What’s New and Exciting for
2004/2005…
An Update on Products and Product
Developments for Greenhouse and Nursery
Ornamentals
Michael Brownbridge
Entomology Research Laboratory
University of Vermont
Broader session content to embrace ‘IPM’ including:
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New pesticides, new packaging and label changes
Updates on use practices, compatibility, etc.
Scouting/monitoring and detection methods
Useful tips to improve ease of use
New developments in biological control
Bio-derived products
Pest monitoring
Use of “trap” or “sentinel” plants for early detection
of insect pests
Lemon gem marigold – for thrips, mites, and aphids
Disease testing
AgDia ImmunoStrips
New test strips for:
• Clavibacter michiganensis michiganensis
(bacterial canker in tomatoes)
• Combo strips: INSV,TSWV; or INSV,
TSWV, CMV, TMV
• Individual strips for INSV, TSWV, etc.
Possible cross-reaction of INSV test strips with TSWV:
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Does not limit tests’ ability to detect INSV but false
positives could occur
pH and water hardness:
• affect plant growth and quality and pesticide performance
Many new plant varieties grow best at ph ~5; general health and
growth adversely affected by alkaline water.
Pesticide efficacy adversely affected by alkaline spray water,
e.g., Floramite rapidly degraded in alkaline water, affects
residual performance.
• Check pH and hardness,
correct to achieve optimum
range, e.g. pHase5 from Griffin
Nematodes
Produced by:
Becker-Underwood
Sold through:
AgBio Inc.
Nematode news:
Produced by:
Becker-Underwood
Sold through:
AgBio Inc.
Nematode news:
NEMASHIELD™
Biological Control for Fungus Gnats
Based on Steinernema feltiae, newly formulated on a
water-dispersible carrier; available in two sizes
containing 50 and 500 million infective nematodes
Atheta coriaria
rove beetle
Predator of shore fly
and fungus gnat larvae,
pupating thrips.
Excellent control of shore flies obtained when
released at 100 beetles per week per 5000 sq. ft
of greenhouse; releases made in early morning or
late evening.
Banker plants
For production and delivery
of beneficial species in
greenhouse crops; history of
successful use in greenhouse
vegetable production.
Several plant/hosts under investigation for use in
ornamentals, e.g., Aphidius aphid parasitoids,
Encarsia whitefly parasitoid, Orius thrips predator.
Microbial controls
Metarhizium anisopliae – Taenure; Earth BioSciences.
For control of BVW in container ornamentals.
Beauveria bassiana – BotaniGard; used with Pyreth-It,
provides useful clean-up at end of spring bedding
plant season; OK on blooms, herbs, veggie transplants
(Whitmire).
PlantShield HC®
Biological control of root and foliar disease
For Greenhouse/Nursery/Vegetable Crops
For easier preparation of a suspension:
• put PlantShield into a plastic bag
• add sufficient water to make a slurry
• twist-tie bag closed, shake vigorously
• break clumps by pinching through bag
• pour mixture into spray tank or bucket, rinse bag
• add remaining amount of water needed
Also eliminates dust when mixing
Mycostop Mix
based on a strain of Streptomyces bacterium
Useful for control of Alternaria, Botrytis,
Fusarium, Rhizochtonia, Phytophthora.
• Newly formulated for drench and seed treatments
• OMRI listed
• now available in two package sizes
• reduction in price
Bio-derived Products
Minimum-risk pesticides, exempted from registration
requirements – even in NY!!!
• E-Rase – Jojoba oil; whitefly control
• GC-Mite – cotton seed and clove oils, garlic extract; mites, thrips
• Hexycide – rosemary and mineral oil; whiteflies?
• Orange-Guard – citrus seed extract; aphids, mites
• Organocide – sesame oil; aphids, mites, powdery mildew
Very little efficacy data available on any of
the products. May be phytotoxic – test on a
limited number of plants before treating a
whole greenhouse!
Azatin XL becomes Azatin XLT in 2005
• contains 4.5% azadirachtin
• OMRI listed
• REI increases from 4 to 12 hours
Insecticides
Spray Oils
Competition for Ultra-Fine Spray Oil (Whitmire)
• Synergy Super Fine spray oil emulsion (Griffin)
- mite, insect and disease control
- 4h REI
- micro-emulsion process = remains in suspension for 3 h
- enhanced spreading/sticking, leaf coverage, leaf-fastness
- protection against uv
- OMRI listed
• PureSpray Foliar 15 (Purespray Green?); Petro Canada
- used in Canada on tree crops, fruits, ornamentals
- pursuing registration in the US
- OMRI listed
Neonicotinoid Insecticides
Pioneer products: Marathon, Discus (Olympic Horticultural Products)
New products:
 Flagship (Syngenta) – Thiamethoxam
 TriStar (Cleary’s) – Acetamiprid
 Safari (Valent) – Dinotefuran
 Clutch/Arena (Arvesta) – Clothianidin
 More anticipated…
Various formulations for spray or drench application
Neonicotinoid Insecticides
Similarities:
• Expensive
• Long residual control
• Excellent plant safety, low mammalian toxicity
• Systemic or translaminar movement
• Active vs. piercing/sucking insects
• Variable activity against other pests
• Similar modes of action, risk of cross-resistance
Flagship 25 WG
Labeled in most NE States except NY
• Foliar sprays vs. aphids, whiteflies, scales, mealybugs; adelgids on
hemlock
• Drench vs. Japanese beetle, chafer grubs, June beetles
• Foliar sprays absorbed rapidly, rain-fast when dry
• Sprays, noticeable effects in 24-48 h; drench, 2-3 wks
• Excellent plant safety, including blooms
• 12 hour REI
Flagship 25 WG
o Rates for foliar sprays: 2-4 oz/100 gals; 4-8 oz/acre
o Drench: 4 oz/100 gals, use 1/3 normal irrigation vol.*
*probably will be revised to improve efficacy
o Resistance management:
- do not re-apply within 7-d
- rotate with chemicals in a different class
- limit no. applications/crop
TriStar 70WSP - Cleary’s
• Wettable powder formulation in water-soluble bags
• 20 WP under development
• Foliar spray: aphids, whiteflies, caterpillars, mealybugs, leafhoppers
• Label expansion for WFT, scale, leafminer, Japanese beetle
• Rapidly absorbed into foliage, resistant to photodegradation
• 2-3 week residual activity
• Excellent plant safety
• 24 hour REI (12 h applied for as a reduced-risk pesticide)
TriStar 70WSP
o Rates for foliar sprays: 1-6 bags/100 gals
- 1 bag/100 gals for aphids
- 2 bags/100 gals for mealybugs
- 2-4 bags/100 gals for whiteflies
o Resistance management:
- do not re-apply within 7-d
- rotate with chemicals in a different class
- no more than 5 applications/year
o Be careful when using with spray adjuvants:
- do not use with stickers
- spreaders, e.g., Capsil, OK
Neonicotinoid insecticides available in 2005:
• Safari – EPA reg. in 8/04
- aphids, whitefly, mealybugs
- not effective vs. grubs
- apply as spray or drench
- 12 hour REI
• Clutch (Arena in ornamentals?)
- currently undergoing registration in the US
- foliar and soil insects in potatoes, apples, pears
- greenhouse label sought
Insect Growth Regulators (IGRs)
• Talus (Sepro)
- whiteflies, mealybugs, scales, leafhoppers
- greenhouse and landscape ornamentals
- Christmas trees, greenhouse tomatoes
• Chitin synthesis inhibitor, suppresses oviposition
• Foliar spray, activity on contact, ingestion, vapor action
• No systemic movement
• Excellent plant safety*, compatible with beneficials
*includes poinsettia bracts
Talus
• Packaged in water-soluble bags
• Use rate depends on target pest
• Tank-mix compatible with most insecticides
• 12 hour REI
• Resistance Management:
- no more than 2 consecutive applications
- 14-28 day re-application interval
- similar mode of action to Adept, Citation, Pedestal
- do not rotate with these products
Pedestal
registered in all NE States except NY
• For use on containerized ornamentals
• thrips, whiteflies, leafminers
• Residual activity up to 30 days
• Fairly slow-acting, effects after 3-5 d
• Safe for many plants, including blooms
(except on poinsettia)
• Safe for many beneficials
• 12 hour REI
• Label expansion expected in 2006
Other new pesticides ‘in registration’
• Overture (Valent)
- Pyridalyl; mode of action unknown, primarily contact
- western flower thrips, various caterpillars
- greenhouse, nursery, interiorscapes
- proposed 12 hour REI; reduced-risk status
• Aria (FMC)
- new chemical class, pyridine-carboxamide (flonicamid)
- systemic/translaminar movement
- aphids, mealybugs, thrips, whitefly
- causes insects to remove stylets, do not resume feeding
- death due to starvation or dehydration in 2-3 days
Old products in new clothing
Tame/Orthene Total Release (Whitmire)
• total release formulation
• good control of whiteflies, thrips, fungus gnat,
shore fly adults
• mixed results vs. aphids
• unlike liquid tank mix, no phytotoxicity, even
on blooms or poinsettia bracts in color
• 24 hour REI
New information and label changes
Distance
• do not apply to poinsettias after coloring
• when using as a drench, apply lightly to soil
• safe for several beneficial insects and mites
Pylon
• label expansion to include foliar nematodes, caterpillars and
fungus gnat larvae
• greenhouse tomatoes added to crop list
• now available in 8 oz and pint bottles
DySyston (furidan)
• commercial use of 50% granular on outdoor ornamentals
eliminated in 2005; can only be used on Christmas trees
• 1-2% product still available for homeowner use
Miticides
TetraSan WDG (Valent)
not yet registered in NY
• Unique mode of action, excellent for spray rotation
• Translaminar activity
• Active vs. two-spotted spider mite and others
• Up to 5 weeks of residual activity
• Mite growth regulator; has transovarial activity, eggs are non-viable
• Effects seen after ~7 d, ultimately very effective
• Good plant safety (except poinsettia bracts), safe for beneficials
• Best used when mite populations still low
• Resistance management:
- sprays at least 14 d apart
- no more than 2 applications/crop
- at least one other mode of action between applications
Registration pending…
Shuttle (Arvesta)
• new active ingredient, useful in resistance management
• reduced risk status, 12 hour REI
• two-spot and spruce spider mites
• no effect on cyclamen mite?
• contact activity, no systemic movement
• compatible with beneficial insects and mites
• some injury to rose flowers and tender foliage
Judo (Olympic)
• registration expected by mid 2005
• new chemical class – tetronic acids
• controls wide range of mites, all stages inc. eggs, adults
• some activity vs. whiteflies, thrips?
• translaminar activity
Registration pending…
Ultiflora (Gowan Co.)
• for use on indoor and outdoor ornamentals
• assigned reduced risk status
• may be eligible for use on some edible crops
• active vs. all life stages
• very effective vs. two-spot
Label Changes
Floramite SC
• now registered for use on greenhouse tomatoes
• growers must have a copy of the new label prior to use
• rotation with two applications of an alternative class of miticide
no longer required; 2 applications (max.) can now be made backto-back
Akari
• label expansion expected soon
• will allow use on outdoor ornamentals
• broad mites and cyclamen mites added to the label
Plant Disease Management
Milstop
• granted 1 hour REI
• re-packaged into plastic buckets
• OMRI approved
• gives excellent control of powdery and downy mildew
Plant Disease Management
OHP 6672 Ornamental Fungicide
• controls a broad range of diseases
• available in two formulations
• 12 hour REI
Sextant Ornamental Fungicide
• labeled for several foliar diseases
• flowable formulation
• 12 hour REI
• dicarboximide family
• resistance management practices essential
Systemic Acquired Resistance
Messenger
• harpin protein isolated from fire blight bacterium
• protein signals to plant that pathogen is present
• activates plants defense
• reduces disease development and new infections
Actinoguard
• similar mode of action
• activates plant’s immune system
• used on field-grown tomatoes
New research to assess effects on greenhouse crops
Ornamental Herbicide
Mogeton
• control of liverwort and moss in containerized ornamentals
• efficacy and safety superior to current products
• registration late 2004/2005
• if approved, will pursue Section 18 emergency exemption in
individual states to allow grower testing/use
For making this talk possible, thanks to:
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Rick Yates, Griffin Greenhouse Products
Dan Gilrein, Cornell Cooperative Extension
Cheryl Smith, UNH Extension
Dick Lindquist, Olympic Horticultural Products
Stanton Gill, Maryland Cooperative Extension
Mary Anne Hartman, Whitmire
Jason Fausey, Valent
Kevin Donovan, Crompton Corp.