Rural Livelihoods Total period of
Improvement progress of the
Programme (RLIP) project
in Attapeu
PROGRAMME GOAL
The overall goal of the programme is
economic growth and the sustained
improvement of livelihoods among
the rural poor (including women and
other vulnerable groups)
PROGRAMME OBJECTIVES
• Communities manage their own development, including the
operation of social infrastructure in ways that reduce poverty, are
sustainable, participatory and gender sensitive.
• Communities use sustainable farming and natural resource
management systems and off-farm income generating activities to
meet their subsistence and income needs supported by rural
microfinance and other services.
• Communities have access to the local roads needed to carry out
their development.
• Decentralised and participatory rural development be managed,
cooperated and supported by the Government and other services
providers in ways that are sustainable, accountable, gender
sensitive and pro-poor.
PROGRAMME AREA
Attapeu Province
Phouvong district
Sanxai district
Saysettha district
PROGRAMME TARGET GROUP
• 6,550 poor and food insecure households living in the upland
and households recently moved from the remote uplands to
more accessible areas.
• Women and unemployed rural youth particularly targeted.
• 93 villages (merged into 76 and successively into 60 villages)
targeted in Attapeu.
PROGRAMME COMPONENTS
• Component 1: Social development
– Community development
– Health
– Education
– Drug detoxification and rehabilitation (Only Sayabouly)
• Component 2: Economic development and natural resource
management
– Agriculture
– Marketing, off-farm income generation, private sector and
SME
– Rural Microfinance
– Natural resource management
PROGRAMME COMPONENTS
• Component 3: Rural infrastructure
– Local roads
– Warehouse construction
• Component 4: Institutional development and capacitybuilding
– Strengthening of capacity for policy analysis
– Management and coordination of investment programme
IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS
• Decentralised programme implementation
– Villages responsible for implementation
– Districts for planning, budgeting and implementation
– Province for strategic guidance, coordination and
monitoring
• Creation of Provincial Programme Coordination Unit (PPCU),
located in Attapeu, and three District Programme
Coordination Units (DPCU)
• Technical assistance provided by GIZ from 2009 to 2011 for
the implementation of Comp. 1 and Comp 2. (excluding subcomp 2.1 Agric.)
COMPONENT 1: SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
• Objectives: communities manage their own
development, including the operation of social
infrastructure, in ways that reduce poverty, are
sustainable, participatory and gender sensitive.
• 4 Sub-components: Community Development –
Health – Education – Support to Lao Women’s
Union
Sub-component 1.1: Community Development
Main achievements
Outputs:
• 40 staff trainings on participatory approach organized (102%)
• 76 Village/Community plans formulated (100%)
• 76 programmes implemented (100%).
• 76 VACs trained in community management topics (100%)
• 68 community workers and volunteers trained (400%)
• 93 community groups formed/strengthened (76 VACs, 33 road
maintenance groups, 76 parent & teacher association, 121 water
user groups, village gender committee) (100%)
Sub-component 1.1: Community Development
Main achievements
Outcome, impact:
• 76 VACs overseeing development activities (100%).
• 45 community groups (VACs) with women in leadership position (48%)
• Full mechanisms for VAC are put in place covering mass organizations,
political organizations, organizations for the village development and
production groups. All are trained on their roles and responsibilities.
• Decentralization of responsibilities is fully implemented at village level.
• Majority of people in target villages are aware of Government policies
for poverty eradication and market oriented development.
Shortcomings
• Changes in programme implementation strategies for community
development after GIZ arrival (village development plans vs. cluster
plans, VCF vs. village volunteers, change of TA, etc..).
• Field coaching for strengthening VACs in village development planning,
implementation, monitoring and report writing was not pursued after
all VCFs were discontinued from RLIP.
• Village development plan was done once at the beginning of the
cooperation, no VDP has been checked and evaluated for its effective
rate of implementation at the end of the programme.
• Information display board provided only to some target villages (29), no
update of information has been done.
Lessons learned
• Strengthening of Village Administrative Committees in respect of
their development capabilities and abilities to engage in
participatory planning, implementation and monitoring of their
village development process shall be part of the village campaign
for the new FNML programme and should be done in close
cooperation with the provincial department of home affairs.
• VACs should also be strengthened in capacities/abilities to engage
with problems of land concession, migration and marketing of their
agriculture products.
Sub-component 1.2: Support to LWU
Main achievements
Outputs:
• 181 LWU Staff (district/province) trained (121%).
• 4 TOT training courses conducted (50%)
• 82 training courses on roles & responsibility of women in
socio-economic development organized (88%)
• 76 village gender committees formed and trained (100%)
• 76 village campaigns on gender mainstreaming organized
(100%)
• 50 women’s groups on 3 goodness policies formed and trained
(54%)
Sub-component 1.2: Support to LWU
Main achievements
Outcome, impact:
• 41 women members of VACs (ratio 1/5).
• 37 (60) VACs with women chiefs and deputies (62%)
• Majority of men and women are aware and take part on the
implementation of gender balance policies of the government, more
women are selected for the leading position in the board of VAC, village
organizations and farmer production groups.
• The workload of women is gradually reduced, more men are participating in
the household works. It is also observed that the programme intervention
in rural infrastructure, education and health also contributed to the positive
development of gender balance.
• More equal shares of decision-making and control of income between
husband and wife is reported.
• 29 villages & ? household declared as 3 goodness villages and households
Shortcomings
• The implementation of gender sanitization campaign at
village level has been limited through shortage of fund.
• Empowerment of women mainly focused on the
political/social issues. Economical empowerment is seldom
included in the programme (only one income generation
activity (weaving) was introduced to women).
• Low level of education of women is still an issue that
prevent them from getting certain functions (village chief,
head of production groups, scholarships, etc.)
Lessons learned
• Including the socio-economic empowerment, leadership of
women in the 3 goodness campaign of LWU - collaboration with
Gender Development Association.
• Addressing the issue of access to finance for IGAs and
strengthening their skills in profitable crop and livestock
production.
• Providing more fund to support women education.
• Gender campaign should be more balanced by
including/targeting also men
• Gender mainstreaming trainings at all level and in all sectors as a
crosscutting issue
Sub-component 1.3: Health
Main achievements
Outputs:
• 121 drinking water supply schemes established (115 hand pumps
(115%), 10 gravity-fed water supply schemes (100%).
• 2018 latrines installed (75%).
• 8 dispensaries established and 7 equipped (100%).
• 7 houses constructed for nurses (100%).
• 13 ethnic boys & girls trained (117%)
• 40 VHV selected and trained (43%)
• 107 VAC, VHW, LWU members trained on hygiene (115%)
• 76 sanitation campaigns organized (100%)
Sub-component 1.3: Health
Main achievements
Outcome, impact
Dispensary:
• 4,019 households with access to health services.
• Improved quality and quantity of health services offered in target
villages.
• 13 ethnic nurses trained and are operating in the dispensaries.
• Increased number of people changing habit regarding illness treatment
from traditional spiritual methods to treatment in dispensary/hospital
• Increased number of children vaccinated (2008: 12,056/ 2013:13,227)*
• Reduced cases of illness and mortality of people in target villages,
especially reduced cases of mother and child mortality.
Sub-component 1.3: Health
Dispensary:
Shortcomings
• No specific fund allocation from both programme and the
provincial health department for maintenance of the buildings.
• Maintenance and cleanliness not ensured properly
Lessons learned
• The PHD should allocate fund to support maintenance and drug
fund of the dispensaries
• Upgrading of the VHV to the level of treatment specialist
Sub-component 1.3: Health
Main achievements
Clean Water Supply Schemes: Outcome and impact
•
•
•
•
•
•
7,895 households with access to clean water in proximity.
Reduced workload of women;
Reduced time used for fetching water;
Increased hygiene and reduction of waterborne cases.
121 Water user committee formed and trained and still operating
Fees for O&M are collected regularly from household members of water
user groups for repair.
Sub-component 1.3: Health
Clean Water Supply Schemes:
Shortcomings
• Lack of maintenance caused a number of hand pumps unusable.
• No regular cleaning organized and no fencing
• Not enough water supply schemes provided to target villages caused
overuse of the schemes.
Lessons learned
• Construction with UN HABITAT of more performing water supply
schemes and sanitation, especially in village with severe shortage of
clean water.
• Training village water user groups or private individuals on maintenance
of the hand pumps.
• Regular monitoring of water quality
Sub-component 1.3: Health
Main achievements
Sanitation campaign & Construction of latrine:
• Increased access to adequate sanitation facilities (2,018 HH)
• Increased awareness about sanitation and hygiene after
sensitization campaign at HH and village levels.
• Reduced cases of disease (diarrhea, dysentery, cholera, etc.).
• Cleaner village environment.
• A number of villages declared as Sanitation model
Sub-component 1.3: Health
Sanitation campaign/latrine:
Shortcomings
• Because of lack of water, some latrine facilities are not in use
(25%).
Lessons learned and Feedback for next interventions
• Continue sanitation campaign, especially on advantage for the
use of latrine and prevention of water bone diseases
• Ensure permanent access to water
Sub-component 1.4: Education
Main achievements
Outputs:
 16 primary schools built and equipped. (9 complete primary schools
(75%), 7 incomplete primary schools (78%))
 27 primary schools rehabilitated (245%).
 1 dormitory constructed and equipped (25%).
 20 ethnic teachers received scholarship for training (100%).
 76 village committees for education development formed/trained (100%).
 205 village volunteers trained on conducting literacy courses (220%)
 76 literacy courses organized (100%)
 3042 people attending literacy classes (62% are women).
Sub-component 1.4: Education
Main achievements
Outcome, impact:
 Increased rate of students enrolment.(FY:05-06=67.2%/FY:12-13=95.4%)
 Better condition of learning for students
 Significant reduction of drop out rate (FY:05-06=16%/FY:12-13=11.1%)
 Ethnic teachers in their own villages
 New/updated teaching technologies have been applied through teacher upgrading
courses.
 Many village teachers promoted in their carrier and able to teach in higher grades.
 All primary schools constructed or rehabilitated and dormitory are still functioning.
Shortcomings
• Poor maintenance and cleanliness system of infrastructure and equipment.
• Limited number of latrines. No water supply system.
• Parents and Teachers association mobilized only occasionally.
• Duplication of schools financed by different donors in the same village/area causing
the abandon of the infrastructure.
• Upgrading courses for village teachers suspended due to lack of fund.
Sub-component 1.4: Education
Main achievements
Literacy courses
Outcome, impact
 All adults aged between 15-45 (1148 men,1894 women), especially women
(62.26%) strengthened their literacy skills, a number of target villages
declared as village with people completed compulsory primary education.
 Adult learners, especially women gained confidence and ability to
participate actively in decision-making.
 More adult learners continue using their ability to read and write for
upgrading their knowledge on agriculture and other livelihood activities.
Sub-component 1.4: Education
Literacy courses:
Shortcomings
• Difficulty in organizing literacy courses on the continuous basis due to
unregularly participation of some adult learners. In most cases, the course
could only take place in the night time and lasting longer than 3 years to
complete.
• Curricula not appropriate for functional literacy training.
• REFLECT methodology not tested
Lessons learned
• Functional literacy material/curricula should be developed in order to address
the main activities, concerns and needs of the population (agriculture,
livestock topics, book-keeping, writing a meeting report, family planning,
calculation of crop budget, or calculation of savings and credit repayment,
nutrition, hygiene, etc.)
COMPONENT 2: ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND
NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
• Objective: Communities use sustainable farming
and natural resource management systems and
off-farm income generating activities
• Four Sub-components: Agriculture; Marketing;
Rural Finance; and Natural Resources
Management
Sub-component 2.1 and 2.4: Agriculture and NRM
The Challenge of Context
•
•
•
•
•
•
Agrarian, swidden, paddy, lowland-upland
Poverty, malnutrition, ethnic groups
Low population density, poor return to labour
Rapid changes in lowlands
Commercial plantations, mining
Transition, state and private sector
Main Achievements
• Asset creation through expansion of paddy land (362 ha
Apr 32%; Apr target not met due to lack of funds from
WWF)
• Increased productivity from inputs to paddy lands
• Diverse and small irrigation schemes (342 ha Apr 171%)
• Establishment and management of homestead gardens
(49 nr Apr 98%)
• Expansion of area under coffee in uplands (860 ha Apr
5375%)
Main Achievements
• Distribution of targeted livestock and disease
management; fish ponds (487 nr Apr 487%) and
fish raising (690 hh Apr 690%)
• Introduction of improved inputs
• Attempts to improve extension
• Farmer and staff capacity building
Shortcomings
• Tenure security not provided to expanded paddy lands
• Inadequate focus on formation and strengthening of
water user groups
• Area under coffee based on seedling supply and an
overestimation; environmental considerations;
inadequate field monitoring and extension; productivity
variable; absence of processing and marketing support
• Quality of planting material
• Asparagus demonstration farm promising but farmer
sites indicate poor results and need to be reviewed
Shortcomings
• Land use planning not completed
• Pro poor intervention targets not met
• (Pig raising Apr 14%; Buffalo Apr 43%; Cattle Apr 71%;
Paddy field expansion Apr 32%)
• Inadequate focus on identifying and developing
• NTFPs with potential
• Community forestry plans not developed
• Assessment of quality, and effectiveness of capacity
building and training not undertaken
• Documentation of capacity building and training weak
Lessons learned
• Pursue and integrate land tenure
• Renewed focus on building farmer organizations, user
groups, and cooperatives
• Develop interlinked village-cluster plans that integrate
adjacent land, forest, and water resources
• Build capacity on conservation agriculture
• technologies in uplands
• Identify and develop NTFPs with potential
Lessons learned
• Develop management plans and community forestry
groups
• Undertake independent assessment/review to evolve
approach and strategy to strengthen
• Extension and outreach mechanisms
• Monitoring and Evaluation
• Capacity building and training
• Improve compliance with social, cultural, resettlement,
and environmental safeguards
Sub-component 1.2: Marketing, off-farm income,
private sector and SME development
Main achievements (1)
Outputs
Marketing: 3 marketing facilities established (15% appraisal) but no
processing facilities, 6 community market established (300%),
broadcasting of prices in markets, dialogue with private sector for PPP
Off-farm income generating activities:
• 36 activity groups created with 267 members (45% appraisal), 33%
with women in leadership position
• 267 people trained (weaving, dyeing, bamboo and rattan handicraft,
blacksmith) – Participation to trade fairs
Sub-component 1.2: Marketing, off-farm income,
private sector and SME development
Main achievements (2)
Outcomes
Marketing: 6 operational markets and 3 marketing facilities (40%
appraisal), development of businesses around the community
markets, PPP for asparagus production (SWIFT) and coffee (Kanchai)
Off-farm income generating activities: only 20 activity groups are still
operational
Impact
• Diversification of incomes with additional off-farm incomes during
dry season
• Potential market opportunities through PPP and contract farming
Shortcomings (1)
Limited effectiveness (appraisal, AWPB)
• Many disconnected activities and pilots with no overall market
assessment, no business plans
• Limited scope of IGAs.
• No concrete linkages with B.1 (marketing of agricultural
products and NTFP) and with B.3 (financing of IGA)
• Limited capacity building in entrepreneurship, negotiating
power.
Shortcomings (2)
• Improvement of farm gate prices through provision of better marketing
and price information to production groups formed
• Formation of product-focused marketing and processing groups for farm
and off-farm products
• Outreach, market potential of IGA prioritized
• Focus on DoIC capacity building
• Value-chain prioritized (market potential, risk exposure), performance so
far (production volumes)
Lessons learned
Design : ensuring quick start-up, realistic activities and relevant
implementation arrangements
 Clear timeframe for preparatory activities to avoid delays, specific
budget allocation, initial selection of subsectors, implementation
arrangements, clear operational linkages between subcomponent
Selection criteria: potential scope of impact and sustainability as drivers
Financing mechanisms: linkages with existing offer of financial services
 with VBs for small-scale IGAs, link with formal banking sector for SME
and PPP
Lessons learned
SME and private sector development: sound and realistic business plans as the
basis, tailored business development services
Promote the 3 training packages developed by ILO called “Generate Your
Business Idea” (GYBI), “Start Your Business” (SYB) and “Improve Your Business“
(IYB)
Marketing / PPP
 Finance and establish village and cluster level collection and payment
mechanism for coffee
 Volume and quality of coffee production should guide initial marketing
strategy and should take into account factors related to market price,
negotiating power of farmer’s, and storage among others
 Asparagus production on farmer fields needs to be reviewed, however there
is no marketing risk due to buy back arrangements with SWIFT at a fixed price
Sub-component 1.2: Rural microfinance
Outputs
• 29 village banks established, equipped and trained (31% appraisal)
• 2,308 members (50% appraisal / 24% of target population), 421 active borrowers
• Cumulative savings: 493 M KIP / outstanding loans: 476 M KIP
• On the job training of committee members by the Network Support Organization staff
(NSO)
Outcomes
• VBs still not fully operational > limited financial management capacities technical
backstopping still needed
• Network Support Organization operational but still supported by GIZ (no self-sufficiency)
 Quality of outputs and outcomes: high tolerance to delinquency, good repayment rates
reported by VB vs high default reported by previous supervision missions, consolidated
provincial PAR of 3%-12% (NSO), linkages with the formal sector (wholesale and retail
lending by the NSO)
 Relevance / subcomponent objective: start the support of sustainable savings and loan
systems (secure savings tool) + create potentially bankable clients
Sub-component 1.2: Rural microfinance
Impact
 Financial services provided in rural areas with low penetration of the formal
banking sector
 Establishment of a culture of savings
Shortcomings
 Structure of the portfolio: not answering agriculture and IGA financing needs
•
•
A reflection of the target groups liquidity problems rather than investment needs (emergency
loans, consumption loans)
A reflection of the lack of linkages with B1 and B2: few or no loans for agricultural and off-farm
IGA, high exposure to livestock sector
 Human resources: slow pace of capacity-building
•
•
•
High turn over of VB committees’ members > lengthens learning curve (new trainings required)
High tolerance of defaults and low financial discipline
Limited risk management capacities and high risk aversion towards innovative/new IGA
 Linkages between VB and NSO: a nascent and unbalanced relationship
•
Lack of understanding of the role and decisions of the NSO from the VB (provision for loan losses
leaving, etc.)
 Competition of commercial banks (Nayobai Bank with lower interest rate) and
confusion around parallel revolving funds for certain activities and target groups
Lessons learned
Complementarity of financing mechanisms according to the needs of/and
the target groups
 Short term liquidity constraints through informal mechanisms
 Investment needs in agriculture and for larger players (SME, private
companies) through formal banking system > need to strengthen linkages
with commercial banks (direct retail lending and wholesale lending to VB)
 Matching grants for the poorest
Adaptation to change in policy and regulation during implementation
 Dialogue with regulating bodies
 Mitigation measures
Component 3: Rural Infrastructure
• Objective: communities have access to
local roads needed to support their
development activities.
• 2 sub-components: 3.1 Roads and 3.2
Warehouses
Main Achievements (Output, Outcome,
Impact)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
106.23 km (104%) of roads well constructed/rehabilitated (18,5 km
Phouvong, 82,21 km Sanxai, 5,52 km Saysettha) and maintained by 33
road maintenance committees formed, trained and equipped (97%).
Including 59,26 km made with FFW (128%).
Synergy created with other donors to complete roads (e.g. ADB, KfW).
Opening up 70 villages, increased mobility of population using cars and
motorcycles.
Easier access to the socio-economic infrastructure and services
(district, health centres, schools, markets, etc.).
Opening up to market places, information, increased possibility of
trading outside the village.
Increased number of private investors coming to the villages to
promote new crop production and traders to collect products.
4 warehouses constructed (133%)
Shortcomings
•
•
•
•
Fast and heavy degradation due to: rainwater erosion,
heavy truck traffic, limited resources of
District/Provincial Public Works department.
Limited community capacity for maintenance, also due
to insufficient and unequal distribution of equipment
given to road maintenance groups.
No contribution of the main users (mining/agro-business
companies) to the road maintenance.
Warehouses not used for food for work purposes
Lessons learned
• Road construction is a tremendous mean to open the access to/from the
remote areas and develop them. However, this can have positive as negative
effect on population livelihood. Follow Lao PDR ECOP (Environmental Code of
Practice) for road construction, and obtain prior environmental clearance from
PONRE/DONRE especially in environmentally sensitive upland areas.
• FFW is a good way of supporting small feeder roads opening to increase village
access.
• Involve communities in high intensity works can increase ownership/
usefulness of the infrastructure and then ensure continued maintenance.
• Provide adequate equipment (shovels, spades, barrows, etc.) and define a
mechanism to replace it when needed.
• Sensitize and negotiate with private companies/partners their financial
contribution - a cost-sharing system - to ensure main access roads
maintenance.
Food for Work
Main Achievements
• 4 training organized (50%)
• Provision of tools and equipment for 48 villages (52%)
• Expansion of paddy land: 362 ha (32%)
• Construction of fish pond: 487 (487%)
• Bush clearance and land development for cash crop garden:
846,5 ha (169%)
• Construction of micro-irrigation canal: 0,98ha (10%)
• Construction of stone busket/earth weir: 1 (100%)
• Construction of access road: 59,26 km (128%)
• Construction of suspension bridge: 5 (100%)
• 2 429,31 tons of food received
Food for Work
Outcome:
Access to food during the hungry season (2429 T) and promotion of food and
nutrition security through fish ponds mainly.
Shortcomings:
• WFP financing constraints in 2011 and 2012.
• Big demand for paddy land extension not met.
• Insufficient equipment given.
Lessons learned:
• Very fruitful partnership to be enhanced with capacity building in nutrition
(Feeding for future approach).
• For FNML, increase synergy of action among PPCU, UXO and WFP for
better planning and through regular meetings, invitation to participate to
supervision mission/wrap-up.
Component 4: Institutional Strengthening and
Capacity building
• Objective: Decentralized and participatory rural
development is managed, coordinated and supported
by the Borrower’s government and other service
providers in ways that are sustainable, accountable,
gender sensitive and pro-poor.
• 6 main topics: Policy Analysis & Capacity building,
Programme Management & Coordination, Institutional
Cooperation/Support IFAD/GIZ/UNOPS, Monitoring &
Evaluation, Targeting and Methodologies
53
Policy Analysis & Capacity building
Main achievements (outcome and impact):
• Increased capacity building of PPCU/ DPCU, line
agencies staff, CD workers, VAC, through:
–
–
–
–
on-the-job training,
experience exchange workshops,
ToT trainings,
study tours, etc.
54
Programme Management & Coordination
Main achievements:
• PPCU and DPCU put in place, trained and operational.
Monthly meetings.
• AWPB and Progress reports produced annually.
• Line agencies staff trained and operational.
• Big investment put into Government staff capacity building.
Many staff have received promotions.
• Higher quality of the work performed.
• Management very engaged in attracting private sectors
investors (e. g. SWIFT for asparagus, Kanchai for coffee, etc.).
55
Institutional Cooperation/Support of UNOPS, IFAD,
GIZ
Main achievements and activities:
• Programme directly supervised by IFAD since 2008
(UNOPS for 2006-07) for higher ownership and reactivity.
• 2008 Mid-Term Review Mission.
• GIZ providing TA from 2009 to 2011.
• Collaboration with UN-HABITAT, CIAT, LEAP, PROCASUR,
ODOP
• Several short-term technical support provided by IFAD or
mobilized by the PPCU.
• 2014 Programme Completion Review Mission.
56
Shortcomings
• GIZ collaboration as TA provider and implementing agency
has aimed to substantial changes in programme strategy
(CD, microfinance, LUP/LA, etc.), methodology and human
resources. Which aimed to an initial slowdown of project
implementing rhythm/performance.
• Limited capacity transfer from the GIZ-TA; no real handover before phasing out.
• Limited added value of technical advisors.
• Limited coordination and integrated work between the
sectors.
• Limited presence of technicians at field level.
57
Lessons learned
• Joint visits and work plan of the different line agencies should
continue in order to enhance, always more, the complementarity
of their actions.
• Provincial meetings gathering decentralized line agencies, private
investors and farmers representatives, should be organized to
share respective agenda, taking into account farmers’ priorities,
interests and needs.
• A comprehensive overall and consistent strategy should be
followed by all co-financer to ensure impact.
• International TA and national implementing agencies must work
together (one strengthening the other) and team meetings must
be organised regularly.
• A comprehensive technical needs assessment should be done, at
all level, on a regular basis.
58
Monitoring & Evaluation
Main achievements:
• RIMS training in 2006 and 2011.
• RIMS Impact survey undertaken in 2006, 2010
and 2014.
• M&E officer at District and Provincial level.
• 93 PRAs and village profiles made.
59
Shortcomings
• Conception of a multitude of forms, tools, surveys for data
collection, but not all/always used. Multitude of data
scattered and not always consistent.
• M&E system at district level only used to report on the
implementation status of activities.
• Data from the Provincial M&E system treated only on
specific request. No regular critical analysis for managing,
decision making, and learning purpose.
• Limited use of the logframe as a dynamic management
and planning tool.
• Limited number of thematic studies done (only 3 for the
PCR) and 4 done by PROCASUR.
60
Lessons learned
• Despite several trainings provided, there is still a need to
reinforce M&E capacity in logframe, M&E concepts, RIMS,
critical data analysis and learning process.
• Keep simple the M&E system, number of indicators, to be able
to measure them on a regular and reliable basis.
• Consider logframe as the key element of programme
implementation. Organize a stakeholders’ workshop to
review/valid the logframe, its indicators and targets; and thus
project strategy.
• Ensure a common understanding and ownership of project
result indicators to ease data collection and analysis.
61
Targeting
Main achievements:
• All 93 (60) poor villages targeted have benefited from
programme activities (100%).
• Women have benefitted mainly from direct targeting (LWU
activities, handicraft) and Health, FFW, water supply.
• Overall improvements in livelihood and poverty reduction at
village level but may not be entirely attributed to the
programme activities.
• Improvements in social infrastructure can be directly attributed
to the programme but increases in agricultural productive
income are mainly due to external market forces.
62
Shortcomings
• No specific strategy to address the poor HHs priority needs,
mainly in upland areas.
• Limited specific activities to strengthen the most vulnerable
groups (women, young people, ethnic groups).
• There was a one-size fits all approach to implementation
which did not suit the different social agro-ecological
specificities.
• Villagers noted a certain empowerment but still rely on
District support for major maintenance works and additional
investments.
63
Lessons learned
• Design a detailed targeting and gender strategy
(leadership, economic empowerment).
• Work on a smaller number of villages at a time, on
demo plots, consolidate progress and lessons learnt
before expanding progressively within the target
area.
• Closer follow-up and animation work with villagers,
strengthening endogenous capacity, to build up a real
faithful and long-term relationship.
64
Financial management
Lessons learned
• Need for accounting software for double entry accounting system
• Need to improve Quality of record keeping and financial statements – to
match expenditure by components with expenditure by categories with
the withdrawal applications and the audited accounts
• Supporting documents for activities to be maintained – for capacity
building – the subject covered, the training material provided, the
resource person, number of participants and the feedback of the
participants to be documented
• Procurement processes and documentation to be improved
65
Programme disbursements
Component
Total amount
disbursed
Appraisal
Estimates
including all
grants
% achieved
Social
Development
Economic
Development &
Natural Resource
Management
Rural
Infrastructure
Institution
Building and Total Expenditure
Capacity Building
2 634 284,82
4 812 648,48
3 244 241,90
4 206 989,46
14 898 164,65
2 764 518
6 122 212
3 064 249
3 562 361
15 513 340
95%
79%
106%
118%
96%
THANK YOU
VERY MUCH FOR
YOUR ATTENTION.
67