Unit 6 Towards a Gender Free Society

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Unit 6 Towards a Gender

Free Society

Lesson One

Preview

• Warm-up

• New word study

• Background

• Global understanding

• Detailed study of Text I

• Practices &

Homework

Warm-up

• Do you know the word “gender”?

• What do you think are the major differences between men and women?

Major Differences men appearance tough...

intelligence thinking language behavior interests women tender…

New Word Study

• Reading aloud (pa.81)

• Concept visualized

• Word derivation

• Word formation

• Word differentiation

Concept Visualized

• masculine <a.>

– He looks very ~ in his new uniform.

• masculinity <U>

Concept Visualized

• feminine <a.>

– Pink is a ~ color.

• femininity <n.>

Concept Visualized

• stereotype

– Why do people always associate a doctor with a man and a nurse, a woman?

stereotypes

• Why must a lawyer be a man, whereas a secretary, a woman?

Stereotyped Joke

• How can you make a blonde laugh on

Saturday?

• Tell her a joke on Wednesday.

• How will a blonde kill a fish?

• She’ll down it.

Concept Visualized

• portray <v.>

– The writer ~s life in a refugee camp very vividly.

• portrait <n.>

• portrayal <n.>

• Self-portrait of Van

Gogh

Concept Visualized

• boisterous

– Her sons are nice boys, but rather ~.

Concept Visualized

• docile

– This is indeed a ~ dog.

<syn.> submissive

Concept Visualized

• norm <n.>

– This pay increase is well below the national ~.

• normal <a.>

• normality <n.>

Concept Visualized

• deviant <n.>

• deviance <n.>

• deviate <v.>

– She never ~s from her regular habits.

Concept Visualized

• impulse <n.>

• impulsive <a.>

He bought the car on (an) impulse.

Impulsive buying

Concept Visualized

• uniform <n.>

• uniform <a.>

– The rows of ~ houses look dull to me.

Concept

Visualized

• prescribe <v.>

– The doctor has prescribed some painkillers for her.

• prescription <n.>

Concept Visualized

· curriculum <n.>

· curricula <pl.>

Concept Visualized

• accessible <a.>

– That small country is

~ only by plane.

• access <n.> (+ to)

Concept Visualized

• segment <n.>

Orange segments

Concept Visualized

Line segments

• segments

Concept Visualized

This is a sentence fragment.

• fragment

<n./v.>

• fragmentation

<n.>

– A ~ bomb is one that explode into small pieces.

Concept Visualized

• interfere <v.>

• I never ~ between husband and wife in other people’s affairs.

• interference <n.>

Concept Visualized

• autonomy

<n.>

• autonomous

<a.>

• automate

<v.>

Concept Visualized

Bar window

Bar chart

Bar code

Concept Visualized

• stature <n.>

– She has not yet grown to

(her) full ~.

Concept Visualized

• spectrum <n.>

Red and violet are at opposite ends of the ~.

Verbs portray

Word Derivation

Nouns Nouns Adjectives portrait / portrayal distinction distinctive/ distinct conformity stereotype stereotypical conform prescribe prescription excellence excellent interfere interference impulse impulsive bar impose polarize bar segment segmental imposition autonomy autonomous polarization deviance deviant

Word Derivation

• sentimentality [adj.] →

• uniform [n.] →

• accessible [n.] →

• disruptive [n.] →

• boisterous [n.] →

• permanent [n.] →

• impose [adj.] →

• prescribe [adj.] →

• sentimental

• uniform

• access / accessibility

• disruption

• boisterousness

• permanence

• imposing

• prescriptive

Word Formation

Singular

• curriculum

• bacterium

• medium

• stratum

• sanatorium

• phenomenon

• formula

• criterion

Plural

• curricula

• bacteria

• media

• strata

• sanatoria

• phenomena

• formulae

• criteria

Word Differentiation

• segment vs. fragment

• She cleaned a small segment of the painting.

• Lines divided the area into segments .

• Market researchers often segment the population on the basis of age and social class.

• The worm has a segmented body.

• Police found fragments of glass near the scene.

The shattered vase lay in fragments on the floor.

Word Differentiation

• stereotype vs. norm

• He doesn’t conform to the usual stereotype of the businessman with a dark suit and briefcase.

• It’s wrong to stereotype people as if they were all alike.

• Single parents seem to be the norm rather than the exception nowadays.

• Most people conform to the accepted social norms .

Word Differentiation

• disrupt; interfere; bar

• Demonstrators succeeded in disrupting the meeting.

• Bus services will be disrupted tomorrow because of the bridge closure.

• I wish my mother would stop interfering and let me make my own decision.

• Two police officers were barring her exit.

• We found our ways barred by rocks.

Word Differentiation

• gender vs. sex

• Gender inequality sounds more formal than sex discrimination .

• Please indicate your sex and date of birth below.

• Sex before/outside marriage is strongly disapproved of in our culture.

• Most young people are now receiving sex education .

Word Differentiation

• entail vs. denote

• The job entails a lot of hard work.

• The girls learn exactly what is entailed in caring for a newborn baby.

• It will entail driving a long distance every day.

• In this example ‘X’ denotes the time taken and ‘Y’ ~s the distance covered.

(=represent)

• The red triangle denotes danger.

Word Differentiation

• conform vs. uniform

• There’s considerable pressure on teenagers to conform .

• The building does not conform with safety regulations. (=comply)

• It did not conform to the usual stereotype of an industrial city.

• The walls were a uniform grey.

• Growth has not been uniform across the country.

• They tried to ensure uniformity across the different department.

Word Differentiation

• impose vs. impulse

• A new tax was imposed on fuel.

• This system imposed additional financial burdens on many people.

• She didn’t want to impose her values on her family.

• It was noticeable how a few people managed to impose their will on the others.

• He had a sudden impulse to stand up and sing.

• I resisted the impulse to laugh.

Word Differentiation

• stature; statue; statute; status

• Both his parents are fairly small in stature .

• The orchestra has grown in stature .

• They plan to erect a statue to the hero.

• She achieved celebrity status overnight.

• Penalties are laid down in the statute .

• Under the statutes of the university they had no power to dismiss him.

Word Differentiation

• prescribe; describe; portray

• Valium (安定剂) is usually prescribed to treat anxiety.

• He may be able to prescribe you something for that cough.

• Let me describe to you how it happened.

• The father in the film is portrayed as a fairly unpleasant character.

Word Differentiation

• sentimental; sensible; sensitive; sensational

• The ring wasn’t worth very much but it had great sentimental value.

• He’s not the sort of man who gets sentimental about old friendships.

• I think the sensible thing would be to take a taxi home.

• She’s very sensitive about other people’s feelings.

• Some popular newspapers tend to attract the reader with sensational headlines.

Word Differentiation

• curriculum; course; subject

• Has computer studies been introduced into the school curriculum ?

• I’d like to do/take a writing course when I retire.

• History is my favorite subject at school.

• Our subject of discussion is school dropouts.

• She’s taking three subjects in her exams.

Word Expansion

• Transexual 变性人

• Why?

• There are both physical and emotional causes.

• It ’ s rather a lifestyle.

Word Expansion

• Kathoeys = Ladyboys 人妖

• Many men in Thailand chose to be “kathoeys” because of poverty.

Many of these people are talented in music and art.

Word Expansion

• Metrosexual = metropolis + sexual 花样美

• A word coined for David

Beckham by

Mark Simpson, a British critic

Word Expansion

• Macho: male in an aggressive way

• This is the traditional male image.

• Hunky : big, strong and sexually attractive

Word Expansion

• Is metrosexual replacing macho ?

• Will the beautiful men become icons of Chinese men?

Buzz Words

• Lady-killer

• Heart stopper

• Average male 大众男人

• Scruffy 邋遢的

• Jack the lad 玩世不恭的少年

• Nancy boy 女性化的男生

• Boyish 孩子气的

• Sissy boy 娘娘腔的

Word Expansion

• Sassy girl

• Tomboy

• The gender gap is blurring.

Word Expansion

• What makes a man?

• stamina 韧劲

• blokey 爷们儿

Hererosexual : a person whose sexual orientation is toward people of the opposite sex

Homosexual

Gender Imbalance

• Males often outnumber females in maths and science programs.

• Females often outnumber males in arts and humanities.

• Students in the minority might feel depressed and uncomfortable, lose their voice and feel ignored.

Problems:

Those in the majority gender may have to wait extra-long to use the toilets.

They may have fewer chances to find a boyfriend or girlfriend.

Gender Imbalance

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

1990 2004

Proportion of women students on Chinese university campuses

— Chinese Ministry of Education

Girls

Boys

Global Understanding

• Are there any boy schools or girl schools in China?

• Should boys and girls be taught differently?

• What do you think is a gender free society?

A society without sex distinction

A Detailed Study of Text I

• Word review

• Text comprehension

• Structure analysis

• Language points

What is the word?

• quiet and easily controlled

• describe or represent sth/sb

• a wide range of

• easy to obtain

• noisily cheerful

• follow a standard

• clear difference

• being the same in all its parts

• docile

• portray

• spectrum

• accessible

• boisterous

• conform

• distinction

• uniform

Define the word

• stereotype

• curriculum

• autonomy

• a fixed idea or image of what a particular type of person is like

• the subjects that are taught by a school or the things that are studied

• the ability to make one’s own decisions without being influenced

• polarization

• a process in which the differences between groups become ever more clear-cut and extreme

Match the word with its antonym.

• permanent

• deviance

• boisterous

• accessible

• masculine

• wavering

• uniform

• polarization

• feminine

• temporary

• inaccessible

• unwavering

• norm

• neutralization

• diverse

• docile

Text Comprehension

• What type of writing is the text?

• Argumentation.

• What is the author’s purpose of writing?

• To argue that coeducation is the most desirable form of education.

• How does the author arrange the materials?

• By means of the deductive method.

Text Comprehension

• What is the theme of this argumentative essay?

• The single sex school does not realize the aim of education, while coeducation is the best way to educate young people.

• Are there any sentences that contribute to this main idea?

Topic Sentence

• The world is sharply divided into clearly/distinctly masculine and feminine, because that is the way we believe it the world should be. (para.1)

Topic Sentence

• The grounds on which the idea of

The foundation single sex schools might be defended is based and might be protected are cut from under our feet. (para.2) is destroyed right before our eyes

Topic Sentences

• Coeducation is the most desirable form of education.

(para.4)

• Coeducation has survived as the best way to educate young people. (para.5)

Topic Sentence

• Which do you think is the topic sentence of paragraph 3, the first or the second sentence? Why?

• The second sentence:

• But the single sex school… does anything but this.

except

• What is paragraph 4 mainly about?

Structure of the Text

• Part I (para.1-2) the gender stereotypes are mentioned and logically rejected

• Part II (para.3-4) arguing against the single sex school and arguing for coeducation

• Part III (para.5) suggesting coeducation and a gender free society

Detailed Study — Part I

• We hold this unwavering belief keep firm and take considerable effort to spend big amounts of extra energy keep this division. (para.1)

Detailed Study — Part I

• From the time a child is born, he or she is expected to meet stereotypes — boys are supposed to satisfy fixed sets of conventional expectation portrayed as boisterous and disruptive, described as lively and noisy and troublesome girls conform to the expectations when live up to they are sweet and docile. (para.1) gentle, lovely and submissive .

Detailed Study — Part I

• People become the product of their biology. (para.1)

• People become what they are based on the biological differences.

Detailed Study — Part I

• Their social roles and identity are predetermined by their permanent fixed or determined unchangeably from the very identifying attribute “sex”. (para.1) beginning by their eternal natural quality

• The different parts played by men and women and their distinctions existing in the society are fixed by their different sexes long before they enter it.

Detailed Study — Part I

• Males are the producers of cool reasoning and capable of being leaders. (para.1)

• Males have the ability of reason calmly and form opinions based on logical reasoning so that they possess the capability of becoming leaders.

Detailed Study — Part I

• However, no one feels sure that certain natural differences that exist between man biological and woman are relevant to be distinctions are connected with differences between male and female excellence…

(para.2)

Detailed Study — Part I

• Such uncertainty denotes a rejection of such

This kind of indicate a refusal to accept concepts as “gender appropriate” and

“stereotyped sex roles” which are only social norms invented by man, imposed on man, socially accepted standards artificially created by man; human beings are forced to accept them, but rest their logic nowhere. (para.2) but they are not reasonable at all.

Language Points

• Sharply (para.1)

– Opinions are sharply divided.

– Their experiences contrast ~ with those of other children.

• Take…effort (para.1)

– It takes constant effort to become fluent in a language.

– require/demand/need/put in effort

Language Points

• Conform to (para.1)

– She refuses to ~ to the normal social conventions.

– The building does not ~ to safety regulations.

• Biology (para.1)

– How far is human nature determined by ~?

Language Points

• Identity (para.1)

– She went through an ~ crisis in her teens.

• Predetermine (para.1)

– The color of a person’s eye is ~d by those of his parents.

• Identify (para.1)

– Can you ~ your umbrella among all these one?

Language Points

• relevant to (para.2)

– His nationality is not ~ to whether he is a good lawyer.

• appropriate (para.2)

– You will be informed of the details at the ~ time.

– His bright clothes were hardly ~ for such a solemn occasion.

Language Points

• rest… nowhere (para.2)

– His fame rests more on his plays than on his novels.

– Your argument rests on a statement that can’t be proved.

– Bad manners will get you nowhere .

– We looked for her everywhere, but she was nowhere to be found .

– The horse I bet on finished nowhere .

Language Points

• grounds (para.2)

– You have no ~ for constant complaining.

– Her claim was disallowed on the ~ that she had not paid her premium.

• cut the ground from under sb’s feet: destroy sb’s plan or debate etc. by taking preactions

Detailed Study — Part II

• The aim of education is to stimulate

Education aims to provide the educated with impulses, encourage free thinking and stimuli, to encourage them to think freely and boldness in thought and keep alive boldly, and to help them develop and keep various interests. (para.3) active their various interests .

Detailed Study — Part II

• But the single sex school by following the simple uniform structure and prescribing a identical offering separate curriculum for males and females different does anything but this. (para.3) not achieve this aim at all

Detailed Study — Part II

• But at a very early stage, a single sex school kills the possibility for destroys the likelihood a vigorous youth to grow and an energetic youth develop into full stature. (para.3) fully into maturity

Detailed Study — Part II

• The education in single-sex schools may lead to the fragmentation of knowledge result in the act of breaking knowledge into and unwholeness of individual identity. pieces and the inability for students to establish their personal identities

(para.3)

Detailed Study — Part II

• Girls persuade themselves that make themselves believe they have no head for can not deal with mechanical things. (para.3)

Detailed Study — Part II

• Such sex polarization is also dangerous in an act of causing boys and girls to form into two groups a sense that it severs a sense of a way that it cuts off community by isolating people into two dividing gender groups. (para.3)

Detailed Study — Part II

• Their attitudes remain hostile as if they do not belong to the same species. (para.3)

Their attitudes continue to be unfriendly, as though they do not belong to the same human species.

Detailed Study — Part II

• Coeducation is the most desirable form of education.

(para.4)

• The system of educating boys and girls together in the same schools and classes is the most ideal form of education.

Detailed Study — Part II

• With the full spectrum of experience offered, life is an open possibility for man as well as woman. (para.4)

• Life, which consists of rich, colorful experiences, offer equal opportunities to everyone, both man and woman.

Detailed Study — Part II

• Everyone is anxious to let their minds flower into full blossom.

(para.4)

• Men and women are all eager to develop fully / live up to their expectations.

Language Points

• Boldness (para.3)

– The soldier is famous for his ~.

– You can see the ~ of the outline of the mountain against the sky.

• Keep alive (para.3)

– Doctors kept the baby alive for six weeks.

– The people tried to keep the old traditions alive.

Language Points

• Expansion (para.3)

– Metals undergo ~ when heated.

– The new factory is large to allow room for ~.

– Water expands when it freezes.

• I see no reason why… (para.3)

– I see no reason why we should help her.

Language Points

• Self-determinism (para.3): the belief that one has the control of his/her own fate

• Determinism : (philosophy) the belief that people are not free to choose what they are like or how they behave, because these things are decided by their background, surroundings and other things over which they have no control 决定论

Language Points

• Bar from (para.3)

– She was barred from (entering) the competition because of her age.

– Traffic has been barred from the city center.

• Vigorous (para.3)

– He is a ~ supporter of human rights.

– My decision met with ~ opposition.

Language Points

• Fragmentation (para.3)

– The ~ of metals occurs under certain conditions.

– The ~ of a society into competing groups benefits social progress.

• Have no head for (para.3)

– He has no ~ for figures.

– My boyfriend has no ~ for business.

Language Points

• Enclose (para.3)

– The monk lived an enclosed life.

– The garden is enclosed by bushes.

• Save (para.3)

– She did it herself to ~ argument.

– If you phone for an appointment, it’ll ~ you waiting.

– Thanks for sending that letter for me — it

~d me a trip.

Language Points

• Parallel (para.3)

– Their legal system ~s our own.

– The rise in unemployment is ~ed by an increase in petty crime.

• In sense (para.3)

– I am a worker in a sense that I work; I don’t get paid for what I do.

– You are right in a sense, but you don’t know all the facts.

Language Points

• Sever (para.3)

– His hand was ~ed from his arm in the accident.

– The two countries have ~ed all diplomatic links.

• Hostile (para.3)

– The speaker got a very ~ reception from the audience.

– She was openly ~ towards her parents.

Language Points

• Integrated (para.4)

– He has an ~ personality, showing a pleasing mixture of various qualities.

– It is an ~ school with children of different races and social classes.

• Protest (para.4)

– Students took to the streets to ~ against the decision.

– She has always ~ed her innocence.

Language Points

• Flower into full blossom (para.4)

– Their friendship has ~ed into full blossom.

– Their love is flowering into full blossom.

• In full bloom

– The roses are now in full bloom .

Detailed Study — Part III

• As society moves ahead, the gender category becomes blurred. (para.5)

• With the development of the society, the gender difference is getting more and more indisdinct/unclear.

Detailed Study — Part III

• May I venture to suggest that one day take the risk when male and female is a reproductive are only category only, but no longer central to biologically differentiated… play an important our identity… (para.5) part in establishing our identity…

Detailed Study — Part III

• … I will call that A GENDER

FREE SOCIETY, A HEALTHY

SOCIETY. (para.5)

• I will call that a society without distinction of sex, a wholesome society.

Language Points

• Survive (para.5)

– The government is unlikely to ~ the next election.

– Doctors did not expect him to ~ the night.

• Move ahead (para.5)

– Share prices have been moving ahead.

– Urban civilization is moving ahead rapidly.

Language Points

• Blur (para.5)

– Her eyes ~red with tears.

– Tears ~red her eyes.

• Venture to (para.5)

– I ~ to suggest that she might have made a mistake.

– She hardly dared to ~ an opinion.

Language Points

• Reproductive (para.5)

– Must all living creatures have ~ organs?

– This is a picture of the female ~ system.

• Be central to (para.5)

– His sudden disappearance was ~ to the plot of the book.

– Reducing inflation is ~ to the government’s economic policy.

– Community involvement is ~ to our plan.

Practices & Homework

• Review of the text

• Translation practice

• Exercises of Unit 6

– Word differentiation

– Grammar highlights

• Oral practice

Answer the following questions

• How are boys portrayed as from the time they are born?

• What are such concepts as “gender appropriate” and “stereotyped sex roles”?

• What is the aim of education according to the author?

Answer the following questions

• What may the education in single-sex school lead to?

• In what sense does the author say that sexual polarization is dangerous?

• To what extent in the author’s opinion can a society be healthy?

Translation Practice

• She believes that she is not a good mother because she does not fit the stereotype of a woman who spends all her time with her children.

• Customers are tired of the stereotypical salesperson.

, fast-talking

• 她觉得自己不是

一个好母亲,因

为她不是那种把

所有时间都花在

孩子身上的妇女

• 顾客们厌倦了那

种千篇一律、喋

喋不休的销售人

员。

Translation Practice

• This system imposed additional financial burdens on many people.

• Economic sanctions have been imposed on the nation.

• The court has decided to impose a light sentence on the first offender.

• 他把自己对那部小说的看法强

加给了我。

• 这项制度给许多人

增加了额外的经济

负担。

• 对这个国家的经济

制裁被强制执行。

• 法庭几经决定对初

次犯罪的人从轻处

罚。

• He imposed on me his own ideas about the novel.

Translation Practice

• The president lacks physical stature.

• 尽管他身材不高,但却成了一

名成功的足球运动员。

• His reputation has risen to world stature after the success of the film.

• She has grown in stature since winning the

Tchaikovsky Piano

Competition.

• 总统缺乏身高 。

• Despite his lack of stature , he became a successful footballer.

• 那部电影成功之后

,他在全球的声望

得以提高。

• 自从赢得柴可夫斯

基钢琴比赛大奖后

,她声名鹊起。

Translation Practice

• The courses cover the full spectrum of levels.

• The group includes students from both ends of the social spectrum .

• 报纸涵盖了各类不同的看

法。(众说纷纭,莫衷一

是)

• We shall hear views from across the political spectrum .

• 这门课涉及各个不同

的层次水平。

• 这个团体包括来自社

会各个阶层的学生。

• The newspaper covers a broad/wide spectrum of opinion.

我们要听取各个政治

派别的看法。

Translation Practice

• The capacity to think is characteristic of our species.

• These sophisticated production techniques are characteristic of the more developed economics of the country.

• 多风的天气是三月的特征。

• 交流的需求是人类社会的特征

• It’s characteristic of her that she never complained.

• 思考的能力是我们人类

所特有的。

• 这些先进的生产技术是

该国经济更为发达的特

征。

• Windy days are characteristic of

March.

• The need to communicate is characteristic of human society.

• 她从不抱怨,这就是她

的特征。

Translation Practice

• The case was dismissed on the grounds that there was not enough evidence.

• 他因为身体原因而从岗位

上退了下来。

• 雇主不能以性别为理由而

歧视员工。

• I think he’s lying on the ground of his evasive answers.

• 案件被驳回,理由是证

据不足。

• He resigned from his post on the ground of ill health / on health grounds .

• Employers cannot discriminate on grounds of sex.

• 我认为他在撒谎,因为

他的回答吞吞吐吐的。

Translation Practice

• The remote desert area is only accessible by helicopter.

• The cartoon strips are designed to make

Shakespeare accessible to children.

• 说明应该用简单的语言来

书写,以便让顾客都能理

解。

• 海滩应该让游客容易接近

• 那片偏远的沙漠地区只能靠

直升机进入。

• 这些连环画是为让儿童能读

懂莎翁作品而抓门设计的。

• The instructions should be written in simple language so that they are immediately accessible to the customers.

• The beach should be accessible to the tourists.

Translation Practice

• She never allows her personal feelings to interfere with her work.

• 隔壁的电视声影响了我

的工作。

• I’d get fired if he found out I’d been interfering with his records.

• 谁乱翻我的论文了?

• 她从来不会因为个人情感

而影响工作。

• The sound of the TV upstairs interferes with my work.

• 如果他发现我弄坏了他的

录音,他会炒了我的。

• Who’s been interfering with my papers?

Translation Practice

• A new dictionary must be very good if it is to compete with the many already in the market.

• Danny raised his eyes, interest competing with suspicion.

• 我们在价格上无法和大

公司竞争。

• 一本新词典必须要非

常好才能与市场上业

已存在的众多词典相

抗衡。

• 丹尼抬起头,眼睛里

既有好奇又有怀疑。

• We can’t compete with the large companies on price.

Exercises of Unit 6

• Word differentiation

• Grammar highlights

Word Differentiation

• Sex or gender?

• Nowadays educationalists are worried about the impact of ___ and violence in TV.

• sex

• The government is working on tackling

• gender

____ inequalities in employment.

• Masculine or male?

• People generally like to have __ dogs as pets.

• The ceremony is exclusively ____.

• male masculine

Word Differentiation

• Distinction or difference?

• It’s hard to make any ____ between the two approaches to language teaching.

• All groups are entitled to this money without ______.

• Thought or thinking?

• I’ll certainly have to do some fast ___, won’t I?

• All kinds of ____ raced through my mind.

• distinction

• distinction

• thinking

• thoughts

Word Differentiation

• Attribute, characteristic or feature?

• Organizational ability is an essential _____ for a good manager.

• The magazine runs a regular

____ on ethnic cooking.

• The two species have several

____ in common.

• attribute

• feature

• characteristic

Word Differentiation

• Live, alive, living or lively?

• The city comes ____ at night.

• Her dream was to earn her ____ as a singer.

• The band have never played this song ____ before.

• The subject produced a ____ debate in Parliament.

• alive

• living

• live

• lively

Word Differentiation

• Species, categories, classes or kinds?

• The towns investigated fell into two broad ______.

• Membership of gardening clubs is drawn from all social _____.

• Certain ____ of food are unsuitable for small children.

• The jungle is rich in different plant

______.

• categories

• classes

• kinds

• species

Grammar Highlights

• Transform the following into passive sentences where possible.

• Someone once taught me a Finnish song

I was once taught a Finnish song without telling me what it really meant. In fact without being told… they played a nasty trick on me , because

I was played a nasty trick on, because… when I sang it in Finland everyone blushed.

Oral Practice

• Proposition:

• Any form of education other than co-education is simply unthinkable

Thank you!

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