Infrastructure and
components
Cable
• The cable and components used in structured
cabling systems is defined in the standards
– EIA/TIA 568 x
• There are a number of different levels of cables and components known
as Catagories
– ISO 11801
• There are a number of different levels of cables and components known
as Classes
Categories
Specified in TIA/EIA 568 X (i.e. In various 568 standards)
Cat 1: Previously used for POTS telephone communications, ISDN and doorbell
wiring.
Cat 2: Previously was frequently used on 4 Mbit/s token ring networks.
Cat 3: used for data networks using frequencies up to 16 MHz. Historically popular
for 10 Mbit/s Ethernet networks.
Cat 4: Provided performance of up to 20 MHz, and was frequently used on 16
Mbit/s token ring networks.
Cat 5: Provided performance of up to 100 MHz, and was frequently used on 100
Mbit/s Ethernet networks. May be unsuitable for 1000BASE-T gigabit
ethernet.
Cat 5e: Provides performance of up to 100 MHz, and is frequently used for both 100
Mbit/s and Gigabit Ethernet networks.
Cat 6: Provides performance of up to 250 MHz, more than double category 5 and
5e.
Cat 6a: Provides performance of up to 500 MHz, double that of category 6. Suitable
for 10GBase-T.
Categories
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Cat 1: Currently unrecognized by TIA/EIA.
Cat 2: Currently unrecognized by TIA/EIA.
Cat 3: Currently defined in TIA/EIA-568-B.
Cat 4: Currently unrecognized by TIA/EIA.
Cat 5: Currently unrecognized by TIA/EIA.
Cat 5e: Currently defined in TIA/EIA-568-B.
Cat 6: Currently defined in TIA/EIA-568-B.
Cat 6a: Currently defined in ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.2-10.
Category & data networks history
• CAT3
– 10Mbit/s networks
• CAT4
– Developed for increased bit rates but was superseded by CAT5
• CAT5
– 100MHz bandwidth easily carried 100Mbits/s
• CAT5e
– Was developed because a badly installed CAT5 system could not
carry Gigabit Ethernet
• CAT6
– Easily carries Gigabit ethernet, future proofs network
• CAT6a
– Designed to carry 10 Gigabit Ethernet
Classes
• Specified in ISO 11801
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–
–
–
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–
Class A: up to 100 kHz (category 1)
Class B: up to 1 MHz (category 2)
Class C: up to 16 MHz (category 3)
Class D: up to 100 MHz (category 5e)
Class E: up to 250 MHz (category 6)
Class F: up to 600 MHz (category 7)
Twisted pair
• Two conductors are wound together to cancel out EMI
– From external sources (entering cable)
– From crosstalk (leaving cable)
• The two wires typically carry equal and opposite signals
•
(differential mode)
Noise on the pairs is mostly cancelled out
– Each wire have similar amounts of EMI
– EMI is 180 degrees out of phase with each other
• Usually each pair has a different twist ratio
• Primary Colours
–
–
–
–
–
White
Red
Black
Yellow
Violet
–
–
–
–
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Blue
Orange
Green
Brown
Slate (grey)
• Secondary Colours
25 pair cable
Telecommunications outlet
• Also known as a
TO
• Standard
specifies RJ45
connector
• Must be wired
T568A or T568B
IDC
• Insulation displacement connector
• Connector that pierces the
•
•
•
insulation on a wire to make the
connection
Removes the need to strip the wire
before connecting
Must be wired T568A or T568B
Cold Welds materials together ????
Comparing an IDC
connection (LH)
with a crimped
connection (RH)
www.ami.ac.uk
Telecommunications outlet 2
• At least one should be
– 4 Pair 100 OHM UTP
• The other can be:
– 4 Pair 100 OHM UTP
OR
– 2 Pair 150 OHM STP
OR
– 2 Strand, 62.5/125
multimode optical fibre
T568A and T568B pinouts
12345678
12345678
T568A
T568B
12345678
12345678
V
3
V
1
V
2
V
4
V
2
V
1
V
3
V
4
To clear any confusion
• TIA-568-A and TIA-568-B are referring to the
ANSI/EIA/TIA-568-A and ANSI/EIA/TIA-568-B
wiring standards
• T568A is a jack wiring pattern, one of the two in
the standards; the other is T568B
• T568A
– Used in America
• T568B
– Used in Europe
Cable types
• The standard recognises the following cable types
– 4-pair 100 Ω unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) or screened
twisted-pair (F/UTP)
– 4-pair 100 Ω fully shielded twisted-pair (S/FTP) (ISO/IEC
11801:2002 only)
– 2-fiber (duplex) 62.5/125µm or 50/125µm
• 62.5/125µm USA standards
• 50/125µm & 62.5/125µm European standards
• Duplex SC connectors
– Multi-unit cables are allowed,
• Must satisfy the hybrid/bundled cable requirements of TIA/EIA-568-B.2,
ISO/IEC 11801:2002
• Under carpet cabling is no longer recognized by that standard ISO/IEC
11801:2002
Work area
• Work area equipment and
•
•
•
•
cables covered by 568-B.1
and 11801:2002
Work area cables to be a
maximum of 3m
Exception to the 3m length
discussed later
2 telecommunications
outlets per work area
minimum
Patch leads are the same
Category as the cabling
Work area II
• 1st outlet
– Must be a 4 pair twisted
pair cable
• Shielded
• Unshielded
– Category 6 is
recommended
• 2nd outlet can be either
– A 4 pair twisted pair
cable
• Shielded
• Unshielded
– A pair of multimode
optical fibres
A. Customer Premises Equipment
B. Equipment Cord
C. Patchcords/cross-connect jumpers, including equipment cables/cords, should
not exceed 5m (16 ft.).
Note: ISO/IEC 11801:2002 specifies a max. patchcord/ cross-connect length of
5m (16.4 ft.), which does not include equipment cables/cords.
D. Horizontal cable 90m (295 ft.) max. total
E. Transition point of consolidation point(optional)
F. Telecommunications outlet/connector (TO)
G. Work Area (WA) Equipment cord
Other Rules
• Bridged taps and splices are not allowed
– Fiber splices are allowed for fiber optic cables
• Application specific components shall not be
installed as part of the horizontal cabling
– eg. splitters, baluns
• Cabling shall be configured in a star topology
Patch leads and equipment cords
• Maximum combined length of 10m
– Parts b,c & g
• Maximum copper link length 100m
– 90m + cords (10m)