Shakespeare
• Sonnet 73
• Romeo and Juliet
Outline
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William Shakespeare
Sonnet
English sonnet  sonnet 73
Italian sonnet  Ozymandias
How to read sonnet
Analyze sonnet 73
Comparison  To His Coy Mistress
Deeper into details
About William Shakespeare
Life
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Early life
London and
theatrical career
Later years
Works
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Plays
Shakespeare's plays tend to be placed
into three main stylistic groups:
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Early romantic comedies and histories
Middle period romantic comedies and
tragedies
Later romances
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Sonnets
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Bibliography
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Shakespeare‘s plays are traditionally
organized into three groups: Tragedies、
Comedies、and Histories. The following
list separates the plays according to their
classification in the First Folio，the first
published edition of Shakespeare’s plays.
Today，some of the comedies are usually
considered as a separate subgenre，the
romances or tragicomedies.
The Complete Works of
William Shakespeare
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Comedy
All's Well That Ends Well
As You Like It
The Comedy of Errors
Cymbeline
Love's Labours Lost
Measure for Measure
The Merry Wives of Windsor
The Merchant of Venice
A Midsummer Night's Dream
Much Ado About Nothing
Pericles, Prince of Tyre
Taming of the Shrew
The Tempest
Troilus and Cressida
Twelfth Night
Two Gentlemen of Verona
Winter's Tale
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History
Henry IV, part 1
Henry IV, part 2
Henry V
Henry VI, part 1
Henry VI, part 2
Henry VI, part 3
Henry VIII
King John
Richard II
Richard III
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Tragedy
Antony and Cleopatra
Coriolanus
Hamlet
Julius Caesar
King Lear
Macbeth
Othello
Romeo and Juliet
Timon of Athens
Titus Andronicus
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Poetry
The Sonnets
A Lover's Complaint
The Rape of Lucrece
Venus and Adonis
Funeral Elegy by W.S.
Starting Questions
Did you read these two sonnets?
Which one do you prefer? Why?
SONNET
• I. Sonnet
• A. Italian (Petrarchan)
• B. English (Shakespearean)
• II. Form
• A. Fourteen-line poem
• B. Iambic pentameter (10syllables/line)
• C. Patterned rhyme scheme
Italian Sonnet
• I. Two Sections:
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A. Octave (8) → a-b-b-a-a-b-b-a
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B. Sestet (6) → c-d-e-c-d-e,orc-d-c-c-d-c
• II. Different Functions:
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A. Octave: Subject, proposition, problem
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B. Sestet: Turn, resolution
• III. The Ninth Line:
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A. Clear break
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B. “Turn” → Volta
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C. Proposition→ resolution (A change: tone, mood)
Ozymandias
• I met a traveller from an antique land------------------(a)
Who said:—Two vast and trunkless legs of stone—(b)
Stand in the desert. Near them on the sand,---------(a)
Half sunk, a shatter'd visage lies, whose frown------(b)
And wrinkled lip and sneer of cold command---------(a)
Tell that its sculptor well those passions read--------(c)
Which yet survive, stamp'd on these lifeless things, (d)
The hand that mock'd them and the heart that fed.—(c)
• And on the pedestal these words appear:--------------(e)
"My name is Ozymandias, king of kings:---------------(d)
Look on my works, ye mighty, and despair!“----------(e)
Nothing beside remains: round the decay-------------(f)
Of that colossal wreck, boundless and bare,----------(e)
The lone and level sands stretch far away.------------(f)
English Sonnet
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Two Sections:
A. Three Quatrains (4-4-4)
B. Couplet (2)
Rhyme scheme: a-b-a-b/ c-d-c-d/ e-f-e-f/ g-g
Functions:
A. Quatrains→ Ideas
B. Resolution
Why Shakespearean sonnet?
Sonnet 73
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That time of year thou mayst in me behold------------(a)
When yellow leaves, or none, or few, do hang-------(b)
Upon those boughs which shake against the cold,---(a)
Bare ruin'd choirs, where late the sweet birds sang.---(b)
In me thou seest the twilight of such day----------(c)
As after sunset fadeth in the west,------------------(d)
Which by and by black night doth take away,----(c)
Death's second self, that seals up all in rest.------(d)
In me thou see'st the glowing of such fire---------(e)
That on the ashes of his youth doth lie,-----------(f)
As the death-bed whereon it must expire--------(e)
Consumed with that which it was nourish'd by.—(f)
This thou perceivest, which makes thy love more strong,---(g)
To love that well which thou must leave ere long.------(g)
How to Read Sonnet
• Meaning---Words & Patterns
• Pay attention to:
• 1. Line-end punctuation (Line 4,8,12)
• 2. Connective words--and, or, but, as, so,
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if, then, when, which (Line 5,9,13)
• 3. The ninth line & Couplet
Paraphrase & Sentence Structure
That time of year thou mayst in me behold
O.(3)
S.(1)
(Adv.) V.(2)
You may see in me the autumn of my life,
1
2
(Adv.)
3
When yellow leaves, or none, or few, do hang
When a few yellow leaves or none at all hang
Upon those boughs which shake against the cold,
On the branches, shaking against the cold
Bare ruin'd choirs, where late the sweet birds sang.
Bare ruins of church choirs where lately the sweet
birds sang
In me thou seest the twilight of such day
You see in me only dim light that remains
As after sunset fadeth in the west,
Like when the sunset has faded to darkness
in the west
Which by and by black night doth take way,
Which is soon extinguished by black night
Death's second self, that seals up all in rest.
The image of death that envelop everything
in deathly sleep
In me thou see'st the glowing of such fire
You see in me the glowing embers
That on the ashes of his youth doth lie,
That lie upon the ashes remaining from the
flame of my youth
As the death-bed whereon it must expire
The ashes are now like the death-bed where
it (youth) must finally die
Consumed with that which it was nourish'd
by.
Consumed by that which once fed it.
This thou perceivest, which makes
thy love more strong,
This you see, and it makes your love more
determined
To love that well which thou must
leave ere long.
To love that well which you must give up
before long
What is it about?
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Main argument: ravages of time & mature love
1. Speaker’s anxieties of advanced age and his
inevitable fate: old age, fading youth, death, and eternal
separation from his lover
2. Ravages of time on body & mental anguish with
moving further from youth to death
3. Love could leave when time and everything are gone
→Couplet: exhortation: one’s love should grow
stronger as one’s time left to love is running out
Background Information
• Written to a young friend: Mr. W.H. (whose
identity remains a mystery)
• Sonnet 71-74 as a group: on mortality
Comparison with
“To His Coy Mistress”
• Similarities
1. Carpe diem (seize the day)
2. Figurative language
3. Inverted sentence structure
Differences
Sonnet73
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1st person
Argument: ravages of
time
Tone: pensive & wistful
Use of metaphor
---nature symbols
---3 levels of declining life
: season→day→every
minute
To His Coy Mistress
• 1st person in presenting
another man
• Argument: persuade her to
have sex with him
• Tone: straightforward,
passionate, immature
• Use of metaphor:
exaggerative, playful,
explicit
• Examples
1. “Two hundred to adore each breast/ thirty
thousand to the rest” (line15,16)
2. Mockery of idealized romantic poetry
through crude or shocking imagery:
“then worms shall try / That long preserved
virginity” (line27,28)
• Logic: If→But→So
Works Cited
• http://www.sparknotes.com/shakespeare/shak
esonnets/section5.rhtml
• http://www.gradesaver.com/classicnotes/titles/
shakespeare/section10.html
• http://shakespeare.about.com/od/studentresou
rces/a/sonnet73guide_3.htm
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_
sonnets#Mr._W.H.
• http://www.cummingsstudyguides.net/Guides4/
Marvell.html#Top
Sonnet 73
1st stanza
• That time of year thou mayst in me behold
• When yellow leaves, or none, or few, do hang
• Upon those boughs which shake against the
cold,
• Bare ruin'd choirs, where late the sweet birds
sang.
The speaker’s age
• That time of year thou mayst in me behold
• When yellow leaves, or none, or few, do hang
• Upon those boughs which shake against the
cold,
• Bare ruin'd choirs, where late the sweet birds
sang.
• The speaker tells that his age is like the late autumn,
which is soon changed into the winter.
2nd STANZA
3th
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In me thou seest the twilight of such day
As after sunset fadeth in the west,
Which by and by black night doth take away,
Death's second self, that seals up all in rest.
2nd stanza
3th
The speakers’ live
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In me thou seest the twilight of such day
As after sunset fadeth in the west,
Which by and by black night doth take away,
Death's second self, that seals up all in rest.
The speaker uses “twilight” to compare his life which is no
longer bright but becoming weak.
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3rd stanza
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In me thou see'st the glowing of such fire
That on the ashes of his youth doth lie,
As the death-bed whereon it must expire
Consumed with that which it was nourish'd by.
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3rd stanza
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In me thou see'st the glowing of such fire
That on the ashes of his youth doth lie,
As the death-bed whereon it must expire
Consumed with that which it was nourish'd by.
The speaker’s life is like the ashes, once were wood but now is
burning out; and the ashes would put out the fire of life.
Last stanza
• This thou perceivest, which makes thy love more
strong,
• To love that well which thou must leave ere long.
Last stanza
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• This thou perceivest, which makes thy love more
strong,
• To love that well which thou must leave ere long.
?
• This—the speaker won’t live forever
• That—the listener’s youth, or the speaker?
Works Cited
• http://www.freeessays.cc/db/42/saq141.shtml
• http://shakespeare.about.com/od/studentresources/a/son
net73guide.htm
• http://www.shakespeareonline.com/sonnets/73detail.html
• http://www.4freeessays.com/essays/1999.shtml
Conclusion on sonnet 73
• Beautiful sonnet
• Pursuing immortal love
• 死了都要愛
Reflective Question
1.What would left behind after death?
(as immortal?)
2. Do you agree with our
interpretation that love is
immortal? Why?
Romeo and Juliet—
Impulsive Love
Leads
to a Tragic Fate
By Carol and Zora
Outline
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Plot overview
Rhyme
Pursue & Response
Debate
Courting sonnet
J’s characters
Romantic love
Plot Overview (Act I)-- Characters
 Place: Verona
 Romeo - The son and heir of Montague
and Lady Montague.
 Juliet - The daughter of Capulet and Lady
Capulet.
 Paris - A kinsman of the Prince (ruler of
Verona), and the suitor of Juliet most
preferred by Capulet.
 Benvolio - Montague’s nephew, Romeo’s
cousin and thoughtful friend.
 Rosaline - The woman with whom Romeo
is infatuated at the beginning of the play.
Plot Overview ( Act I)
 The Capulet and the Montague are feuding families.
 Romeo confides his love toward Rosaline after
some prodding by Benvolio.
 Paris seeks Juliet’s hand in marriage.
 Paris went to a feast held by Capulet; Romeo and
Benvolio went to the feast as well.
 Romeo sees Juliet from a distance and instantly
falls in love with her.
 Romeo speaks to Juliet and kisses her. They kiss
each other without knowing each others’ names.
 Both Romeo and Juliet feel anguished after knowing
each other’s identities.
RHYME
R [To J]:
If I profane with my unworthiest hand (1)
This holy shrine, the gentle fine is this: (2)
My lips, two blushing pilgrims, ready stand (3)
To smooth that rough touch with a tender kiss. (4)
J:
Good pilgrim, you do wrong your hand too much (5)
Which mannerly devotion shows in this (6)
For saints have hands that pilgrims’ hands do touch, (7)
And palm to palm is holy palmers’ kiss. (8)
R: Have not saints lips, and holy palmers too? (9)
J: Ay, pilgrim, lips that they must use in prayer. (10)
R: O, then, dear saint, let lips do what hands do; (11)
They pray, grant thou, lest faith turn to despair. (12)
J: Saints do not move, though grant for prayers’ sake. (13)
R: Then move not, while my prayer’s effect I take. (14)
ABAB
CBCB
DEDE
FF
 hand, this; stand, kiss
 much, this; touch, kiss
 too, prayer; do, despair
 sake, take
R [To J]:
If I profane with my unworthiest hand (1)
This holy shrine, the gentle fine is this: (2)
My lips, two blushing pilgrims, ready stand (3)
To smooth that rough touch with a tender kiss. (4)
J:
Good pilgrim, you do wrong your hand too much (5)
Which mannerly devotion shows in this (6)
For saints have hands that pilgrims’ hands do touch, (7)
And palm to palm is holy palmers’ kiss. (8)
R: Have not saints lips, and holy palmers too? (9)
J: Ay, pilgrim, lips that they must use in prayer. (10)
R: O, then, dear saint, let lips do what hands do; (11)
They pray, grant thou, lest faith turn to despair. (12)
J: Saints do not move, though grant for prayers’ sake. (13)
R: Then move not, while my prayer’s effect I take. (14)
PERSUE ( R to J )
If I profane with my unworthiest hand (1)
This holy shrine, the gentle fine is this: (2)
My lips, two blushing pilgrims, ready stand (3)
To smooth that rough touch with a tender kiss. (4)
If I profane this holy shrine with my unworthiest hand,
I will get punish. ( fine: like to pay some fine )
I want to kiss your hands to smooth the rough touch of my hands.
shrine  J’s hands
pilgrim  R’s lips
profanation  touching the hand , kiss  to purge the sin
Kinds of sophistry
JULIET’S RESPONSE
Good pilgrim, you do wrong your hand too much (5)
Which mannerly devotion shows in this (6)
For saints have hands that pilgrims’ hands do touch, (7)
And palm to palm is holy palmers’ kiss. (8)
It is not your hands should be blamed, it shows great devotion when
touching me.
It is okay to touch hands, why kiss?
pilgrim  R
saint  J ( in sonnet used to pursue, woman often=saint or goddess )
J changes the metaphor from part to the person
palmer = pilgrim
J plays on words
DEBATING
R: Have not saints lips, and holy palmers too? (9)
J: Ay, pilgrim, lips that they must use in prayer. (10)
R: O, then, dear saint, let lips do what hands do; (11)
They pray, grant thou, lest faith turn to despair. (12)
J: Saints do not move, though grant for prayers’ sake. (13)
R: Then move not, while my prayer’s effect I take. (14)
R: Both saint and pilgrim have lips, why they can’t kiss?
J: Lips is something use for prayers.
R: Let my lips do what hands do ( palm to palm = kiss )
J: ( do not agree, but do not refuse as well )
CONCEIT
Definition:
conceit is a kind of metaphor that does not happen in just one sentence.
It gets developed and its meaning extended in different lines.
Stanza 1:
shrine  J’s hands
pilgrim  R’s lips
touching  profanation
Stanza 2:
pilgrim  R
saint  J
touching  a kiss of the palmer
COURTING SONNET
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Courting with a sonnet
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The first conversation
between Romeo and
Juliet
R: Thus from my lips, by yours, my sin is purged.
J: Then have my lips the sin that they have took.
R: Sin from thy lips? O trespass sweetly urged!
Give me my sin again.
J: You kiss by the book.
R: kissing you, my sin is purged
J: Because of your kiss, sin is now on my lips
R: Let me take my sin back!
kiss by the book 
1. You make a sonnet to kiss me
2. Your kissing skill is not good enough
Actually they both want to kiss each other
Juliet’s Characters in Scene V
Active
Witty
Promiscuous
Romantic Love in R&J( Kate’s Notes)
1. Sex: to show that love is never
only spiritual.
2. The youth's impulsiveness
3. Fortune: the two lovers are starcrossed because of the feud
between the two families.
4. Religion: like Platonic love, it is
elevated as a religious love of the
saint.
The Shared Sonnet Between R&J
Creates a formal link between
their love and destiny.
A means of expressing impulsive
love and linking it to a tragic fate.
Conclusion
• Stereotype
• Author’s age:
-sonnet 73: 1609 (45, 7 years before death)
-R & J: mid-1590s (20~30)
• 愛你愛到死
Reflective
Question
• Do you think R’s affection on J is true, or J
is only a substitute for Rosaline? Why?
• Please compare J & the lady in Flea.
Thank
You