Chinese-English Bilingual Teaching For
Logistics & Supply Chain
Management
Chapter 6. Warehouse Management
姜 阵 剑
jzj@sdjzu.edu.cn
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Ch.6 Warehouse Management

Purpose of Warehouse

Warehouse Management

Warehouse Costs

Warehouses and Stores Processes
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
Warehouses are viewed as a temporary place to store
inventory

At this channel of distribution the warehouse became a
support unit for numerous retail outlets .

Progressive warehousing and integrated retailers
developed mechanical and computerised systems.

Efficient warehousing now offered a method of reducing
storage and handling costs.
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
企业对“库存”的认识大致可分为两类

从成本控制的角度看

从生产作业的角度看

“库存”在英语里也有两种表达方式：
1.Inventory指以支持生产、维护、操作和客户服务为目的
而存储的各种物料，包括原材料、半成品和成品等；
2.Stock即为存货、积压。
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
两者都有库存之意，但STOCK偏向于指采购进来的原材料库
存；而INVENTORY指生产出来的半成品或成品的积压库存！

inventory 会计专业用语中的“存货”。
Inventory和Stock的分界点
 保持适当的库存量
对任何企业都是必
须的，也是区分
Inventory和Stock
的分水岭。
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1. purpose of warehouse

Warehouses and distribution centres have a primary aim,
which is to facilitate the movement of goods from suppliers
to customers, meeting demand in a timely manner.

In order to achieve this efficiently they may have to hold
stock, but this is not their main role.

It may be that inventory is held for contingencies or to give
a rapid customer service or in preparation of a new
product launch.
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1. purpose of warehouse

Some valid reasons for holding stock include the
following:
– As a buffer
– To cover demand during suppliers’ lead time
– To enable savings to be made through bulk
purchases or discounts;
– To cope with seasonal fluctuations;
– To provide a variety of product.
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1. purpose of warehouse

Logistics managers should view a warehouse as a
temporary place to tranship goods to customers.

Increasing customer service levels, combined with
pressures to reduce inventory and costs, and time
compression.

The warehouse is a vital link in the supply chain.
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2. warehouse management

Crucial issues in distribution may involve the following:
– Number, type and location of warehouses;
– Types of vehicles used for trucking and delivery;
– LICT systems, particularly for order capture,
warehouse and stock management and
transportation control.
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2. warehouse management

Oracle Order Capture 设计用于提供一个公共的模块，用
于创建并更新报价单与订单。Order capture 设计用于轻松
地同第三方和原有定购系统集成。它为企业提供了一个持续
的、无缝的定购过程。能使客户最终体验到一种一致的超级
体验。它的其他功能涉及使用一个产品配制器，计算复杂的
运货与定价指令，保存报价和实时处理信息。
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2. warehouse management

EDI, JIT and LICT, management have the flexibility to
react to market change, and these systems will apply
up to the minute information on stock availability,
locations, lead time and dispatch.

In this environment, management should consider
carefully whether there is any need to hold stock or to
maintain warehouses at all.
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3. warehouse costs

Warehouse running costs vary widely depending on the
nature of their operations.

The Freight Transportation Association (FTA货运联
合会/协会 ,UK) publishes guidelines in which it
emphasises the variants of costs.
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3. warehouse costs

The main costs are as follows:
– Staffing;
– Building services, maintenance and facilities
management;
– Warehouse equipment, including maintenance of
materials handling equipment and of vehicles.
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3. warehouse costs

The application of LICT to warehousing :
– Stock demand and forecasting;
– Stock pallet location, space utilization;
– Stock visibility;
– Vehicle utilization/asset tracking.
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3. warehouse costs

LICT may reduce staffing levels, and may enable the
consolidation of warehouses with the resultant
reduction of overheads.

Material handling equipment and order-picking
systems, although initially costly, will have long-term
cost benefits.
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4．warehouses and stores processes

The functions of a warehouse are as follows:
 Receipts
 Storage
 Packaging
 Dispatch
 Housekeeping
 Stocktaking
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WMS 仓库管理系统

The evolution of warehouse management systems (WMS)
is very similar to that of many other software solutions.

MRP

MRPII

ERP
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WMS 仓库管理系统
WMS，仓储在企业的整
个供应链中起着至关重
要的作用，如果不能保
证正确的进货和库存控
制及发货，将会导致管
理费用的增加，服务质
量难以得到保证，从而
影响企业的竞争力。
传统简单、静态的仓储
管理已无法保证企业各
种资源的高效利用。
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用友ERP-U8

用友ERP-U8 是用友软件2001 推出的成熟ERP 产品.
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Oracle
Warehouse
Management
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What is Warehousing
Internal
•
•
•
•
Inbound
Outbound
入库/开往内地的
出库/开往外地的
Purchases
Customer Returns
Transfers
Outside Processing
Inbound / outbound
management
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Processing
• Pick
• Pack
• Inspectio
n
• Count
•
•
•
•
Assembly
Storage
Move
Replenish
•
•
•
•
Customer Shipments
Vendor Returns
Transfers
Outside Processing
Warehousing Drivers
Variable
Demand
Just-in-Time
Delivery
Order Fragmentation
Global Demand
Global Promising
Increased Velocity
Internal
Inbound
Outbound
Processing
SKU Proliferation
Mass Customization
Increased
Complexity
SKU:最小存货单位/库存量单位
Stock
Keeping
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Inventory Reduction
Labor Reduction
Lowest
Total Cost
Warehousing Opportunity
 Warehouse
 Inventory
Labor Hours
Write-offs
10-30%
5-10%
销帐, 帐面价值的削减
 Total
Inventory
 Shipping
Errors
 Management
 Inventory
Time
Counting Hours
Sources: Lilly, Intermec, eSync, and Tompkins
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5%
80-100%
50%
80-100%
Q&A!
Exercises
教材
P84
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