Science Department
Year 7 into 8
Summer Recap & Intervention Work
Name:__________________________________
Instructions:
 Read through the key points for to recap your knowledge of each of the
topics.
 Answer the quick quiz questions for each section (tick the correct answer).
Remember to hand this booklet into your teacher when you return to school in
September.
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Record Sheet
Ask your parents to complete the page below as a record of the completion of your work.
Topic
Task Completed
Parent Signature
Date
Key Point pre-reading
Cells
Quick Quiz
Structure & Function of
Body Systems
Key Point pre-reading
Quick Quiz
Key Point pre-reading
Reproduction
Quick Quiz
Key Point pre-reading
Particles & their Behaviour
Elements, Atoms &
Compounds
Quick Quiz
Key Point pre-reading
Quick Quiz
Key Point pre-reading
Acids & Alkalis
Quick Quiz
Key Point pre-reading
Forces
Quick Quiz
Key Point pre-reading
Space
Quick Quiz
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Biology- Cells - Key Points

Cells are the building blocks of life – they are the smallest units in an organism.

Scientists use microscopes to observe small objects in detail.

Animal cells contain a nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane and mitochondria.

Plant cells also contain chloroplasts, a vacuole and a cell wall.

Cytoplasm is where the chemical reactions in a cell take place.

The cell membrane is a barrier that controls what moves in and out of the cell.

The nucleus controls the cell, and contains genetic material needed to make new cells.

Respiration occurs in the mitochondria – this chemical reaction transfers energy.

The cell wall strengthens the cell and provides support.

The vacuole contains a watery liquid called cell sap. It keeps the cell firm.

Photosynthesis takes place inside the chloroplasts.

Specialised cells have changed their shape and structure so that they are suited to carry out a
particular job.

Nerve cells, red blood cells, sperm cells, leaf cells and root hair cells are specialised cells.

Diffusion is the movement of particle from a high-concentration area to a low-concentration
area. For example, water and oxygen diffuse into cells.

A unicellular organism contains only one cell.

An amoeba is a unicellular organism consisting of a cell membrane, cytoplasm and a nucleus.

Euglena appear green as they contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis. Their eye spot locates
light and they use their flagellum to swim towards it. In low light levels they can engulf food.
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Biology- Cells - Quick Quiz
1. Getting rid of waste is one of the life processes. What name is given to this process?
□ Ingestion
□ Nutrition
□ Excretion
2. What type of cell is this likely to be?
□
□
□
Animal cell
Plant cell
Impossible to tell
3. What is shown by the labelling line X?
□
□
□
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
4. What is shown by the labelling line Y?
□
□
□
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Vacuole
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5. What is the job of the nucleus?
□ To control what substances go into and out of the cell
□ To give a plant cell its shape
□ To control what happens inside the cell
6. What is the job of the cell membrane?
□ To control what substances go into and out of the cell
□ To give a plant cell its shape
□ To control what happens inside the cell
7. Which of these is only present in plant cells?
□ Membrane
□ Wall
□ Nucleus
8. What is the job of the cell wall?
□ To control what substances go into and out of the cell
□ To give a plant cell its shape
□ It is where photosynthesis happens
Quiz Score:
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Biology – Structure & Function of Body Systems - Key Points

Multicellular organisms are made of many cells. They are organised into layers: cells  tissues
 organs  organ systems  organisms.

Gas exchange takes place inside the lungs – oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is given out.

Oxygen enters the body though the mouth and nose. It then travels down the windpipe,
through a bronchus, then a bronchiole, into an alveolus and diffuses into the blood.

Exhaled air is warmer and contains more carbon dioxide and water vapour than inhaled air,
but less oxygen.

When you inhale, muscles between your ribs and the diaphragm contract. This increase the
volume inside your chest. The pressure decreases and air is drawn into the lungs.

When you exhale, muscles between your ribs and the diaphragm relax. This decreases the
volume inside your chest. The pressure increases and air is forced out of your lungs.

The skeleton is made up of bones. It has four main important functions – support the body,
protect the organs, allow movement and make blood.

Red and white blood cells are produce in the bone marrow found in the centre of some bones.

Joints occur where two or more bones join together.

Cartilage in joints stop bones rubbing together.

Bones are held together by ligaments. Muscles are attached to bones by tendons.

Antagonistic muscles are pairs of muscles that work together at a joint. When one muscle
contracts, the other muscle relaxes.
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Biology – Structure & Function of Body Systems - Quick Quiz
1. What sort of structure is the heart?
□ A tissue
□ An organ
□ An organ system
2. Which of the following is not an organ system?
□ Circulatory system
□ Nervous system
□ One-way system
3. Through what organ does air move into the lungs?
□ The windpipe
□ The alveoli
□ The diaphragm
4. What is the proper term for breathing?
□ Ventilation
□ Respiration
□ Exasperation
5. What are the tiny air sacs in the lungs called?
□ Ravioli
□ Bronchioles
□ Alveoli
6. Which organ system helps us breathe?
□ Gas exchange system
□ Circulatory system
□ Nervous system
7. What does the trachea divide into?
□ Alveoli
□ Two bronchi
□ Bronchioles
8. What happens to the diaphragm when you breathe in?
□ Contracts and moves upwards
□ Relaxes and moves downwards
□ Contracts and moves downwards
9. Which of these is an adaptation of the lungs?
□ The alveoli have a huge surface area
□ Villi are only one cell thick
□ The alveoli have very dry walls
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10. What does exercise decrease?
□ Tidal volume
□ Breathing rate
□ The risk of a heart attack
11. Which part of the gas exchange system does asthma affect?
□ The mouth
□ The bronchioles
□ The capillaries
12. What happens to the bronchioles during an asthma attack?
□ The muscles in the lining relax
□ The muscles in the lining contract
□ Less fluid is produced
13. Where are blood cells made?
□ Stomach
□ Pancreas
□ Bone marrow
14. Which part of the skeleton protects the lungs?
□ The femur
□ The rib cage
□ The skull
15. What mineral makes bone strong?
□ Oxygen
□ Iron
□ Calcium
16. What are the two bones in the lower arm called?
□ Radius and ulna
□ Tibia and fibula
□ Femur and humerus
17. What is the purpose of white blood cells?
□ To carry oxygen
□ To protect against infection
□ To speed up digestion
18. Which of these is a hinge joint?
□ Shoulder
□ Hip
□ Knee
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19. What is the smooth substance at the end of a bone called?
□ Cartilage
□ Tendon
□ Ligament
20. What sort of joint is the hip joint?
□ Hinge joint
□ Rotating joint
□ Ball and socket joint
21. How are muscles attached to bones?
□ Cartilage
□ Tendon
□ Ligament
22. Which two muscles are in your upper arm?
□ Biceps and triceps
□ Biceps and hamstrings
□ Hamstrings and quadriceps
Quiz Score:
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Biology – Reproduction - Key Points

Adolescence is the time when you change from a child to an adult.

The physical changes that your body goes through during adolescence is called puberty.
Puberty is caused by hormones.

Boys and girls have a growth spurt and grow pubic and underarm hair.

Girls develop breasts, the ovaries release egg cells and the hips widen.

Girls begin the menstrual cycle. Periods occur when the lining of the uterus breaks down. This
happens once a month.

Boys’ voices break, the testes and penis get bigger, the testes start to produce sperm,
shoulders widen, and hair grows on the face and chest.

Fertilisation in animals occurs when the nucleus of a sperm fuses with the nucleus of an egg.

The fertilised egg divides several times to form a ball of cells called an embryo. This implants in
the lining of the uterus and begins to develop into a baby.

The fetus receives nutrients and oxygen from the mother through the placenta.

Pollination occurs when pollen from the anther is transferred to the stigma.

Fertilisation in plants occurs when the nucleus of a pollen grain fuses with the nucleus of an
ovule.

The ovary becomes the fruit and ovules turn into seeds. The seeds are dispersed by either
wind, water, animals or explosion.

A seed requires warmth, oxygen and water to germinate.
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Biology – Reproduction - Quick Quiz
1. Which of the following is not a part of the male reproductive system?
□ Penis
□ Testes
□ Uterus
2. Which of the following is not a part of the female reproductive system?
□ Ovary
□ Vagina
□ Sperm duct
3. What are the male sex cells called?
□ Sperm cells
□ Sperm ducts
□ Scrotum
4. Where are the male sex cells made?
□ In the testes
□ In the sperm ducts
□ In the penis
5. What are the female sex cells called?
□ Cilia
□ Egg cells
□ Cervix
6. About how long does the menstrual cycle take?
□ About 5 days
□ About 14 days
□ About 28 days
7. What is ovulation?
□ The release of a mature egg cell
□ The loss of the lining of the uterus
□ The joining of a male sex cell and a female sex cell
8. What substance passes through the placenta to the baby?
□ Oxygen
□ Carbon dioxide
□ Blood
9. How long is gestation in humans?
□ 28 days
□ 40 weeks
□ 11 years
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10. Which change during puberty happens to boys and girls?
□ Hips widen
□ Facial hair grows
□ Underarm hair grows
For questions 11 - 16 identify the named structures on the below diagram.
11. Which letter points to the sepals?
□ I
□ A
□ H
12. Which letter points to the petals?
□ I
□ A
□ B
13. Which letter points to the stamen?
□ E
□ B
□ C
14. Which letter points to the anther?
□ E
□ B
□ H
15. Which letter points to the stigma?
□ G
□ F
□ E
16. Which letter points to the ovary?
□ G
□ F
□ H
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17. Where is pollen produced?
□ Anther
□ Stigma
□ Ovary
18. Which part of the flower develops into the fruit?
□ Ovary wall
□ Ovule
□ Stigma
19. Where does fertilisation in plants occur?
□ Ovary
□ Ovule
□ Stigma
20. How do peas disperse their seeds?
□ Wind
□ Animals
□ Self-propelled
Quiz Score:
Science Department
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Chemistry – Particles & their Behaviour - Key Points

Materials are made up of tiny particles.

A substance is made up of just one type of material.

The properties of a substance describe what it looks like and how it behaves.

The properties of a substance depend on what its particles are like and how they are arranged.

There are three states of matter – solid, liquid and gas. For a certain substance, the particles
never change. But in different states, the particles move differently and have different
arrangements.

In the solid state you cannot compress a substance or make it flow.

In the liquid state you cannot compress a substance, but you can make it flow.

In the gas state you can compress a substance and make it flow.

The change of state from solid to liquid is melting. A substance melts at its melting point. Pure
substances have sharp melting points.

A substance changes from liquid to the gas state by evaporating or boiling. A substance boils at
its boiling point.

The change of state from gas to liquid is condensing.

The change of state from liquid to solid is freezing.

Some substances change directly from the solid state to the gas state. This is subliming.

Diffusion is the random moving and mixing of particles.

Gas particles collide with the walls of their container. The collisions cause gas pressure.
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Chemistry – Particles & their Behaviour - Quick Quiz
1. In which two states are the particles randomly arranged?
□ Liquid and solid
□ Liquid and gas
□ Gas and solid
2. In which state are the particles only able to vibrate in a fixed position?
□ Solid
□ Liquid
□ Gas
3. Which state can be compressed or squashed easily?
□ Solid
□ Liquid
□ Gas
4. Which state is shown in this diagram?
□
□
□
Liquid
Solid
Gas
5. Which state cannot flow from place to place?
□ Solid
□ Liquid
□ Gas
6. Particles in which state have no bonds?
□ Liquid
□ Solid
□ Gas
7. Particles in which state sit in a regular pattern and are held together tightly by bonds?
□ Solid
□ Liquid
□ Gas
8. At room temperature, what state is mercury in?
□ Solid
□ Liquid
□ Gas
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9. What happens to the pressure of a gas when it is heated at constant volume?
□ Increases
□ No change
□ Decreases
10. When 100 grams of water is boiled, what mass of steam is made?
□ 95 grams
□ 100 grams
□ 0 grams
Quiz Score:
Science Department
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Chemistry – Elements, Atoms & Compounds – Key Points

All materials are made up of one or more elements.

Elements are substances that cannot be broken down.

There are 92 elements that exist naturally.

The Periodic Table lists all the elements.

Every element has its own chemical symbol.

An atom is the smallest part of an elements that can exist.

Every element is made up of one type of atom. All the atoms of an element are the same.

The atoms of one element are different to the atoms of all other elements.

The properties of a substance are the properties of many atoms, not just a single atom.

A compound is a substance made up of atoms of two or more elements, strongly joined
together.

The properties of a compound are different to the properties of the elements that is it made
from.

A molecule is a group of two or more atoms that are strongly joined together.

A chemical formula shows the relative number of atoms of each element in a compound.
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Chemistry – Elements, Atoms & Compounds – Quick Quiz
1. Which of these is the smallest particle?
□ An atom
□ A molecule
□ A speck of dust
2. Which of these is the correct symbol for magnesium?
□ MG
□ mg
□ Mg
3. Which statement about atoms and molecules is correct?
□ Elements always exist as separate atoms
□ Elements always exist as pairs of atoms called molecules
□ Elements and compounds can exist as molecules
4. How many different atoms are there in a compound?
□ One
□ Always two
□ Two or more
5. Approximately how many elements are there?
□ 100
□ 4
□ 1,000,000
6. Which one is a compound?
□ Water
□ Hydrogen
□ Helium
7. Which of these contains two carbon atoms and six hydrogen atoms?
□ CH4
□ C2H6
□ C2H4
8. Which of these contains four hydrogen atoms?
□ CH3OH
□ H2O
□ H2O2
9. How many atoms are there in total in a molecule of sulfur trioxide, SO3?
□ Two
□ Three
□ Four
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10. Why does air not have a definite formula?
□ It contains different amounts of water depending on where you are
□ It depends on the temperature
□ It is not a compound
11. Does this show an element, a mixture or a compound?
□
□
□
Compound
Mixture
Element
12. Is water an element, compound or mixture?
□ Element
□ Compound
□ Mixture
Quiz Score:
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Chemistry – Acids & Alkalis – Key Points

The pH scale shows how acidic or alkaline a solution is.

Acids have pH values below 7. The lower the pH, the more acidic the solution.

Alkaline solutions have pH values above 7. The higher the pH, the more alkaline the solution.

Neutral solutions are neither acidic nor alkaline. Their pH is exactly 7.

Indicators change colour to show whether a solution is acidic or alkaline.

Universal indicator changes colour to show the pH of a solution.

Litmus is an indicator. Blue litmus paper turns red on adding acid. Red litmus paper turns blue
on adding an alkaline solution.

In a neutralisation reaction, an acid cancels out a base, or a base cancels out an acid.

A base is a substance that neutralises an acid.

An alkali is a soluble base.

Adding bases or acids to soil can change the pH, making it suitable for different crops.

Adding a base to an acidic lake increase the pH, making it suitable for different plants and
animals.

If an acid reacts with a base, there are two products – a salt and water.

If an acid reacts with a metal, there are two products – a salt and hydrogen.

Sulfuric acid makes sulfate salts, hydrochloric acid makes chloride salts and nitric acids makes
nitrate salts.
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Chemistry – Acids & Alkalis – Quick Quiz
1. What does this hazard symbol mean?
□
□
□
Corrosive
Irritant
Harmful
2. Which of these acids is most likely to be dangerous?
□ Citric acid
□ Carbonic acid
□ Hydrochloric acid
3. Which statement about bases is true?
□ They are all alkalis
□ They can neutralise acids
□ They are all soluble
4. Which statement about alkalis is true?
□ They are all bases
□ They cannot neutralise acids
□ They are all insoluble
5. What name is given to a hazardous substance that can burn through skin and other
substances?
□ Toxic
□ Irritant
□ Corrosive
6. Which of these is not a base?
□ Copper oxide
□ Sodium hydroxide
□ Sulfur dioxide
7. What sort of substance is found in many medicines to cure indigestion?
□ A salt
□ An acid
□ A base
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8. What name is given to a reaction in which an acid and base react with each other?
□ Neutralisation
□ Combustion
□ Displacement
9. Which is a source of naturally occurring acids?
□ Lemon
□ Potato
□ Grass
10. What sort of chemical is found in many household cleaning products, like bleach and oven
cleaner?
□ Acid
□ Alkalis
□ Salts
11. What happens to litmus paper in acidic solutions?
□ Red litmus turns blue
□ Blue litmus turns red
□ Yellow litmus turns green
12. Universal indicator solution is usually green to begin with. What does this mean?
□ It is acidic
□ It is alkaline
□ It is neutral
13. A liquid has a pH of 8. What does this mean?
□ It is weakly acidic
□ It is weakly alkaline
□ It is neutral
14. A liquid has a pH of 1. What does this mean?
□ It must be sodium hydroxide solution
□ It is strongly acidic
□ It is weakly acidic
15. Which acid could be used to make ammonium nitrate (a type of fertiliser)?
□ Hydrochloric acid
□ Sulfuric acid
□ Nitric acid
16. Farmers use lime to neutralise their acidic soils. What sort of substance is lime?
□ A base
□ An acid
□ A sharp tasting drink
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17. Which salt is made when copper oxide and sulfuric acid react together?
□ Copper sulfate
□ Copper sulfuroxide
□ Copper sulfide
18. What products are formed when a metal oxide reacts with an acid?
□ A salt only
□ A salt and water
□ A salt, water and carbon dioxide
19. What products are formed when a metal carbonate reacts with an acid?
□ A salt only
□ A salt and water
□ A salt, water and carbon dioxide
20. What is the name of the salt made from nitric acid and potassium hydroxide?
□ Potassium nitride
□ Potassium nitrate
□ Potassium nitric
Quiz Score:
Science Department
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Physics – Forces – Key Points

Forces are pushes or pulls, measured in newtons (N) using a newtonmeter.

Forces exist when objects interact – this produces an interaction pair.

Forces can deform objects, change their speed or the direction of motion.

Contact forces occur when objects are touching.

Friction, air resistance and water resistance are contact forces.

Friction can be reduced by lubrication. Air resistance and water resistance can be reduced by
streamlining.

Non-contact forces occur when objects are not touching.

Gravitational, electrostatic and magnetic forces are non-contact forces.

Solid surfaces provide a support force when they are compressed.

Springs or ropes extend when you apply a force.

For some objects if you double the force the extension doubles. This is Hooke’s Law.

A field is a region where something feels a force, for example, a mass in a gravitational field.

Mass the amount of stuff an object is made of, measured in kilograms.

Weight is the force of the Earth on an object, measured in newtons. Weight (N) – mass (kg) x g
(N/kg).

When the forces acting on an object are equal in size and acting in opposite directions they are
balanced. The object is in equilibrium.

If the forces are not balanced the object will speed up, slow down or change direction.
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Physics – Forces – Quick Quiz
1. Which of these is the best way to measure a force?
□ Using a force meter
□ Using a ruler
□ Using a thermometer
2. Forces can be:
□ Pushes only
□ Pulls only
□ Pushes and pulls
3. What is the unit of force called?
□ The newton, n
□ The newton, N
□ The neutron, N
4. What can we say about the forces on an object that is not moving?
□ There must only be one force acting on it
□ The forces must be balanced
□ It must be very heavy
5. The arrows in this diagram represent the sizes of forces acting on a stationary tennis ball. What
will happen to the tennis ball?
□
□
□
It will stay still
It will start to move upwards
It will start to move downwards
6. What happens to the air resistance on a car as the car goes faster?
□ It decreases
□ It stays the same
□ It increases
7. Gravity is an example of what?
□ A contact force
□ An un-contact force
□ A non-contact force
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8. What store of energy does friction always produce?
□ Heat
□ Light
□ Gravitational potential
9. Why does an astronaut weigh less on the Moon than on the Earth?
□ The Moon has no atmosphere
□ The Moon has no gravity
□ The force of gravity is weaker on the surface of the Moon than on the surface of the Earth
10. What is the weight of a 20kg box on the Earth?
□ 2N
□ 20 N
□ 200 N
Quiz Score:
Science Department
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Physics – Space – Key Points











You can see satellites, the International Space Station, the Moon, comets, meteors, planets,
stars and galaxies in the night sky.
The distances to objects in the night sky can be measured in light-time (light-seconds, mightminutes, light-hours and light-years).
The natural objects that you see are made of mixtures of gas, dust, rock and ice.
The Universe consists of millions of galaxies, each galaxy contains billions of stars. Each star
may have planets, asteroids and comets in orbit around them. Each planet may have moons in
orbit around them.
There are four rocky inner planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars), an asteroid belt and four
outer planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune) made of gas.
Planets further from the Sun are colder. Venus is hotter than Mercury, even though it is
further from the Sun. this is because Mercury does not have an atmosphere to trap energy.
The Earth spins on its axis once a day. This is why we have day and night and why the Sun and
stars appear to move across the sky.
The Earth orbits the Sun in one year. The axis of the Earth is tilted and this explains the height
of the Sun at noon, day length, temperature and constellations that you see change during the
year.
You see phases of the Moon because the Moon is orbiting the Earth. Half of the Moon is
always lit by the Sun.
A solar eclipse happens when the Moon is between the Sun and Earth.
A lunar eclipse happens when the Earth is between the Sun and the Moon.
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Physics – Space – Quick Quiz
1. Which is the correct order, starting with the smallest and ending with the largest?
□ Planet - star - galaxy
□ Planet - galaxy - star
□ Star - planet - galaxy
2. Which is the third planet from the Sun?
□ Mars
□ Venus
□ Earth
3. Which force keeps the planets in orbit?
□ Friction
□ Gravity
□ Magnetic
4. The orbits of the planets are:
□ Perfect circles
□ Slightly squashed circles
□ Spheres
5. The further away from the Sun:
□ The faster the planet moves
□ The hotter the planet is
□ The longer the planet's orbit takes
6. Why is a day on Mars about 37 minutes longer than a day on Earth?
□ Martian watches don't keep very good time
□ Mars spins more slowly on its axis than Earth does
□ Mars spins faster on its axis than Earth does
7. In which direction does the Earth spin?
□ From west to east
□ From east to west
□ From north to south
8. Why do we have seasons on Earth?
□ The Earth is closer to the Sun in summer than it is in winter
□ The Sun is brighter in summer than it is in winter
□ The Earth's axis is tilted
Quiz Score:
Science Department
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