Español 1- Capítulo 1
¿Cómo somos?
Haga Ahora:
29 de agosto
1. Match the opposites:
o
o
o
o
o
Morena
Alto
Simpático
Bonito
Serio
o
o
o
o
o
Antipático
Cómico
Rubio
Feo
Bajo
2. Words that describe a boy usually end in the vowel ______
and the words that describe a girl usually end in _____.
3. Review vocabulary from last class.
(Hand Back Tests!)
Describe la foto
Describe la foto
Describe la foto
Describe la foto
Describe la foto
Sustantivos = Nouns
 Noun: person, place,
thing, idea
 En español, nouns
have gender
 Sustantivos masculinos
/ Sustantivos femeninos
8
Sustantivos masculinos:
• usually end in “- o”
• used with definite article “el” (“the”)
El chico
El bolígrafo
El cuaderno
Sustantivos femeninos:
• may end in “- a”, “- ción”,
“- sión”, “- dad”
• used with definite article “la” (“the”)
La chica
La acción
La televisión
La posibilidad
9
#1
Exceptions to the rule…:
The gender of some words must be learned because
they don’t follow the patterns for masculino or femenino:
Masculinos:
Femeninos:
El día
El mapa
El reloj
El lápiz
El pupitre
El sacapuntas
La tarde
La noche
La clase
La pared
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Summary
Definite Articles
Indefinite Articles
El
Los
Un
Unos
La
Las
Una
Unas
*** Did you notice where the singular and plural boxes are?
Definite and indefinite articles
The indefinite article (un, una) refers to a non-specific item.
Es un libro. It’s a book.
The definite article (el, la) refers to a specific item.
Es el libro.
It’s the book.
Definite and indefinite articles
The indefinite article (un, una) refers to a non-specific item.
Es una silla. It’s a chair.
The definite article (el, la) refers to a specific item.
Es la silla.
It’s the chair..
Definite and indefinite articles
Hay unos libros en la clase.
There are a few books in the
classroom.
Hay unas sillas
también.
There are some chairs,
too.
Definite and indefinite articles
Son los libros para la clase de
español.
They’re the books for the
Spanish class.
Son las sillas para los alumnos.
They’re the chairs for the
students.
Masculine:
a, an
un
unos some, a few
el
los
the
the
un libro = a book
unos libros = some
books
el libro = the book
los libros = the books
Feminine:
una a, an
unas some, a few
la
las
the
the
una silla = a chair
unas sillas = some
chairs
la silla = the chair
las sillas = the chairs
Summary
Definite Articles
Indefinite Articles
El
Los
Un
Unos
La
Las
Una
Unas
*** Did you notice where the singular and plural boxes are?
Completa with el, la, los, or las:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
1. ________ amigo
2. ________ muchacha
3. ________ escuela
4. ________ alumnos
5. ________ amigas
6. ________ muchachas
7. ________ cursos
8. ________ alumno
Completa with el, la, los, or las:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
1. el amigo
2. la muchacha
3. la escuela
4. los alumnos
5. las amigas
6. las muchachas
7. los cursos
8. el alumno
Completa with un, una, unos, unas:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
1. ________ amigo
2. ________ muchacha
3. ________ escuela
4. ________ alumnos
5. ________ amigas
6. ________ muchachas
7. ________ cursos
8. ________ alumno
Completa with un, una, unos, unas:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
1. un amigo
2. una muchacha
3. una escuela
4. unos alumnos
5. unas amigas
6. unas muchachas
7. unos cursos
8. un alumno
Un poco más…
• Articles and Nouns explanation
• Central America Rock
What is a pronoun?
• It’s a word used instead of a noun
Example: `He', `it', `who', and `anything' are
pronouns.
• When the pronoun is the subject (the person
doing the action) of the sentence, it is called a
Subject Pronoun.
Example: Bob is swimming. He is swimming.
What are the English
subject pronouns?
Singular
Plural
1st person
I
We
2nd person
You
You all
3rd person
He, She, It
They
English subject pronouns and
their Spanish equivalents
• Spanish subject pronouns are similar to English,
but there are some differences.
Singular
Plural
I = Yo
We = nosotros (m)
Nosotras (f)
2nd
person
You (familiar) = tú
You (plural, familiar) =
vosotros
vosotras
3rd
person
He = él
She = ella
You (formal) = Usted (Ud.)
They (m) = Ellos
They (f) = Ellas
You (plural) = Ustedes (Uds.)
1st
person
The first person singular
pronoun “YO”
• “Yo” means “I” and is
used in the same way as
in English.
o Yo soy americano.
o Yo soy estudiante.
• Note that it is not
capitalized unless it starts
a sentence:
o Mi amigo y yo…
Second person singular pronoun
Tú
Tú means you
(familiar/ informal)
Used when talking to
someone familiar
We’ll learn more about
this in a moment.
3rd person singular masculine
él
• Él = he
• It is used when talking ABOUT a boy/guy/man.
• used in the same way as its English counterpart:
o Jorge es mexicano. Él es de Guadalajara.
• DON’T forget the accent mark. If you do, you are
actually writing the Spanish word for “the”
o él = he
el = the
3rd person singular Feminine
Ella
• Ella = she
• It is used when talking ABOUT a girl/woman.
• used in the same way as its English
counterpart:
o Rosa es mexicana. Ella es de Acapulco.
• Please pronounce it correctly.
o It sounds like (eh-yah) not (el-lah)
o Remember ll= y sound.
formal you
Usted (Ud.)
Usted means you (formal)
Used when talking to someone you should respect.
Abbriviated --(Ud.)
Considered a 3rd person singular pronoun.
We’ll learn more about this pronoun in a moment.
The first person plural pronoun
“Nosotros / nosotras”
Use nosotros/ nosotras to talk
about a group of people that
includes you.
in English we have one word to talk
about “we,” but in Spanish, we
distinguish between “we”
masculine and feminine:
Juan: “Mi hermano y yo somos de
Argentina. Nosotros vivimos en Buenos
Aires.”
Juana: “Mi hermana y yo somos de Bolivia.
Nosotras vivimos en La Paz.”
use the masculine pronoun if it
refers to a mixed group:
Juan: “Mi hermano, mi novia, y yo somos
de Argentina. Nosotros vivimos en Buenos
Aires.”
Juana: “Mi hermana, mis padres, y yo
somos de Bolivia. Nosotros vivimos en La
Paz.
3rd person Plural masculine
Ellos
Ellos = They (masculine)
It is used when talking ABOUT
a group of boys/guys/men or
a mixed group.
used in the same way as its
English counterpart:
Jorge y Pepe son mexicanos. Ellos
son de Guadalajara.
Jorge y Ana son alumnos. Ellos son
amigos también.
Please pronounce it
correctly.
 It sounds like (eh-yohs) not (el-lohs)
 Remember ll= y sound.
3rd person plural Feminine
Ellas
• Ellas = They (feminine)
• It is used when talking ABOUT a group of only females.
• used in the same way as its English counterpart:
• Sofía y Ana son alumnas. Ellas son amigas también.
• Please pronounce it correctly.
o It sounds like (eh-yahs) not (el-lahs)
o Remember ll= y sound.
formal you Plural
Ustedes (Uds.)
• Abbriviated Capital “U”, lower case “d”, lower
case “s” period. (Uds.)
• Considered a 3rd person plural pronoun.
• We’ll learn more about this pronoun in a
moment.
YOU, You, and You
• In English, there is only one “YOU”. It is singular
and plural, masculine and feminine, formal
and informal
o Note: y’all or you all is not standard English, but we will use it to
help learn the Spanish forms of “you”.
• In Spanish there are 5 ways to express “you”
o
o
o
o
o
tú
usted (Ud.)
vosotros
vosotras
ustedes (Uds.)
Differences – YOU: Tú vs. Usted
Let’s look at the singular forms first. Each one
has a specific time when it used. If you use the
wrong one, it can be offensive to the person
with whom you are speaking.
Tú = you (informal/familiar)
Usted (Ud.) = you (formal)
Use “tú” when talking to people
with whom you are on a first
name basis.
friends
family
small children
people younger than you
pets
Use “Usted” when talking with people
to whom you should show respect.
People in authority
(police, teachers, bosses, etc.)
Strangers
Acquaintances
Adults
Differences – Y’all
• The plural you form “ustedes (Uds.)” Is used
differently in Spain and Latin America.
• In Spain, vosotros/as is used when talking to an
informal group. Uds. is used to address a
formal group.
• In Latin America, Uds. is generally used in both
formal and informal situations. (They don’t use
vosotros/as)
• Since we use Latin American Spanish in class,
we will only use Uds. to indicate all forms of
y’all.
Review
Yo = I
First person singular
Not capitalized unless the first
word of the sentence
Used to talk ABOUT yourself
Tú = You (singular, informal/familiar)
Second person Singular
Use it to talk TO a person that is a
friend or family member
Third person singular
Él = he
Don’t forget the accent
Use it to talk ABOUT a guy.
Ella = she
Use it to talk ABOUT a girl.
Watch the pronunciation.
Ud. = You (singular, formal)
Use it to talk TO a person that is due
respect.
Nosotros/as = we
First person plural
distinguish between “we” masculine
and feminine
Used to talk ABOUT yourself and
friends
Vosotros/as = You (singular, familiar)
Second person Plural
Use it to talk TO a group of friends or
family members.
Third person plural
Ellos = They (masculine)
It is used when talking ABOUT a group
of boys/guys/men or a mixed group.
Ellas = They (feminine)
It is used when talking ABOUT a group
of only females.
Uds. = You (plural)
Use it to talk TO a group of people
Subjects = Sujetos
I
We
Yo
Nosotros
You (informal)
You all (informal)
Tú
Vosotros
He
She
It
You (formal)
They
You all (formal)
Él
Ella
Usted
Ellos
Ellas
Ustedes
Homework: Tarea
• QUIZ NEXT CLASS!!
o Flashcards due! (first three sections of vocab)
o SPELLING!
o STUDY- vocab, subject pronouns chart, articles
• yo, tú, él, ella, nosotros, vosotros, ellos, ellas
• El, la, los, las----un, una, unos, unas
Differences – Y’all
• In Spanish there are three ways to say “all of you”
o Vosotros
o Vosotras
o Ustedes (Uds.)
• Vosotros/vosotras are the plural forms of tú.
Ustedes is the plural form of usted.
• Vosotros is used when talking to a familiar group of
males or a mixed group.
• Vosotras is the feminine form of vosotros and is
used when the entire group is female
• These two familiar forms are used primarily in Spain.
• We will not use vosotros/as in class, but you need
to be aware of it.