Revision of WMO No.
258 and its implications,
with emphasis on
Aeronautical Meteorology
Jeff Wilson
Director,
WMO Education and Training Office
Revision of WMO No. 258 and
its implications, with emphasis
on Aeronautical Meteorology
Linked
but
separate issues
Key Issues for Congress
1. Should the background knowledge,
skills and behaviours of aviation
meteorological forecasters be linked
to:
Classifications – ie Meteorologist
Qualifications – successful completion of
BIP-M
Other / none
2. Should the Meteorologist definition
explicitly specify degree / degree-level
or not
Replacement to 4th ed of WMO 258
EC-LXII. Paras 4.2.49 to 4.2.51
Classifications &
Qualifications
Trainer
competencies
Domain specific
Competencies – aviation
Marine ….
Congress –XVI will discuss
two documents
Revision of ETR Chapter in the
Technical Regulations incorporating
Revision of Meteorologist and Met. Tech
definitions
Revision of the Basic Instruction Packages
“Guidelines to the implementation of the
WMO ETR Standards”
Key drivers for change
Introduction of QMS
Ambiguity of Standards referring to
guidelines
ICAO recognition that Aeronautical
Meteorological Forecasters are
specialist forecasters
Update cycle of mandatory publications
Recognition of need for education and
training
Underpinning foundations
1) The preferred route for someone to
become a Meteorologist is via a
degree
2) Role of Aeronautical Meteorological
Forecasters (AMF) has changed and
will continue to change
3) AMFs are not second-class
forecasters
Underpinning foundations
4) Diversity of the WMO community
requires a flexible global approach,
allowing individual Members to set
higher national/regional requirements
5) Focus is on the quality of the
meteorological training, not the initial
degree
6) Flexible education and training allows
us to set “degree-level” requirements
Benefits for NMHSs
Flexibility in recruitment practices
according to national needs and
circumstances
Clarification on minimum education and
training requirements for staff
More guidance to training institutes
through focusing on outcomes
Impacts on NMHSs
NMHS provides
meteorological
services to
international civil
aviation
No
Yes
Little, as only
international
regulation is in civil
aviation
By end of November
2016 all aeronautical
meteorological
forecasters must be
Meteorologists (1)
(1) For Members using assistant forecasters this can be interpreted as
requiring that the person who approves the forecast must be a Meteorologist.
Time-lines
QMS
approved
2000
2002
2004
258 4th ed.
introduced
Implementation
date of 1 Jan
2005
2006
2008
QMS
compulsory
2010
2012
EC-LXII
Approve
competencies
Cg-XVI decision
on Meteorologist
definition
2014
2016
Meterologist
qualification
compulsory for
AMFs
Competencies
Compulsory for
AMF and AMO
Classifications and
qualifications in a
nut-shell
Comparison
4th ed 258
Proposed draft
Classifications
Meteorologist / Meteorological Technician
Meteorologist / Meteorological Technician
Definitions
Meteorologist – a person who holds a
university-level degree or equivalent; has
acquired an appropriate level of knowledge
of mathematics, physics, chemistry and
computer science, and has completed the
Basic Instruction Package for Meteorologists
(BIP-M)
Meteorologist – a person who has successfully completed
the Basic Instruction Package for Meteorologists (BIP-M)
requirements.
Meteorological Technician – a person who
has completed the Basic Instruction Package
for Meteorological Technicians (BIP-MT)
Meteorological Technician – a person who has
successfully completed the Basic Instruction Package
for Meteorological Technicians (BIP-MT) requirements.
BIP-M
Entry level
Finish level
Description
Undergraduate / post graduate
Degree or equivalent
Syllabus based
At discretion of PR, degree recommended
BIP-MT
Entry level
Finish level
Description
Post Secondary
Post Secondary
Syllabus based
Post Secondary
Post Secondary
Learning outcome based
“Or equivalent”
Not defined
Not used. Guidance provided for Permanent
Representatives and training institutes on what to look
for in courses that claim that they deliver BIP-M
outcomes at the degree level.
At degree level
Learning outcome based
Desired Congress outcome
Prior to May
2011
After May 2011
Classifications
Guidance only Standards
Basic Instruction
Packages
Guidance only Standards
Updated chapter in Technical
Regulations
Clarifies the definition of ‘Meteorologist’
Specifies the Basic Instruction Package for
Meteorologists (BIP-M) in terms of
learning outcomes
Recognises that the BIP-M requirements can
be met in several ways
Removes links between jobs and the
classification of personnel
Degree-level – what does it
mean?
Demonstrate systematic understanding of their field of study;
Accurately deploy established techniques of analysis and
enquiry used in their field of study, and apply the learnt methods and
techniques to review, consolidate, extend and apply their knowledge and
understanding;
Use conceptual understanding
that allows arguments to be devised and
sustained and apply the understanding to the solving of problems in their
field of study;
Critically evaluate arguments, assumptions, abstract concepts
and data whilst taking into account the uncertainty, ambiguity and limits
of knowledge of their field of study;
Communicate information, ideas, problems and solutions
their field of study to both specialist and non-specialist audiences.
acquire transferrable skills
about
:team-work, the management of their own
learning, exercise of initiative and personal responsibility, and the ability to
make decisions in complex and unpredictable contexts.
Basic Instruction Package for
Meteorologist – core requirements
Physical meteorology, including air quality and
observing technology
Dynamic meteorology, including Numerical Weather
Prediction (NWP)
Synoptic meteorology, including mesoscale
meteorology and weather prediction
Climatology, including both the traditional statistical
description and the modern dynamical study and
interpretation of the climate, as well as climate
prediction
BIP-M, learning outcome
example
Weather analysis and forecasting
To understand the way in which weather is analysed and
forecast, with emphasis on the formation and use of an NWP
system
.
Learning outcomes – able to:
Synoptic analysis. Analyse and interpret synoptic charts (e.g. surface pressure, upper-air and
thickness charts), soundings plotted on a thermodynamic diagram, and the main features
in satellite and radar images, and describe the limitations of the observations used in
the analyses.
Local weather. Understand how orography and large bodies of water affect local weather
(e.g. cloud and precipitation).
Types of forecasting methods. Explain the advantages of disadvantages of preparing
forecasts based on persistence, extrapolation, analogues, and numerical weather
prediction (NWP), and describe the role of the forecaster.
……..
…..
Frequently asked questions
Is the proposed definition of Meteorologist less
demanding than the current version?
No. The proposed definition still requires completion
of the Basic Instruction Package for
Meteorologists (BIP-M), though this is now
specified in terms of learning outcomes. The
learning outcomes are at least as rigorous and
demanding as those for many existing meteorology
degree programmes of Members. In future, when
individuals complete a meteorology degree, there
will need to be evidence that the scope of the
degree meets all of the BIP-M requirements if they
are to be recognized as a Meteorologist.
Frequently asked questions
What role do Permanent Representatives have in
defining the academic qualifications required by
Meteorologists?
Permanent Representatives are expected to take
the lead in consulting with the appropriate
national and regional bodies to define the
academic qualifications required by
Meteorologists in their country.
Frequently asked questions
If a programme of study covering the BIP-M
requirements is not conducted at a university,
how will the programme be endorsed?
A programme of study will be endorsed by the
educational institution or NMHS. Such a practice
already commonly occurs for the education and
training of Meteorological Technicians.
Guidance is provided for Members on what to look
for in such a programme and how they can
undertake duty of care to see the description is
correct.
Where can I find the
documents?
At
http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/dra/e
trp/tech49/tech49.php
FAQs
Draft changes to Tech. Regs
Draft Guidelines
In all WMO languages
Summary of proposed changes
Build upon the contents of the 4th
edition of WMO publication 258
Maintain quality
Provide more consistency in application
Allow PRs flexibility in selection of staff
and entry requirements
Remove ambiguities of Standards
referring to Guidelines
Aeronuatical Meteorology
classifications
qualifications
and competencies
Aeronautical Meteorological
Personnel
• Aeronautical Meteorological Forecasters
• Shall meet competency requirements by
November 2013 (specified by CAeM)
• Shall meet BIP-M related requirements by
November 2016 (CAeM-XIV 2010 endorsed
by EC-LXII 2010)
• Aeronautical Meteorological Observers
• Shall meet competency requirements by
November 2013 (specified by CAeM)
Impact on AMF if WMO Technical
Regulations ARE changed
Prior to May
2011
After May
2011
After 1 Dec
2013
After 1 Dec 2016
Legal framework
impacting matters
such as cost recovery
Unclear
Much clearer
Classification of
AMFs
Conflicting information
in 4th edition of WMO
258. Commonly
interpreted as AMF
should be a
Meteorologist to
undertake independent
forecasting
Degree requirement is
national decision but
all AMFs should be
classified as
Meteorologists
(CAeM-XIV 2010)
Degree requirement
is national decision
but all AMFs should
be classified as
Meteorologists
(CAeM-XIV 2010)
Degree requirement is
national decision but
all AMFs shall be
classified as
Meteorologists
(CAeM-XIV 2010)
Competence
Standards (CAeMXIV 2010)
All international Air
Navigation
Meteorological Service
Providers should be
able to demonstrate
that their AMFs meet
the competence
Standards
All international Air
Navigation
Meteorological
Service Providers
should be able to
demonstrate that their
AMFs meet the
competence
Standards
All international Air
Navigation
Meteorological
Service Providers
shall be able to
demonstrate that their
AMFs meet the
competence
Standards
All international Air
Navigation
Meteorological
Service Providers
shall be able to
demonstrate that their
AMFs meet the
competence
Standards
Impact on AMF if WMO Technical
Regulations are NOT changed
Prior to May
2011
After May 2011 After 1 Dec
2013
After 1 Dec
2016
Legal Framework
impacting matters
such as cost recovery
Unclear
Classification of
AMFs
Conflicting information
in 4th edition of WMO
258. Commonly
interpreted as
Meteorologists to
undertake
independent
forecasting and that
Meteorologists
require a degree ‘or
equivalent’
All AMFs shall
be
Meteorologists
All AMFs shall
be
Meteorologists
All AMFs shall
be
Meteorologists
AMF Competence
Standards (CAeMXIV 2010)
All international Air
Navigation
Meteorological
Service Providers
should be able to
demonstrate that
their AMFs meet the
competence
standards
All international Air
Navigation
Meteorological
Service Providers
should be able to
demonstrate that
their AMFs meet the
competence
standards
All international Air
Navigation
Meteorological Service
Providers shall be
able to demonstrate
that their AMFs meet
the competence
standards
All international Air
Navigation
Meteorological Service
Providers shall be
able to demonstrate
that their AMFs meet
the competence
standards
Competency Hierachy
• Top-level Competencies
• WMO 49 Vol 1 Standards
• Second-level
Competencies
Describe and elaborate on the standards
• National Competencies
Use examples of the second level to
adapt the top-level competencies to suit
the national situation
Blank slide
Top-level competencies for
Aeronautical Meteorological Personnel
• Apply to Aeronautical Meteorological Forecasters (AMFs)
and Aeronautical Meteorological Observers (AMOs)
• Developed by the Commission for Aeronautical
Meteorology (CAeM)
• Endorsed by CAeM-XIV (2010)
• Approved by the Executive Council in June 2010
• To be included as Annex to WMO-No. 49, Volume 1
Technical Regulations
Top-level competencies
Conditions
a)
For the area and airspace of responsibility
b)
In consideration of the impact of meteorological
phenomena on aviation operations
c)
In compliance with aviation user requirements,
international regulations, local procedures and
priorities
Aeronautical Meteorological
Forecaster
•
An Aeronautical Meteorological
Forecaster should1 be a
Meteorologist and shall:
1shall
from December 2016
Aeronautical Meteorological
Forecaster Top Level Competencies
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Analyse and monitor continuously the weather
situation
Forecast aeronautical meteorological phenomena and
parameters
Warn of hazardous weather
Ensure the quality of meteorological information and
services
Communicate meteorological information to internal
and external users
Second-level competence
descriptions
• Developed by the CAeM Expert Team on
Education and Training –
http://www.caem.wmo.int/moodle
•To assist with mapping of local/national
practices to the top level competence Standards
• Competence description and performance
criteria
• Regional variations (e.g. range of weather
phenomena, regional regulations and
communications technology)
• Background knowledge and skills
AMP Competence Standards Assessment Challenges
• Mapping of national practices to
aeronautical MET personnel
competence Standards
• Consistent quality (and quantity) of
assessment processes/methods
- Assessors
- Evidence
- Auditors
Competence Assessment Toolkit (CAT)
for Aeronautical Meteorological
Personnel
•Being prepared by the CAeM Task Team on the
Competency Assessment Toolkit
http://forum.14.caem.wmo.int/post14web/
•The toolkit contains guidance
on:
– Experiential questions
– Test questions
– Direct observation
– Classroom or paper
simulation
– Case study
Who does the assessing?
• The assessment is performed primarily through selfregulation
• It is expected that service providers will be able to provide
evidence that:
– Individuals satisfy the competency requirements
– Assessment is consistent and transparent
– Local/national competencies match
to the second level competencies
and then upward to the top level
standards.
What next for the CAT?
• Tested at the UK Aviation Seminar (Nairobi) in
September 2010
• Modified following the WMO Education and
Training Symposium (Indonesia) in October
• Further workshops and pilot projects during 2011
and 2012
• Available to all WMO Members in 2011
• Used to ensure mandatory compliance WMO-No.
49 competence Standards by November 2013
Replacement of WMO No. 258
EC Panel of Experts
• Classification and qualifications
of meteorological personnel
• Guidance on the training
process
Technical Commissions
• Competencies and associated
education and training
requirements for particular
tasks
Over to you!!!
Guess at feedback from RA III /
IV TECO – majority view?
Meteorologists MUST have a degree
and have completed the BIP-M at
the minimum of undergraduate level
Aeronautical Meteorological
Forecasters do NOT need to be
classified as Meteorologists
By 1 December 2016 all aeronautical
meteorological forecasters MUST
have completed the BIP-M