e
Space Environments and Effects
Analysis Section
SPENVIS Integration of Mulassis
H.D.R. Evans
Space Environments and Effects Section
TEC-EES
e
Space Environments and Effects
Analysis Section
What is Mulassis?
What can it Do?
What is Mulassis:
• A 1-D geometrical Monte-Carlo application
• Based on the Geant4 toolkit
• Simple, easy to use.
What can it Do?
• Simulates energetic particle interactions in 1-D geometries
(slab/sphere)
• Includes physical models and material properties of Geant4.
• Calculates total dose, NIEL, shielded fluences, PHS, DoseEquivalent
• Can be used determine dose, c.f. SHIELDOSE, but for shields
other than Aluminium.
5th October 2005
SPENVIS Integration of Mulassis SPENVIS Workshop
2
e
Space Environments and Effects
Analysis Section
Spenvis/Local Version
• Can run via SPENVIS interface
– Easy to use, simplified inputs
– Can directly include radiation environment spectra
• Can download from REAT server, install and run as a
standalone application
–
–
–
–
Can run simulations with more events
Greater flexibility in specifying input parameters.
No network connection required
Useful for parametric analyses
5th October 2005
SPENVIS Integration of Mulassis SPENVIS Workshop
3
e
Space Environments and Effects
Analysis Section
Spenvis/Mulassis:
http://www.spenvis.oma.be/spenvis/
• Accessed via the SPENVIS Server.
• Provides a series of Web pages to set up a simulation
– Geometry definition
– Particle source definition
– Physics to include in simulation
• Novice user has simpler options
• Advanced user can set production cuts (by region), selection of physics models
– Output analysis specification (one type per run, which simplifies the interface)
– Plotting of outputs
• Provides the G4MAC file that can be used directly in a local Mulassis run.
• Caveat: The space environment spectra vary by several orders of magnitude
over their energy range -> leads to oversampling of non-effectual low-energy
particles to the detriment of high energy ones; energy biasing of spectra
would be very useful, but is still to be implemented.
5th October 2005
SPENVIS Integration of Mulassis SPENVIS Workshop
4
e
Space Environments and Effects
Analysis Section
Standalone Mulassis
• Download it from
http://reat.space.qinetiq.com/mulassis/mulassis.htm
• Linux and Win32 binary versions available. (Win32
split into two install wizards: G4data and Mulassis)
• Statically linked Linux version is available – saves
installing Geant4 and rebuilding Mulassis – should run
on most Linux boxes – does not include OpenGL.
• Provides more functionality and flexibility than
available with SPENVIS, e.g. energy/angular biasing
of GPS particle source.
5th October 2005
SPENVIS Integration of Mulassis SPENVIS Workshop
5
e
Space Environments and Effects
Analysis Section
Geometry Specifications
• Default –
SHIELDOSE Slab
with layers
commensurate with
SD shielding
thicknesses
• Planar Slab
• Spherical Shell
5th October 2005
SPENVIS Integration of Mulassis SPENVIS Workshop
6
e
Space Environments and Effects
Analysis Section
Geometry Specification
• 1-D geometries used: Slab/Sphere:
/geometry/layer/shape [slab|sphere]
• Layers specified by:
/geometry/layer/add <layerNo> <Material>
<thick> <thick_units>
<colour>
/geometry/layer/add 0 Aluminium 1 4.0 mm
/geometry/layer/add 1 Silicon
2 50 mum
• Other commands include:
– /geometry/layer/delete <layerNo>
– /geometry/layer/list
5th October 2005
SPENVIS Integration of Mulassis SPENVIS Workshop
7
e
Space Environments and Effects
Analysis Section
SPENVIS Geometry Interface
5th October 2005
SPENVIS Integration of Mulassis SPENVIS Workshop
8
e
Space Environments and Effects
Analysis Section
Material Specification
/geometry/material
• Predefined Materials:
–
–
–
–
Vacuum
Air
Aluminium
Silicon
• Adding new materials:
– /geometry/material/add <Name> <Chem. Formula> <density g/cm 3>
– /geometry/material/add fused_quartz Si-O2
2.200E+00
5th October 2005
SPENVIS Integration of Mulassis SPENVIS Workshop
9
e
Space Environments and Effects
Analysis Section
SPENVIS Materials Interface
5th October 2005
SPENVIS Integration of Mulassis SPENVIS Workshop
10
e
Space Environments and Effects
Analysis Section
Incident Particle Specification
• Easiest: Use SPENVIS to set up the General Particle Source (GPS) macros.
• Establish particle type:
/gps/particle [ion|proton|neutron|e-|…]
• Establish particle source shape (point source)
• Establish angular distribution (isotropic -> cosine law)
/gps/ang/type cos
• Establish particle spectrum (mono, data, eEnergy, …), Emin, Emax
• Optional:
– Energy Biasing
– Angular Biasing
– Etc.
• See the GPS documentation
5th October 2005
SPENVIS Integration of Mulassis SPENVIS Workshop
11
e
Space Environments and Effects
Analysis Section
Normalisation Factor
• What is it?
– It’s a factor to scale the Mulassis outputs to the
environment -> to provide the real dose/fluence.
– Total number of environmental particles in
simulation energy range that would impact per cm2.
– E.g. NF = ¼ [Flux(>10 MeV) – Flux(>100 MeV)]
• New version of SPENVIS calculates this
automatically from environment spectra.
5th October 2005
SPENVIS Integration of Mulassis SPENVIS Workshop
12
e
Space Environments and Effects
Analysis Section
Spenvis Source Particles
5th October 2005
SPENVIS Integration of Mulassis SPENVIS Workshop
13
e
Space Environments and Effects
Analysis Section
Spenvis Source Particles
5th October 2005
SPENVIS Integration of Mulassis SPENVIS Workshop
14
e
Space Environments and Effects
Analysis Section
Physics to include
/phys/scenario <scenario>
•
•
•
•
•
•
Electro-Magnetic /“Lepton-gamma transport” (em)
Low Energy Electro-Magnetic (leem)
Hadrons (hadron)
Low Energy Neutrons (+/- ln)
Binary Cascades (binary)
For Example, for hadron AND electro-Magnetic but
NO low energy neutrons:
/phys/scenario hadron+em-ln
See Mulassis User Manual for more documentation
5th October 2005
SPENVIS Integration of Mulassis SPENVIS Workshop
15
e
Space Environments and Effects
Analysis Section
SPENVIS Physical Models
5th October 2005
SPENVIS Integration of Mulassis SPENVIS Workshop
16
e
Space Environments and Effects
Analysis Section
Analysis Types
•
•
•
•
Fluence – shielded particle spectra
Dose – Total dose in layer/shell
Dose Equivalent: ICRP-60 Q(L) definition
Non-Ionising Energy Loss (NIEL) Dose in layer
interface
• Pulse Height Spectrum (PHS)
5th October 2005
SPENVIS Integration of Mulassis SPENVIS Workshop
17
e
Space Environments and Effects
Analysis Section
Fluence Analysis
• Calculation of the shielded
flux spectrum for a particle.
• This is the number of
particles crossing a layer
boundary.
• Data is the number of
particles counted per energy
bin -> divide by the bin
width to get the differential
spectrum.
5th October 2005
SPENVIS Integration of Mulassis SPENVIS Workshop
18
e
Space Environments and Effects
Analysis Section
SPENVIS Fluence Analysis
5th October 2005
SPENVIS Integration of Mulassis SPENVIS Workshop
19
e
Space Environments and Effects
Analysis Section
Dose Analysis
• Calculates the total energy deposited in a layer.
• Numerous units available: MeV, Rads, Gy, etc.
• Can be compared to SHIELDOSE outputs :
(60 day GTO Trapped proton spectrum, 2 mm Al. shield, Si target)
– Mulassis: 1711 ± 427 Rads
– SD-2: 1880 Rads
5th October 2005
SPENVIS Integration of Mulassis SPENVIS Workshop
20
e
Space Environments and Effects
Analysis Section
SPENVIS Dose Analysis
5th October 2005
SPENVIS Integration of Mulassis SPENVIS Workshop
21
e
Space Environments and Effects
Analysis Section
SPENVIS Dose Analysis
5th October 2005
SPENVIS Integration of Mulassis SPENVIS Workshop
22
e
Space Environments and Effects
Analysis Section
NIEL Analysis
• Uses various NIEL curves to calculate the NIEL in an interface
between two layers from the Fluence analysis.
– Limited to NIEL analyses for specific curves:
• SPENVIS/JPL proton curve
• CERN/ROSE curves for protons, electrons, neutrons, pions
• SAVANT/NRL curves for protons, electrons & neutrons in Silicon, GaAs,
and InP (c.f. S. Messenger presentation yesterday).
– Can now set NIEL curve by layer.
• This is unlike the DOSE analysis, which calculates the total
energy deposited in the layer.
• For thin targets, this should be adequate.
5th October 2005
SPENVIS Integration of Mulassis SPENVIS Workshop
23
e
Space Environments and Effects
Analysis Section
SPENVIS NIEL Analysis
5th October 2005
SPENVIS Integration of Mulassis SPENVIS Workshop
24
e
Space Environments and Effects
Analysis Section
PHS Analysis
• A “cross” between the dose and fluence
analysis: it provides the number of particles that
deposit a specific energy in an energy bin.
• Used to predict the energy deposited spectra in,
for example a silicon detector.
5th October 2005
SPENVIS Integration of Mulassis SPENVIS Workshop
25
e
Space Environments and Effects
Analysis Section
SPENVIS PHS Analysis
5th October 2005
SPENVIS Integration of Mulassis SPENVIS Workshop
26
e
Space Environments and Effects
Analysis Section
SPENVIS PHS Analysis
5th October 2005
SPENVIS Integration of Mulassis SPENVIS Workshop
27
e
Space Environments and Effects
Analysis Section
Dose Equivalent Analysis
5th October 2005
1.0.E-08
p+ to H*(10) conversion
• Not yet implemented in
SPENVIS
• Uses ICRP-60 Q(L) function
to calculate Dose Equivalent
• Deviates from standard for
H*(d) due to geometry
simplifications: H(d) in
Mulassis is calculated for the
whole spherical shell, not
just the solid angle along a
particular direction.
Proton; H(10)
1.0.E-09
Fluka (adepr)
Version G4.7, ML1.7a (SPHERE)
Version G4.7, ML1.7a (SLAB)
1.0.E-10
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
1000
10000
Energy (GeV)
Pelliccioni, M. “Overview of Fluence-to-Effective Dose and Fluenceto-Ambient Dose Equivalent Conversion Coefficients for High Energy
Radiation Calculated Using the FLUKA Code”, Radiat. Prot. Dosim.
88(4), 279-297 (2000)
SPENVIS Integration of Mulassis SPENVIS Workshop
28
e
Space Environments and Effects
Analysis Section
Visualisation
• Most useful are:
– OpenGL: X windows visualisation
on the screen as simulation runs.
– VRML2FILE: visualisation within
VRML viewer (Cortona plugin,
vrmlview for Linux)*
– DAWN: with the dawn application,
can produce postscript files.
– WIRED
• Static binary version does not
support OpenGL.
• Only the first 100 events will be
displayed.
*my
preferences
5th October 2005
SPENVIS Integration of Mulassis SPENVIS Workshop
29
e
Space Environments and Effects
Analysis Section
Output Files
• Mulassis G4 Macro File
• Report file
– Contains information about run
– Dose and NIEL results
• Comma Separated Value (CSV) file
– In SPENVIS CSV format
– Contains outputs from all analysis modules (dose, PHS,
Fluence and NIEL)
• Program output/log file
5th October 2005
SPENVIS Integration of Mulassis SPENVIS Workshop
30
e
Space Environments and Effects
Analysis Section
Spenvis Output Page
5th October 2005
SPENVIS Integration of Mulassis SPENVIS Workshop
31
e
Space Environments and Effects
Analysis Section
SPENVIS Mulassis Macro
# SPENVIS generated macrofile for MULASSIS
/geometry/layer/delete 0
/geometry/material/add ICRU_Tissue H5398-C498-N100-O2566 1.000E+00
/geometry/layer/shape slab
/geometry/layer/add 0 Aluminium 1 2.000E+00 mm
/geometry/layer/add 1 Silicon 2 1.000E+01 mum
/geometry/layer/add 2 Silicon 1 1.000E+01 mum
/geometry/layer/add 3 Silicon 1 1.000E+01 mum
/geometry/layer/add 4 Silicon 1 1.000E+01 mum
/analysis/file spenvis
/analysis/normalise 8.188E+13 cm2
/analysis/phs/add 2
/analysis/phs/add 3
/analysis/phs/add 4
/analysis/phs/energy/default
/geometry/update
/phys/scenario em
/gps/particle proton
/gps/ene/type Arb
/gps/hist/type arb
/gps/ene/min 1.000E-01 MeV
/gps/ene/max 4.000E+02 MeV
/gps/hist/point 1.000E-01 3.056E+08
/gps/hist/point 1.500E-01 2.336E+08
/gps/hist/point 2.000E-01 1.724E+08
/gps/hist/point 3.000E-01 1.012E+08
/gps/hist/point 4.000E-01 6.619E+07
/gps/hist/point 5.000E-01 4.443E+07
/gps/hist/point 6.000E-01 3.149E+07
/gps/hist/point 7.000E-01 2.327E+07
/gps/hist/point 1.000E+00 1.153E+07
/gps/hist/point 1.500E+00 3.808E+06
/gps/hist/point 2.000E+00 1.474E+06
/gps/hist/point 3.000E+00 3.337E+05
/gps/hist/point 4.000E+00 1.176E+05
5th October 2005
/gps/hist/point 5.000E+00 5.061E+04
/gps/hist/point 6.000E+00 2.858E+04
/gps/hist/point 7.000E+00 1.771E+04
/gps/hist/point 1.000E+01 6.902E+03
/gps/hist/point 1.500E+01 1.603E+03
/gps/hist/point 2.000E+01 4.551E+02
/gps/hist/point 3.000E+01 9.342E+01
/gps/hist/point 4.000E+01 3.074E+01
/gps/hist/point 5.000E+01 1.888E+01
/gps/hist/point 6.000E+01 1.085E+01
/gps/hist/point 7.000E+01 8.428E+00
/gps/hist/point 1.000E+02 5.459E+00
/gps/hist/point 1.500E+02 2.826E+00
/gps/hist/point 2.000E+02 1.595E+00
/gps/hist/point 3.000E+02 5.442E-01
/gps/hist/point 4.000E+02 3.608E-02
/gps/hist/inter Lin
/gps/ang/type cos
/gps/ang/mintheta 0.000E+00 deg
/gps/ang/maxtheta 9.000E+01 deg
/vis/open VRML2FILE
/vis/scene/create
/vis/viewer/set/style wireframe
/vis/viewer/set/viewpointThetaPhi 90. 180.
/vis/drawVolume
/vis/scene/endOfEventAction accumulate
/tracking/storeTrajectory 1
/event/printModulo
1000
/run/cputime 6.000E+02
/run/beamOn 10000
SPENVIS Integration of Mulassis SPENVIS Workshop
32
e
Space Environments and Effects
Analysis Section
CSV File Format
• SPENVIS Comma Separated Value (CSV) format:
http://spenvis.oma.be/spenvis/help/models/outputs.html#UNIFMT
• Can be directly imported into Excel
• Header lines/Meta Data
– “navigation info”: # variable, header lines, data lines, …
– Plotting annotation
– Data variable descriptions: name, units, dimensions,
description
• Data in columns
5th October 2005
SPENVIS Integration of Mulassis SPENVIS Workshop
33
e
Space Environments and Effects
Analysis Section
Misc.
• SPENVIS – download output files directly into Excel
• Use SPENVIS to set up simulation and then tailor the
macro file to your own ends.
• Material “calculator” Excel Spreadsheet (G. Santin)
• CREME-86 Excel implementation of M1 environment
to provide GCR Spectra
• “help” command in command line version.
5th October 2005
SPENVIS Integration of Mulassis SPENVIS Workshop
34
e
Space Environments and Effects
Analysis Section
Future Activities/Desires:
•
•
•
•
Provide GCR spectra via
SPENVIS/MULASSIS “Source Particles”
page.
Include physics to handle high energy ions
(E>10 GeV/n).
Provide energy biasing of spectra.
Include Köln NIEL developments to
calculate NIEL directly during simulation.
Solar Cells:
–
–
•
•
Include SAVANT Solar Cell degradation
calculation as an analysis output- not just the
NIEL damage output.
Implement a simplified interface for solar
cell engineer in SPENVIS
Include Nuclear Decay Model.
Implement Dose Equivalent Analysis in
SPENVIS.
5th October 2005
Elemental Integral Flux for GCRs
1E+01
1E+00
Flux (#/m2/s/sr)
•
1E-01
1E-02
H
He
Fe
C
O
N
10 GeV/n
1E-03
1E-04
1E-05
1
SPENVIS Integration of Mulassis SPENVIS Workshop
10
100
1000 10000 1E+0
5
Energy (MeV/nucl)
35
e
Space Environments and Effects
Analysis Section
Questions?
5th October 2005
SPENVIS Integration of Mulassis SPENVIS Workshop
36
e
Space Environments and Effects
Analysis Section
Demonstration
• Spenvis simulation
• Command line (local) simulation
• Excel spreadsheets:
– Normalisation factor
– Material properties
– CREME M1 spectra
5th October 2005
SPENVIS Integration of Mulassis SPENVIS Workshop
37