Friend-Foe Identification System
Justin Ayvazian
Ben Johnson
Eric Putney
Michael Ruth
Advisor: Professor Sandip Kundu
ECE 415 Senior Design Project Fall 2010
Project Overview and Motivation
 Protect military personnel
from hijacked friendly
vehicles and hostile vehicles
masquerading as friendly
forces
• Reliably and quickly identify
ground vehicles
• Encrypted wireless
transmissions for security
• Password user interface
• Display information and track
vehicles on intuitive GUI
ECE 415 Senior Design Project Fall 2010
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Benefits Over Current and Alternative Systems
 Simultaneously and quickly handle multiple
approaching vehicles
• Not a data heavy transmission scheme
 No physical hardware keys
• Cannot steal the password
 Data dependent encryption
• Current system hacked by eavesdroppers
 Vehicle tracking via GPS
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System Block Diagrams
Gray Blocks: Completed by CDR
Red Blocks: Completed by FPR
Vehicle Module
Base Module
Altera DE2
Altera DE2
RC5 Encryption
Module
RC5 Encryption
Module
Ethernet Interface
Ethernet Interface
AirborneDirect
Ethernet Bridge
AirborneDirect
Ethernet Bridge
Control Module
Control Module
Password
Transformation
RS-232
Password
Transformation
Interface
DE2 Binary VGA Controller
Flash Memory
GUI Output
ECE 415 Senior Design Project Fall 2010
EB-85A
GPS Unit
Password Interface
DE2 Switch Bank
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From CDR
 Completed:
• RC5 encryption integrated with software
• Ethernet communication between DE2 Boards
• User password interface
 To be Implemented:
•
•
•
•
Integrate GUI and DE2 Boards
Bridge Wireless communication between modules
Implement GPS hardware
Timeout and multi-vehicle handling
• 802.11 System Simulation Data
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Updated Hardware
 Migration away from USB powered peripherals
• Most USB products require O/S support for plug and play
devices
 Wireless Communication:
• Quatech AirborneDirect™ Wireless Ethernet Bridge
• Demo demonstrates 802.11b wireless connectivity
 GPS Receiver:
• San Jose Navigation EB-85A GPS Receiver
• GPS Evaluation Board
• RS232 connection for serial communication
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GPS Interfacing
 GPS Evaluation Board
• RS-232 connection
 EB-85A GPS Receiver
• Geographic Position
• NMEA Protocol
• Eight minute Specificity
• Baud Rate: 38400 bps
• Changed from Holux GM210 GPS Receiver
• Required firmware drivers
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GPS Protocol and Interfacing
 GPS Module pushes NMEA sentences to board
• GGA Sentence: $GPGGA,UTC,Lat,N/S,Lng,E/W,…
• Comma delimited fields
 Latitude Data: ddmm.mmmm
 Longitude Data: dddmm.mmmm
 Resolution: .0001/60 = 1.67 x 10^-6 degrees
 GUI: 2 pixels = 1 m = X deg Lat, Y deg Lng
• Prestore Base GPS, calculate difference in pixels between
base and vehicle GPS to draw vehicle on GUI
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Graphical User Interface
 Issues:
• Host computer to USB requires Plug-and-Play
technology (operating system support)
• JTAG Blaster only available communication method left
for transmitting GPS coordinates to Google API
• Unable to stream information over JTAG-Blaster
 Corrections:
• Custom made GUI
• Use DE2 VGA protocols to stream to monitor
• Stand alone system that requires no computer support
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Wireless Communication Integration
 AirborneDirect™ Ethernet
Bridge
• Point-to-point wireless
communication
• 802.11 b/g compliant
• Changed from Quatech
WLNG-ET-DP501 WiFi
Access Point
• Incompatible serial
connectors for DE2
integration
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Updated Message Structure
 TCP/IP protocol used for packet transmission
• Each message preceded by unencrypted TCP headers
• Changed from UDP transmission
• UDP not used by wireless bridges
 Each packet payload transmitted will be 64 bits
• Efficient for RC5 encryption scheme
• Extra bits (where necessary) are randomly generated white
noise for payload obfuscation.
 Vehicle and base modules will have unique unencrypted IP
address for routing and multi-vehicle handling
• Allows base to throw out received TCP/IP packets not coming
from a valid vehicle
• Additional validation by cross-checking public and private IDs
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Updated Packet Structures and Communication Scheme
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Bandwidth Considerations
 Transmitted data packets are 66 bytes
• 8 byte payloads with 58 bytes of TCP/IP headers
• Full conversation between vehicle and base is 462 bytes with
appended TCP/IP headers
• Assumes no collisions or lost messages
 AirborneDirect Ethernet bridges have maximum bandwidth
of 11 Mb/s
• Must compete with all 802.11b devices in area
 System can theoretically support hundreds of simultaneous
conversations
• Unable to physically test limit due to lack of hardware
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FPR -Team Roles
 Ben: RC5 encryption module and wireless
communication
 Mike: Packet composition and system
implementation
 Justin: GPS interfacing and system
implementation
 Eric: GUI and system implementation
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Demo
 GPS coordinates updated to GUI in real-time
• Updated GUI scheme, integrated with DE2 Boards
• Communication between GPS and vehicle module, base
module and GUI fully integrated
 Fully functioning wireless protocol
• Bridged ad-hoc point-to-point communication
• Communication and encryption modules completed
 Password interface and encoding integrated on DE-II
• 16 binary switches for password value with push button to
simulate password submission
• Password randomization function implemented
• Multi-Vehicle Lookup Tables completed
 Timeouts implemented for multi-vehicle handling
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Experience Gained
 Classes most useful to this project:
• ECE 242, ECE 353, ECE 354, ECE 374
 Software used:
• Quartus II, Nios II, Wireshark, Visual Studio C++
 Interactions with the professional engineering
community
 System engineering design process
• Concept to functional prototype
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Extra Slides
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Outcome Assessments
 A:
• ECE 242 - RC5 encryption algorithm.
• ECE 353 – Firmware programming and hardware interfacing.
• ECE 354 - FPGA system programming and NiosII C-based
application programming.
• ECE 374 – Ad-hoc communication scheme implemented with
TCP/IP protocol.
 B:
• Created a meaningful GUI output simulating GPS coordinates.
• Simulated base GPS and Vehicle GPS to ensure that the
vehicle was displayed in expected location on the GUI.
• Decomposed NMEA messages to ensure coordinates obtained
by the GPS module matched Google Maps
• Analyzed raw GPS data and compared to previous known
results to debug our GUI.
• Wireshark used to decompose 802.11 packets for ethernet
bridge integration and testing.
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Outcome Assessments
 C:
• I
•
•
•
•
Fast and reliable wireless communication up to one mile
Multi-Vehicle handling
Secure transmission scheme
Password interface that will attempt to prevent the vehicle
from being able to be hijacked.
• II
• Prototype constrained to 100 meter range
• Limited connection methods to DE2 boards
• III
• Developed simplified and secure password system that will
prevent hijacked vehicles from being identified as friendly
in all but the most extreme scenarios
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Outcome Assessments

D:
•
•
•
•
•
Justin Ayvazian (EE)
• GPS unit integration
• Decomposition of GPS messages and scaling for the GUI.
Ben Johnson (CSE)
• Implementation of RC5 encryption algorithm
• Configuration and integration of wireless Ethernet bridges.
Eric Putney (CSE)
• System integration
• Creation and updating of GUI
Mike Ruth (CSE)
• Packet composition and decomposition
• Creation and analysis of data messages.
All members worked together on the code that runs the vehicle and
base modules. Each module consists of a state machine that runs and
integrates all of the separate components. These state machines were
a group effort.
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Outcome Assessments
 E:
• Outputting over the USB blaster would not be possible:
• Alternative output GUI would need to be developed.
• Done by designing our own GUI that would output over
a VGA cable directly into a monitor.
• Helped in making our system standalone which
improved the system design.
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Outcome Assessments
 F:
• System reliability:
• Safety of soldiers reliant on system
• Exclusive testing was required
 G:
• Email and phone while apart
• Vocally while together
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Outcome Assessments
 H:
• Prevention of Vehicle hijackings and bombings
• Comfortable environment for soldiers and families
• Negative consequences:
• Mal-intent, deception, and destruction by terrorist
groups
 I:
• RC5 Encryption
• Encryption of wireless transmission data
• NMEA protocol
• Proper interfacing with GPS antenna
• WiFi packet structure
• Interfacing wireless Ethernet bridges
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Outcome Assessments
 J:
• Safety of soldiers
• Eliminate threats at checkpoints
• Saves lives
 K:
• Quartus
• Compilation and Synchronization of DE2 Boards
• NIOS II
• C/C++ software implementation
• Wireshark
• Network protocol analyzer
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