Influencing Fleet Driver
Behaviour
Dr Lisa Dorn
Fleet 200 Event
Millbrook
June 27th 2012
l.dorn@cranfield.ac.uk
Introduction
Behaviour Based Safety
approach
DriverMetrics
Evidence based behavioural
interventions
Behaviour Based Safety
BBS highly effective in many safety-critical industries
How does BBS work?
9 Principles of BBS
Set goals for target behaviour
Give information on behaviours that increase crash risk
Give information about the consequences of taking risk
Assess intention and commitment to behaviour change
Provide support/resources for achieving target behaviour
Develop stress and time management strategies
Provide praise and encouragement
Monitor behaviour and review goals
Develop relapse prevention strategies
Assessing behavioural risks
• Assess driver behaviour via Driver Risk Index
• DRI development since 1986
• DM Established 2006
• Owned by Cranfield University
• DRI variants
DriverMetrics®
• Valid and reliable online scales
responses compared with norm
group and instant profile sent
• Over 100K profiles and
benchmarked for over 25 countries
• Feedback and driver coaching
• Self reflection on personal strengths
and weaknesses
Fleet Driver Risk Index Factors
Situational Risk
Age, driving experience, mileage, licence, crash history etc
Behavioural Risk Factors
Work Related Risk
Aggression
Hazard Monitoring
Driving Excitement
Driving Fatigue
Driver Coping Styles
Driving Focus
Confrontation
Driving Concerns
Self Evaluation
Correction Factors
Impression Management
Driver Confidence
Our Clients Include...
3 Stage Process
Identify
Act
Review
DriverMetrics® Solution
Driver Risk
Index
Targeted
Interventions
Management
Information
System
Targeted Interventions
• Black boxes
• Driver training
• e-training
BBS and Telematics
Telematics - diverse range of invehicle technologies for driver data
collection, monitoring and analysis
On-board safety monitoring devices
assesses driver behaviour and how
to improve risk via feedback
BBS and Telematics
Blind profiling then feedback condition or control group
30% reduced crash involvement (Lehmann & Cheale,1998)
20% crash reduction for treatment (Wouters & Bos (2000)
Reduced risk and cost savings (Levick and Swanson, 2005)
Reduced crash and repair costs by 25% (Georgia Tech, 2002)
Drivers of cars fitted with EDRs 105 fewer fatalities
compared with control group (Veronica I, 2006)
Reduced risk and total crashes for 7 mths (Toledo et al, 2008)
Safety-related events reduced (Hickman and Hanowski, 2011)
Effects not permanent!
Baseline then website feedback reduced risk for 4 mths returned to pre-feedback levels by month 5 (Toledo and Lotan,
2006)
Baseline then website feedback; 44% crash reduction higher levels within 10 mths (Musicant et al, 2007)
Need embedded education to support telematics
Algorithm as a proxy for safety?
Driver Training
• Five major international reviews - little evidence that
driver training contributes to crash reduction for any
driver group (Vernick et al, 1999; Woolley, 2000; Christie, 2001;
Roberts et al, 2002; Mayhew and Simpson, 2002)
• Goals for Driver Education (Hatakka et al, 2002)
• Driver coaching uses a behavioural approach
BBS workshops
Fleet driver workshops can reduce crash risk (e.g.
Gregersen et al, 1996; Salminen, 2007)
BBS and e-training
• Scenario-based e-training modules
• Develops hazard perception and
visual search skills
• Software low cost but effective (af
Wåhlberg, 2010; Isler, et al, 2008; Dorn 2011;
Horrey, 2009)
• Fleet driver risk management
packages and FDRI+
E-training
• e-training to develop situational awareness, hazard
perception and visual search skills
• Software low cost but highly effective (af Wåhlberg, 2010; Isler, et al,
2008; Dorn 2011; Horrey, 2009)
Safety Culture
Management decisions and
leadership can undermine
BBS and influence driver
behaviour
(Dorn, 2012)
Conclusion
• BBS approach is highly effective
• Assess driver behavioural risk using validated measures
• Use behavioural interventions
• Consider how to improve your safety culture