRACTICE AT PARAPHRASING AND USING CITATIONS
17.
PARAPHRASE vs. PLAGIARISM
18.
ARTISTS AND ILLUSTRATORS OF THE OLD WEST
19.
ARTISTS AND ILLUSTRATORS OF THE OLD WEST (con’t)
(Continued on next slide)
Research (con’t)
•Paraphrase (con’t)
•Quotation
•Parenthetical
References in MLA
Style
© 2003 Prentice Hall
r
(Continued from previous slide)
25.
UNACCEPTABLE PARAPHRASE #1
26.
UNACCEPTABLE PARAPHRASE #1
27.
UNACCEPTABLE PARAPHRASE #2
28.
UNACCEPTABLE PARAPHRASE #2
29.
ACCEPTABLE PARAPHRASE
30.
PRACTICE EXAMPLE’S SUMMARY POINTS
31.
GUIDELINES FOR INCORPORATING QUOTATIONS
32.
GUIDELINES FOR INCORPORATING QUOTATIONS (con’t)
33.
USING PARENTHETICAL REFERENCES IN MLA STYLE
34.
USING PARENTHETICAL REFERENCES IN MLA STYLE (con’t)
35.
USING PARENTHETICAL REFERENCES IN MLA STYLE (con’t)
Special Writing Applications
•Interpretation Paper
•Strategies for Taking
Essay Tests
•Sample Format: The
Memo
© 2003 Prentice Hall
swa
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
QUESTIONS FOR AN INTERPRETATION PAPER
STRATEGIES FOR TAKING ESSAY TESTS
SAMPLE FORMAT: THE MEMO
SAMPLE FORMAT: THE MEMO (con’t)
SAMPLE FORMAT: THE MEMO (con’t)
SAMPLE FORMAT: EMAIL MESSAGE
SAMPLE FORMAT: EMAIL MESSAGE (con’t)
SAMPLE FORMAT: EMAIL MESSAGE (con’t)
EMAIL PROTOCOL
CUT THE LINE BY THOMAS HART BENTON
SPRINGBOARD FOR WRITING
YOUR MISSION
PLANNING AND SHAPING
DRAFTING
REVISING
EDITING