CHAPTER 7
NETWORKS,
TELECOMMUNICATIONS,
AND WIRELESS
COMPUTING
Opening Case
The Digital Hospital
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
©2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved
7-2
Chapter Seven Overview
• SECTION 7.1 – NETWORKS AND
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
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Network Basics
Architecture
Topology
Protocols
Media
E-Business Networks
• SECTION 7.2 – WIRELESS COMPUTING
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Wireless Fidelity
Business Drivers for Wireless Technologies
Advantages of Enterprise Mobility
The Future of Wireless
SECTION 7.1
NETWORKS AND
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
©2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved
7-4
LEARNING OUTCOMES
1. Compare LANs, WANs, and MANs
2. List and describe the four components
that differentiate networks
3. Compare the two types of network
architectures
7-5
LEARNING OUTCOMES
4. Explain topology and the different
types found in networks
5. Describe TCP/IP along with its primary
purpose
6. Identify the different media types found
in networks
7-6
NETWORK BASICS
• Telecommunication system - enable the
transmission of data over public or private
networks
• Network - a communications, data
exchange, and resource-sharing system
created by linking two or more computers
and establishing standards, or protocols, so
that they can work together
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NETWORK BASICS
• The three types of networks include:
– Local area network (LAN)
– Metropolitan area network (MAN)
– Wide area network (WAN)
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NETWORK BASICS
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NETWORK BASICS
• Networks are differentiated by the following:
– Architecture - peer-to-peer, client/server
– Topology - bus, star, ring, hybrid, wireless
– Protocols - Ethernet, Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
– Media - coaxial, twisted-pair, fiber-optic
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ARCHITECTURE
• There are two primary types of
architectures
– Peer-to-peer (P2P) network
– Client/server network
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Peer-to-Peer Networks
• Peer-to-peer (P2P)
network - any
network without a
central file server
and in which all
computers in the
network have
access to the public
files located on all
other workstations
7-12
Client/Server Networks
• Client - a computer that is designed to
request information from a server
• Server - a computer that is dedicated to
providing information in response to external
requests
– Client/server network - model for applications
in which the bulk of the back-end processing
takes place on a server, while the front-end
processing is handled by the clients
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Client/Server Networks
• Network operating system (NOS) - the operating system
that runs a network, steering information between
computers and managing security and users
• Packet-switching - occurs when the sending computer
divides a message into a number of efficiently sized units
called packets, each of which contains the address of the
destination computer
• Router - an intelligent connecting device that examines
each packet of data it receives and then decides which way
to send it onward toward its destination
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Client/Server Networks
• Client/Server network
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Client/Server Networks
• Worldwide router growth
7-16
TOPOLOGY
• Network topology - refers to the
geometric arrangement of the actual
physical organization of the computers
and other network devices) in a network
– Bus
– Star
– Ring
– Hybrid
– Wireless
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TOPOLOGY
7-18
PROTOCOLS
• Protocol - a standard that specifies the
format of data as well as the rules to be
followed during transmission
• Interoperability - the capability of two or
more computer systems to share data and
resources, even though they are made by
different manufacturers
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Ethernet
• Ethernet - a physical and data layer
technology for LAN networking
7-20
Transmission Control Protocol/
Internet Protocol
• Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol (TCP/IP) - provides the technical
foundation for the public Internet as well as
for large numbers of private network
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Transmission Control Protocol/
Internet Protocol
• TCP/IP applications
– File transfer protocol (FTP)
– Simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP)
– Hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)
– Simple network management Protocol
(SNMP)
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Transmission Control Protocol/
Internet Protocol
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Voice over IP (VoIP)
• Voice over IP (VoIP) - uses TCP/IP
technology to transmit voice calls over
long-distance telephone lines
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MEDIA
• Network transmission media - refers to
the various types of media used to carry
the signal between computers
– Wire media (guided)
– Wireless media (unguided)
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Wire Media
•
Wire media - transmission material
manufactured so that signals will be
confined to a narrow path and will behave
predictably
•
Three most commonly used types include:
1. Twisted-pair wiring
2. Coaxial cable
3. Fiber optic (or optical fiber)
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Wire Media
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Wireless Media
• Wireless media - natural parts of the
Earth’s environment that can be used as
physical paths to carry electrical signals
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E-BUSINESS NETWORKS
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E-BUSINESS NETWORKS
• Virtual private network (VPN) - a way to use the public
telecommunication infrastructure (e.g., Internet) to provide
secure access to an organization’s network
• Valued-added network (VAN) - a private network, provided
by a third party, for exchanging information through a high
capacity connection
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OPENING CASE QUESTIONS
The Digital Hospital
1.
Explain how hospitals are using telecommunication and
network technologies to improve their operations
2.
Describe the two different types of network architectures
and identify which one Hackensack University Medical
Center is using
3.
Explain TCP/IP and the role it plays in Hackensack
University Medical Center’s IT projects
4.
Identify a new telecommunication or network product that
Hackensack University Medical Center could use to
improve its operations
SECTION 7.2
WIRELESS
COMPUTING
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©2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved
7-32
LEARNING OUTCOMES
7. Explain how a wireless device helps an
organization conduct business anytime,
anywhere, anyplace
8. Describe RFID and how it can be used to help
make a supply chain more effective
9. List and discuss the key factors inspiring the
growth of wireless technologies
10. Describe the business benefits associated
with a mobile enterprise
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WIRELESS FIDELITY (WI-FI)
• Wireless fidelity (wi-fi) – a means of linking
computers using infrared or radio signals
• Common examples of wireless devices include:
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Cellular phones and pagers
Global positioning systems (GPS)
Cordless computer peripherals
Home-entertainment-system control boxes
Two-way radios
Satellite television
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WIRELESS FIDELITY (WI-FI)
• Disruptive wireless technologies
– WiMax wireless broadband
– Radio frequency identification tags (RFID)
– Micro hard drives
– Apple’s G5 and AMD’s Athlon 64 processors
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The Value of Timely Information
• Timeliness is an aspect of information that
depends on the situation
– Real-time information – immediate, up-todate information
– Real-time system – provides real-time
information in response to query requests
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The Value of Timely Information
• Real-time systems help organizations
make faster and more effective decisions
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BUSINESS DRIVERS FOR
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES
• Mobile and wireless are often used
synonymously, but actually denote two
different technologies
– Mobile technology - means the technology can
travel with the user, but it is not necessarily in
real-time
– Wireless technology - gives users a live
(Internet) connection via satellite or radio
transmitters
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BUSINESS DRIVERS FOR
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES
• Drivers of wireless technology growth
include:
– Universal access to information and
applications
– The automation of business processes
– User convenience, timeliness, and ability to
conduct business 24x7
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BUSINESS DRIVERS FOR
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES
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BUSINESS DRIVERS FOR
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES
• Wireless devices changing business
include:
– Wireless local area network (wLAN)
– Cellular phones and pagers
– Cordless computer peripherals
– Satellite television
– WiMax wireless broadband
– Security sensor
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ADVANTAGES OF ENTERPRISE
MOBILITY
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Bluetooth
• Bluetooth – an
omnidirectional wireless
technology that provides
limited-range voice and
data transmission over the
unlicensed 2.4-GHz
frequency band, allowing
connections with a wide
variety of fixed and portable
devices that normally would
have to be cabled together
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Radio Frequency Identification
• Radio frequency identification (RFID) - use
active or passive tags in the form of chips or
smart labels that can store unique identifiers
and relay this information to electronic readers
• RFID tag - contains a microchip and an
antenna, and typically work by transmitting a
serial number via radio waves to an electronic
reader, which confirms the identity of a person
or object bearing the tag
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RFID
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RFID
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Satellite
• Microware transmitter – commonly used to
transmit network signals over great distances
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Global Positioning System
• Global positioning system (GPS) – a device
that determines current latitude, longitude,
speed, and direction of movement
– Market for GPS services is at $5 billion with
expectations for the demand to double over the next
five years
• Geographic information system (GIS) –
designed to work with information that can be
shown on a map
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THE FUTURE OF WIRELESS
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OPENING CASE QUESTIONS
The Digital Hospital
5. Why is real-time information important to
hospitals?
6. How is Hackensack University Medical Center
using wireless technology to improve its
operations?
7. Identify three wireless technologies that are
changing the way businesses operate and
explain how hospitals can use these
technologies to improve their operations
7-50
CLOSING CASE ONE
Tracking Students
1. Explain the fundamentals of RFID and
how it is being used to track students
2. Describe the ethical dilemmas involved
with tracking students with RFID
3. Identify two types of wireless business
opportunities schools could take
advantage of to help improve operations
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CLOSING CASE ONE
Tracking Students
4. How could RFID help schools deal with
potential security issues?
5. Develop a Bluetooth, GPS, or satellite
product that schools could use to
improve operations
6. Determine a way that schools could use
RFID tags without violating privacy rights
7-52
CLOSING CASE TWO
UPS versus FedEx
1. Explain the fundamentals of wireless
fidelity
2. Describe the differences between UPS
and FedEx’s use of wi-fi
3. Identify two types of wireless business
opportunities the companies could use
to gain a competitive advantage
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CLOSING CASE TWO
UPS versus FedEx
4. How could RFID could help the
companies deal with potential security
issues?
5. Develop a Bluetooth, GPS, or satellite
product that the parcel delivery business
could use to improve efficiencies
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CLOSING CASE THREE
Prada
1. Would you consider Prada’s use of technology
cutting-edge? Why or why not?
2. Prada’s attempt to use RFID to check
inventory in real time failed because of the
staff’s refusal to use the system. What could
Prada have done to make the implementation
of RFID successful?
3. Identify an additional strategic use of RFID for
Prada’s high-tech store
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CLOSING CASE THREE
Prada
4. What should Prada do differently when
designing its next store to ensure its
success?
5. Identify a new use of wireless
technology for Prada’s next store