The Current State of R-22 and
the Future with New Generation Refrigerants
Freon®
The DuPont™ Invented, Workhorse Refrigerant of the last 50 years.
Refrigerant Management Plan
Retrofit
System 1
MO99™
Reclaim
System 1
R-22
Replace
Return to Wholesaler
refrigerant reclaim center to
get value ($) for R-22
New
System
R-410A
System 2
System 3
System 4
R-22
R-22
R-22
Use recovered R-22 to service other equipment
Recovered
R-22
Recycle
A Low Cost
Supply of R-22
System 5
System 6
System 7
R-22
R-22
R-22
R-22 Replacement Refrigerants
Mineral Oil
Compatible
Full change to POE
lubricant required
R-438A
R-407C
Air Conditioning
Refrigeration
R-438A
R-422D
R-407A
Comparing R-22 “No Oil Change” Products for
Air Conditioning Applications
ISCEON® MO99™
(R-438A)
R-422D
R-422B
R-421A1
Capacity (%)
-7
-8
-12
-12
COP (%)
-2
-4
-3
-5
Components
R-32/125/134a/600/601a
8.5/45/44.2/1.7/0.6
R-125/134a/600a
65.1/31.5/3.4
R-125/134a/600a
55/42/3
Disch P (psi)
+5
+12
-5
-7
Disch T (F)
-30
-39
-37
-36
Temp Glide (F)
+7
+5
+6
+6
Mass Flow (%)
+12
+32
+20
+21
Performance relative to R-22; (+) is increase, (-) is decrease
Calorimeter Data at AHRI Standard 540 Air Conditioning Conditions; Performance relative to R-22
45 F Avg Evap Temp / 115 F Avg Cond Temp / 65 F Return Gas Temp / 15 F Subcool from Avg Cond Temp
1POE Oil Change typically recommended for ‘HFC Only’ Blends
R-125/134a
58/42
R-22 to ISCEON® MO99™ (R-438A) Retrofit Procedure*
1. Review retrofit guidelines
2. Obtain Baseline Data on R-22
3. Recover R-22
4. Change filter driers
5. Change critical elastomeric seals
6. Evacuate system & leak check
7. Charge with MO99™ ; Start-up and monitor
8. Leak Check, Label system, and optimize set-points if needed
*ISCEON®
MO99™ Retrofit Guidelines and
9.
ISCEON® MO99™ Retrofit Video – www.isceon.com
Summary of Oil Management Considerations
MO99™ excels in most Residential A/C, Commercial A/C, and Refrigeration
These considerations are true for ANY “No Oil Change” product
System
Guidance
More complex systems with potential for
challenging oil return
~20% POE addition
• Long pipe runs and/or poor line velocity design
• Liquid receivers but no oil separator present
Trane™ 3-D™ Scroll / Danfoss Scroll
Replace Oil in Compressor
Sump with POE
Screw compressors
Detailed system evaluation
recommended
Use of any 400-series retrofit blend is not recommended
in systems with flooded evaporators
OPTEON®
A new generation of low-GWP refrigerants.
Why Do We Need New Refrigerants?
Worldwide focus on Global Warming (Climate Change)
Summary of EPA Proposed Changes to SNAP
http://www.epa.gov/ozone/snap/regulations.html
Effective
Date
Refrigerant
Proposed Unacceptable for:
2021
Model
Year
R134a
Mobile AC
1/1/16
R404A/R507A
Supermarket (Direct/Indirect)
Condensing Units
Stand Alone Systems
Vending Machines
New and
Retrofit
1/1/16
HFC-227ea,
R407B, R421B,
R422A, R422C,
R422D, R428A,
R434A
Supermarket (Direct/Indirect)
New and
Retrofit
1/1/16
R134a and
others*
Stand Alone Systems
Vending Machines
New
Systems
No proposed limitations on service of existing HFC systems
Applications
*R407A, R407C, R407F etc.
Creating the Future of Refrigerants
HFOs provide a safe, sustainable, cost effective transition
 Zero ODP
 Low GWP
 No or low
flammability
Efficiency +
Capacity
_____________
Performance
√
Capital Costs +
Operation Costs
______________
Total Cost of
Ownership
HFO-1234yf (CF3CF=CH2) Very Similar to HFC-134a but with very low GWP
3.5
Pressure, MPa
 Same operating conditions as 134a
(similar P/T curve)
 Thermally stable under extreme
use conditions
3
2.5
2
Vapor Pressure
1.5
134a
1
1234yf
0.5
 Capacity and efficiency similar to
R-134a
0
-40
0
20
40
60
80
100
Temperature, oC
 Mildly flammability (A2L)
R-134a
HFO-1234yf
CH2FCF3
CF3CF=CH2
102
114
0
0
1300
1
T Critical Point
102 ºC
95ºC
Boiling Point
-26ºC
-29ºC
Formula
Molecular Weight
ODP
GWP100 (AR5)
DuPont Confidential
-20
How HFOs Work
HFC
Hydro fluorocarbon
HFO
Hydro fluoro olefin
Weaker double bond in HFOs allows for
quicker breakdown in the atmosphere,
yet stable in systems
Mobile Air Conditioning
Commercialized in 2011
 New Car Models
 Market Drivers
 GWP Regulation in EU, US and Japan
 Performance Benefits
 Direct 134a replacement
 Lower cost per vehicle vs. not-in-kind solutions
DuPont Opteon® Refrigerants
HFO based candidates
Current
HFC-134a
GWP
1430
HFC-404A
3902
Nonflammable
Name
GWP
XP10
DR-14
XP40
631
389
1397
XP44
2140
HFC-410A
HCFC-22
2088
1810
DR-91
988
HCFC-123
77
DR-2
9
Mildly Flammable
Name
GWP
YF
4
DR-7
246
DR-5A
DR-3
460
148
AR4 GWP Values
Opteon® XP10
R-513A
Replacement for 134a
 Azeotropic refrigerant
 Excellent capacity and efficiency match for 134a
 Compatible with existing equipment design/lubricants
 Reduction in GWP of 56%
 GWP of 631 falls well below EU 1500/1000 lines
XP10 Properties
R-134a
XP10
Chemical Formula
CF3CH2F
Azeotrope
100 yr GWP (AR4)
1430
631
Toxicity/Flammability
A1
A1
Boiling Point °C (°F)
-26 (-15)
-29 (-20)
Critical Point °C (°F)
101 (214)
98 (208)
Temperature Glide °C (F)
0
Negligible
(Azeotrope)
DuPont Confidential
XP10 Calorimeter Testing -- Recip Compressor
2% better energy efficiency
5% higher capacity


XP 10 Versus R-134a Calorimeter Test
65F Return Gas Temperature
112%
110%
106%
104%
Rel EER
Rel Cap
102%
100%
98%
96%
94%
Evaporator/Condenser Condition
0F
F/
12
0F
30
F/
12
20
F/
12
0F
0F
14
/1
2
0F
5F
F/
10
5F
30
F/
10
20
F/
10
5F
5F
14
/1
0
F
0F
F/
80
F
30
F/
80
F
20
F/
80
14
/8
0
F
92%
0F
XP10 Rel to R-134a
108%
XP10 Evaluation in Supermarket - Hybrid System
- Retrofitted from R-134a Medium Temp; CO2 in Low Temp
- Running for four years
DuPont Confidential
Annual Energy Use and TEWI Comparison
TEWI reduced by 48% vs R-404A system
DuPont Confidential
Opteon® XP44
R-452A
Replacement for 404A/507
 Matches discharge temperature of 404A/507
 Critical for transport applications
 Matches mass flow rate of 404A/507
 No TXV adjustments necessary
 Compatible with existing equipment design/lubricants
 A1 non-flammable
 Reduction in GWP of 44%
 GWP of 2140
Opteon® XP40
R-449A
Replacement for 404A/507
 8-12% more energy efficient than 404A/507
 Superior efficiency to CO2
 Capacity equivalent to 404A/507
 Compatible with existing equipment design/lubricants
 A1 non-flammable
 TXV adjustment needed similar to 407 series retrofit
 Reduction in GWP of 67%
 GWP of 1397 falls below EU 1500 line
XP40 Properties
R-404A
XP40
100 yr GWP
3922
1397
Flammability
None
None
Boiling Point °C (ºF)
-47 (-53)
-46 (-51)
Critical Point °C (ºF)
72 (162)
82 (180)
Vapor Pressure at 25°C in kPa
(Psia)
1254 (182)
1274 (185)
Liquid Density at 25°C in kg/m3
(lb/ft3)
1044 (65.2)
1096 (68.4)
Vapor Density at 25°C in kg/m3
(lb/ft3)
65.3 (4.08)
49.2 (3.07)
DuPont Confidential
System Testing – Display Case with External Condensing Unit


2.5 m (8.0 ft) open food display case designed
for R-404A, fully loaded with food simulator
Reciprocating compressor with POE 32 oil

Refrigerant charge size ~3.8 kg (8.4 lb), adjusted
based on liquid density

Tested per ASHRAE Standard 72-2005

Tested at two ambient temps: 28ºC (82ºF) and
35ºC (95ºF) in outdoor room, 24ºC (75ºF) in
indoor room

Only minor TXV adjustment made (1.6 turns
closed)

Tested at low and medium temp conditions
Open Display Case in Indoor Room
Condensing Unit in Outdoor Room
DuPont Confidential
Condensing Unit/Display Case Low Temp Results
Energy
Cons Rel
to
R404A
Mass
Flow
Rate
kg/hr
(lb/hr)
Suct Press
kPa (Psia)
Disch Press
kPa (Psia)
Comp
Ratio
Avg Food
Temp ºC
(ºF)
Comp
Disch
Temp ºC
(ºF)
R-404A
100%
32 (71)
112 (16)
1438 (209)
13
-17 (1.4)
78 (172)
XP40
97%
26 (57)
104 (15)
1407 (204)
14
-17 (1.4)
83 (181)
R-404A
100%
33 (73)
127 (18)
1722 (250)
14
-16 (3.2)
87 (189)
XP40
96%
26 (57)
115 (17)
1685 (244)
15
-15 (5.0)
92 (198)
Ambient
T = 28ºC (82ºF)
Ambient T =
35ºC (95ºF)



~3% lower energy consumption
Similar pressures and compression ratio
Modest increase in discharge T and slightly lower mass flow rate
DuPont Confidential
Condensing Unit/Display Case Med Temp Results
Energy
Cons Rel
to
R404A
Mass
Flow
Rate
kg/hr
(lb/hr)
Suct Press
kPa (Psia)
Disch Press
kPa (Psia)
Comp
Ratio
Avg Food
Temp ºC
(ºF)
Comp
Disch
Temp ºC
(ºF)
R-404A
100%
38 (83)
262 (38)
1544 (224)
5.9
2.2 (36)
72 (161)
XP40
92%
32 (71)
262 (38)
1496 (217)
5.7
2.2 (36)
75 (167)
R-404A
100%
41 (91)
248 (36)
1827 (265)
7.4
2.2 (36)
82 (180)
XP40
88%
34 (74)
283 (41)
1792 (260)
6.3
2.8 (37)
84 (183)
Ambient
T = 28ºC (82ºF)
Ambient T =
35ºC (95ºF)



8-12% lower energy consumption
Similar pressures and compression ratio
Less increase in discharge T and slightly lower mass flow rate
DuPont Confidential
California Supermarket
Conversion from 404A to Opteon® XP40
October 2014
DuPont Confidential
Operational Data
DuPont Confidential
Energy Data
Daily Energy Usage and Average Temperature
DuPont Confidential
Comparison Energy Data
DuPont Confidential
California Retrofit Summary
 Energy benefit of 9% from mid-Oct to year end
 Potential for further benefit at higher ambient temps
 No changes to equipment, piping, lubricant or seals/gaskets
 Adjust TXVs for optimized performance
 Meets cooling demand
 Stable operation
DuPont Confidential
404A/507 Replacement Options Summary
GWP < 1500
Energy Efficiency
Capacity
TXV Adjustment
Oil
404A/507
XP40
407A
407F
CO2
3902
Base
Base
Base
POE
1397
+8-12%
=
Yes
POE
2107
=
=
Yes
POE
1825
=
=
Yes
POE
1
=/-*
NEW EQ
NEW EQ
NEW EQ
* Poor at higher ambient conditions
DuPont Confidential
Opteon® XP40
R-449A
Replacement for R-22
 Eliminates a retrofit to 407 series refrigerants
 Capacity equivalent to 404A/507
 Minimal TXV adjustment
 Reduction in GWP of 22%
 GWP of 1397 falls below EU 1500 line
R-22 Replacement Options Summary
GWP < 1500
Eliminates a retrofit ($)?
Energy Efficiency
Capacity
TXV Adjustment
Oil
R-22
1810
Base
Base
Base
Base
MO
XP40
1397
Yes
=
=
No
POE
407A
2107
No
=
=
No
POE
407F
1825
No
=
=
No
POE
DuPont Confidential
Projected Timeline
Emerson approval of
XP10 and XP40
US Commercialization of
XP10, XP44 and XP40
Jul/Aug
Mar/Apr
2015