We i z h i Wa n g a , Ying Zhenga*, Kenneth Leeb,
Zhengkai Lib, Joseph V Mullinc
June 7th, 2010
a
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick
Centre for Offshore Oil, Gas and Energy Research,Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Fisheries and Oceans canada
c Minerals Management Service, US Department of Interior
b
Table of content
•
•
•
•
Importance of the work
Setup and validation method
Result and discussion
Conclusion
2
Importance of the work
3
Oil spills around the world
Spill / Vessel
2010 ExxonMobil oil spill
2010 Port Arthur oil spill
Montara oil spill
Location
Nigeria, Niger Delta
United States, Port Arthur,
Texas
Australia, Timor Sea
Norway, Rognsfjorden near
Såstein south of Langesund
Australia, Queensland
Ireland, Southern coast
United States, New Orleans,
Louisiana
Norway, Norwegian Sea
South Korea, Yellow Sea
Ukraine
Russia, Strait of Kerch
Oil spilled in total:
Full City oil spill
7,000,000
Tonnes
2009 Queensland oil spill
West Cork oil spill
(Estimated)
2008 New Orleans oil spill
2007 Statfjord oil spill
2007 Korea oil spill
Kerch Strait oil spill
Max Tonnage
13,643
1,500
30,000
200
30+
300
8,800
4,000
10,800
1,000
4
The confocal image of an Oil-MineralAggregates (OMA)
Green: oil droplet
Red: minerals
5
Investigation of interaction between oil
and minerals using Particle Image
Velocimetry (PIV)
Experiment setup and data validation
6
Typical working procedure for PIV
7
Experimental setup
Positive (+) vector
Negative (-) vector
Laser producer
Amount of positivevectors
Percentage positive vector 
Total vectors
8
The physical properties of minerals
Minerals’ physical properties
Minerals
Original Kaolinite
Modified Kaolinite-C4
Modified Kaolinite-C18
Average particle
size(μm)
5.0
5.4
5.1
Surface area(m2/g)
Contact angle(º)
9.98
9.81
10.5
11.0
37.2
68.8
Order of hydrophobicity of minerals:
C18 > C4 > Original Kaolinite
9
The physical properties of oils
Contents
% Composition
MESA
Alkanes
Aromatics
Resins
Asphaltene
34.2
36.5
20.8
8.5
100.0
Alkanes
Aromatics
Resins
Asphaltene
71.17
16.16
7.88
4.72
99.93
Total
Alaska north slope oil
Total
Order of polarity of oils:
MESA > Alaska slope oil
Data Validation
1. Removes the vector whose noise to point ratio > 2
2. Removes the points that are obviously wrong.
(velocities >1m/s)
3. Eliminates the global fluid motion.
4. Average vector field is generated by Tecplot9.0 with
50 vector fields.
11
Eliminates the global fluid motion
Matrix of a vector field (Raw data)
U11
U 21
U12
U 22
U n 1,1
U n 1,2
U n,1
U n,2
U m1,1
U m,1
U m1,2
U m,2
U m1,n 1
U m,n 1
U m1,n
U m,n
M m,n 
12
Eliminates the global fluid motion
Global fluid motion speed is estimated by the
average of vectors whose positions are far
apart from oil layer. (based on rows)
Mbg m ,n
 U1,n  x 1

 U 2,n  x 1
 avg 

 U m 1,n  x 1
 U
 m,n  x 1
U1,n  x
U n 1,1
U n ,1
U 2,n  x
U n 1,2
U n ,2
U m 1,n  x
U m,n  x
U m 1,n 1
U m ,n 1
U m 1,n
U m,n








U bg ,1
U bg ,2
U bg ,m 1
U bg ,m
Non-background vector field
M   M  Mbg
13
Results and Discussion
14
Vector field
An oil layer coated
on a glass slide
0.832
4.16
7.488
10.816
Alaska Slope Oil, Original Kaolinite
15
Effect of polarity of oils
100%
Percentage of positive values
90%
Alaska Slope Oil
MESA
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
Alaska Slope Oil
MESA
Original Kaolinite, NaCl:30ppt, mineral:30mg/L
0%
16
Effect of hydrophobicity of minerals
100%
Percentage of positive values
90%
Original Kaolinite
M-C18
M-C4
Original
Kaolinite
M-C18
80%
70%
M-C4
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Alaska slope oil, NaCl:30ppt, mineral:30mg/L
17
Effect of existence of Ca2+
Ca2+: 0; NaCl:50ppt
Ca2+: 1mM; NaCl:50ppt
Bitumen, silica fines
18
Percentage of positive vectors
Effect of Ca2+ on different oils
70%
Ca2+:0
60%
Ca2+:1mM
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Alaska Slope Oil
Alaska Slope Oil
MESA
MESA
Original Kaolinite, NaCl: 30ppt, Ca2+: 1mM
19
Conclusion
• The PIV technique are effectively applied on
the investigation of oil and clay particles.
• High polarity of oil may lead to low
interaction.
• High hydrophobicity of mineral leads to high
interaction, but ultra high hydrophobicity may
decrease the interaction.
• The oil-mineral-interactions are influenced by
the existence of Ca2+.
20
Acknowledgements
• This work is financially supported by Fisheries
and Oceans (DFO) Canada and Natural
Sciences and Engineering Research Council of
Canada (NSERC).
21
Thank you!
22