Ethnicity and Race
Part 2
Learning Objectives for Ethnicity
and Race Unit
 1. Distinguish between race and ethnicity and the concept of what is
means to be a member of an ethnic group.
 2. Analyze historical and contemporary attempts to classify humans into
distinct ‘racial’ categories
 3. Assess the importance of geography in examining & explaining
patterns of human biological variation
 4. Differentiate between prejudice and discrimination.
 5. Differentiate between ethnocentrism and bias.
 6. Identify how race is socially constructed by different cultures.
 7. Apply types of ethnic interactions to classify past and contemporary
events.
Ethnicity and Race, Part 2
Outline of Lecture
Cross-Country View of Race
US, Japan & Brazil
Fish’s article on Brazil
Journal Entry Assignment, Part 3
Terms associated with Ethnicity
Ethnic Tolerance & Conflict
Social Construction of Race:
United States
Descent: _____________________________
Can an individual’s social identity be diverse?
What is ancestry?
Does an individual define their descent, or is
social identity assigned socially?
Social Construction of Race:
United States
 Hypodescent:
 What does this mean?
When do you think this categorized of people
started?
What social implications does this concept have?
Social Construction of Race:
United States
 Hypodescent
Social Construction of Race:
United States
 Hypodescent
In the US, socially
constructed race is fixed
at birth
Michelle Obama
Dolphus T. Shields, Son of a
slave: M. Obama’s
great-great grandfather
Social Construction of Race:
United States
 US Census  Started gathering demographic
data in 1790
Social Construction of Race:
Japan
 Initial thoughts on Japan with respect to (social)
race? Diverse, uniform?
 Majority group – __________________
1.
2.
3.
Social Construction of Race:
Japan
 Minority
groups
have a
________
 Examle:
_________
________
Social Construction of Race:
Japan
 __________
Social Construction of Race:
Brazil
Which country colonized Brazil?
Did Brazil have slavery? Yes, African slaves.
Social Construction of Race:
Brazil
‘Race’ is _____________
Over __________________
Based on:
1.
2.
3.
Journal Entry Assignment
Part 3: Response blog to Fish’s ‘Mixed Blood’
article
Article available on course website
Terms Associated with Ethnicity
 Nation:
 Previously synonymous ___________________________
 State:
 Nation and state are ________________
Terms Associated with
Ethnicity
 Nation-State:
 Multi-ethnic communities:
 Decreasing ____________________________
Differences across the globe
Terms Associated with
Ethnicity Bushman of Botswana
Terms Associated with
Ethnicity
Nationality:
Terms Associated with Ethnicity
Kurdistan
Terms Associated with Ethnicity
Impact of Colonialism
_________________________________
 Berlin Conference (1884-1885)
Occurred during the New Imperialism period
Also called the _______________________
Results
Results &
Consequences
Ethnic Conflict & Tolerance
 Assimilation: ___________________
Forced Assimilation
Example:
Passive Assimilation
______________________
Ethnic Conflict & Tolerance
Assimilation may not occur – what
happens then?
Plural societies
Interdependent economical niches
Ethnic Conflict & Tolerance
Multiculturalism
Opposite of _____________________
Cultural diversity is ____________________
___________________ traditions
Dominant (national) culture & __________
Important
Terms
1.
2.
3.
Ethnic Conflicts
 Described as __________________________
 Tangled web – interconnected and multidimensional
 _______________________
 __________________________
 ____________________________
Political, socio-cultural,
military, religious, legal,
ecological, and other
factors
 Manifestations can include violence, war, and ‘ethnic
cleansing’
Ethnic Conflict
Example: ________________________
 1)
 2)
 3)
 4)
 Note: Terrorist groups are generally separate from the actual conflict.
They may contribute to the conflict BUT in many instances the conflict
was present prior to these groups developing in, or entering, the region.
Ethnic Conflict & Colonial Legacy
Cultural Colonialism
___________________
____________________
__________________
Altered _____________
________________
Genocide
Crime of Genocide was outlined in the International
Law in the Convention on the Prevention and
Punishment of Genocide (1948):
“Genocide is a crime of intentional destruction of a
national, ethnic, racial and religious group, in whole or in
part.”
Other acts associated with genocide are punishable
including incitement of genocide and complicity in
genocide
Genocide – A Global Perspective
 Examples of genocide?
 Why do you think some genocides are associated with wars
while others are not?
 What do you believe is the role of the international
community with respect to a genocidal situation?
Genocide: Bosnian Refugees
Background:
 1991: Bosnia
declared
sovereignty
 Bosnian Serb
minority boycotted
referendum
wanted to create
a Serb-only
republic
Genocide:
Bosnian Refugees
Conflict Background:
 Fighting lasted for three
years
Over 2 million
displaced refugees
Where did they go?
Tomorrow’s Agenda
Ethnicity and Race in the News
Find a newspaper story or news media story on
ethnicity or (social) race
Bring a hard-copy to class tomorrow
Group work: Be prepared to analyze which
type(s) of ethnic interaction the story is depicting
(See ‘Recap 6.2’ on page 147 of Kottak’s book)