Conference Summary
Flavor Physics and CP Violation
Daegu, Republic of Korea, Oct 9, 2004
B. Grinstein
FPCP, Daegu
Oct 9, 2004
1
Thanks for dinner. Mr. chairman …
B. Grinstein
FPCP, Daegu
Oct 9, 2004
2
Flavor Physics Deep Questions





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Generations? Three?
Hierarchy of masses?
Texture of mixings?
Is flavor physics tied to EW symmetry
breaking?
CP violation for baryogenesis?
Quarks vs Leptons?
B. Grinstein
FPCP, Daegu
Oct 9, 2004
3
What flavorists do to answer these

Invent constructs that answer one or more questions, eg




If construct is …



Many species of SUSY/SUGRA (actually, do these answer any flavor Qs?)
Mass matrix textures
Brane overlaps, extended technicolor, preons, leptoquarks,…
predictive → Test by precise measurement
not predictive → Ignore it
Fix construct. If fix is



Ugly (eg, SUSY) → swallow hard, reinvent construct and repeat
from top
Discusting (eg, SUSY) → swallow hard, reinvent construct and
repeat from top
Unavailable (e-technicolor?) → swallow hard, reinvent construct
and repeat from top
B. Grinstein
FPCP, Daegu
Oct 9, 2004
4
What flavorists really do to answer these



Most of the work goes into tests
It is not fruitful to test constructs individually
Ever more precise results are collected in a
model that does not address flavor
But …
• What if the model cannot accommodate some results?
• What if the model can always accommodate results?
B. Grinstein
FPCP, Daegu
Oct 9, 2004
5

If the “standard” cannot accommodate results


Stockholm
Adopt a new standard. The new standard may or
may not address the questions



If it does → success!
If it does not → repeat from top
If the “standard” accommodates results …

Little thought has been expended here. The
answer could be weird indeed (eg, anthropic
principle/quantum cosmology)
B. Grinstein
FPCP, Daegu
Oct 9, 2004
6
Goals revisited
While answering the “deep questions” remains
the primary goal, the daunting task of
determining the (possibly changing)
“standard” is interesting enough in its own
right.
We should succeed at describing the universe
in detail, if not in explaining why the universe
is that way!
B. Grinstein
FPCP, Daegu
Oct 9, 2004
7
The flavor of leptons …
Neutrino mass and mixing
B. Grinstein
FPCP, Daegu
Oct 9, 2004
8
Neutrino masses:
mn  0 firmly established

Dirac mass




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Like quark sector
New fields: right handed n’s. How many? Active vs
inactive.
nCKM naturally appears (PMNS†)
DL=DLe+DLm+DLt=0 but DLi  0
CP → new cosmic avenues, eg, leptogenesis
Quark-like questions: Spectrum? Texture?
† Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata
B. Grinstein
FPCP, Daegu
Oct 9, 2004
9

Majorana mass




New phenomenon → new questions
New scalars/VEVs? If so, what new scale?
|DL|=2
Active (DIw=1)



Triplet higgs
Dim 5 see-saw
Sterile+active

B. Grinstein
Bare mass/singlet higgs
FPCP, Daegu
Oct 9, 2004
10
Neutrino mass evidence
•Confirmed
•Atmospheric:
• Dm2 ~ 210-3 eV2
• near- maximal
•Solar:
• Dm2 ~ 8 10-5 eV2
• non-maximal
•Unconfirmed
•LSND:
• Dm2 ~ 0.1-10 eV2
• Small angle
P(n1→n2) = sin22q sin2(1.27Dm2L/E)
B. Grinstein
FPCP, Daegu
Oct 9, 2004
11
Patterns
Maximal 2-3 mixing:
Inverted
Hierarchy
Normal
Hierarchy
bb0n rate larger (if Majorana)
 SN1987A (if q13  0)?
bb0n rate tiny
Quark-like
B. Grinstein
FPCP, Daegu
Oct 9, 2004
12
With LSND
•Z width → exactly 3 active n’s with m<MZ/2 → sterile
•Pure nm-ns mixing excluded for atmosferic (SK, MACRO)
•Pure ne-ns mixing excluded for solar (SK, SNO)
B. Grinstein
FPCP, Daegu
Oct 9, 2004
13
3-Flavor Analysis result
m1
m3
Best fit: Dm2 = 2.7x10-3ev2,
sin2q23 = 0.5, sin2q13 = 0.0
B. Grinstein
Dm2
sin2q13
Dm2
m2
sin2q13
m2
m1
inverted
m3
normal
(Y. Wang, ICHEP04,preliminary)
sin2q23
FPCP, Daegu
Oct 9, 2004
sin2q13
14
A busy future


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[Kobayashi, S K Kang]
Confirm/refute LSND →MiniBooNE
Detect 1-3 mixing
Find CP violation
Lot’s of experiments continuing and proposed



Reactor (Angra dos Reis, Braidwood, Chooz-II, Diablo
Canyon, Daya Bay, Kashiwazaki, Krasnoyarsk) (show next)
bb (CUORE, GENIUS, Majorana, super-NEMO,
MOON,EXO)
LBL (K2K-II, MINOS, CNGS, NOvA, T2K)
B. Grinstein
FPCP, Daegu
Oct 9, 2004
15
Sensitivities to sin22q13 @ 90%CL
Double Chooz
KASKA
Braidwood
Daya Bay
Power
Baseline
Detector
Overburden
B. Grinstein
FPCP, Daegu
Oct 9, 2004
16
The CKM matrix
Never leave important measurements
un-re-measured [Glazov]
B. Grinstein
FPCP, Daegu
Oct 9, 2004
17
Status: individual elements
(unitarity not assumed)
Nuc-b: 0.2%
B. Grinstein
Km3,Ke3: 1%
FPCP, Daegu
Oct 9, 2004
18
A tremendous effort:
[Glazov]
CKM unitarity alive!
Need theory for FF
Use quenched lattice QCD:
Obtain
 Average
B. Grinstein
FPCP, Daegu
Oct 9, 2004
19
With apologies to experts
Two new calculations of FF

Quenched lattice QCD
Chiral perturbation theory
1.
2.

Only 1 agrees with old FF calculation, use
that one (democracy gone mad?!)
f  (0) = 1  0    O( 2 )
: sym bkg = ms /  QCD
Ademollo-Gatto theorem
1/ 3
( mK /  
2
2
1/ 4
for chiral pert. Thy.)
Quenched error  20% of 2 is 2%
B. Grinstein
FPCP, Daegu
Oct 9, 2004
20
Status: individual elements
(unitarity not assumed)
Nuc-b: 0.2%
Km3,Ke3: 1%
B → Xuln: 10%
B → Xcln: 1%
n+d→c+X: 5%
W → cX: 10%
Really? Never leave important measurements un-re-measured!
B. Grinstein
FPCP, Daegu
Oct 9, 2004
21
Over-constrain unitarity
triangle
… a test of CKM theory of flavor
B. Grinstein
FPCP, Daegu
Oct 9, 2004
22
Sides
B. Grinstein
FPCP, Daegu
Oct 9, 2004
23
Vcb from inclusive semileptonic decays

Theory
6 parameters



is the decay of a free quark
vanishes
Local quark-hadron duality used mildly
B. Grinstein
FPCP, Daegu
Oct 9, 2004
24
Moment Analysis

Lepton Energy
where

Hadronic Mass

Photon Energy
B. Grinstein
FPCP, Daegu
Oct 9, 2004
25
BaBaR fit
[Barberio]
| Vcb | = (41.40.4exp  0.4HQE  0.6theory ) 103
 2/dof =20/15
B. Grinstein
P.Gambino, N.Uraltsev
hep-ph/0401063, 0403166
Red line: HQE fit
Yellow band: theory errors
FPCP, Daegu
Oct 9, 2004
26
Global analysis


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Bauer et al
hep-ph/0408002
Data: BaBar, BELLE, CDF, CLEO,
DELPHI
With/without 1/mc expansion
Compare mass schemes: 1S, PS, …
Half integer hadronic moments
error badly behaved
Yellow/green:
B. Grinstein
FPCP, Daegu
Oct 9, 2004
27
Vcb from exclusive semileptonic decays
BELLE
w

HQET
Luke’s Thm:

Extrapolation to w = 1 constrained
by unitarity/analiticity (Boyd et al)

Largest uncertainty:
BABAR
hA1(w) |Vcb| x 10-3

w
B. Grinstein
FPCP, Daegu
Oct 9, 2004
28
Vcb Results
F (1)|Vcb|=(37.8  0.9) x10-3
r2 =1.54  0.14
inclusive
BABAR (D*l n)
B. Grinstein
FPCP, Daegu
Oct 9, 2004
exclusive
29
Vub from inclusive semileptonic decays



Theory as in b→c
Signal swamped by
Kinematic cuts:
better
Best:
Combine
mX and q2
Effect of shape function (model)
B. Grinstein
FPCP, Daegu
Oct 9, 2004
30
Vub from inclusive semileptonic decay
[Simonetto]
 Shape function f(x) from b→sg
 Universality of f(x) and WA
uncertainties ~10% (Bauer et al)
Y.Kwon: What are we gonna do about this?
5% !
(by decree?)
Belle: (5.54  0.42  0.55  0.42  0.27) x 10-3
BaBar: (5.18  0.41  0.40  0.23  0.27) x 10-3
stat exp
fit
OPE
B. Grinstein
FPCP, Daegu
Oct 9, 2004
31
Vub from exclusive semileptonic decay
[Okamoto]

Need form factors

Use lattice QCD
CLEO
B. Grinstein
FPCP, Daegu
Oct 9, 2004
32
Vub HFAG summary




No LEP
No exclusives
Overall consistency
Vub(endpoint) < Vub(mX-q cut)
|Vub|=(4.70  0.44) x 10-3
B. Grinstein
FPCP, Daegu
Oct 9, 2004
33
Angles
B. Grinstein
FPCP, Daegu
Oct 9, 2004
34
Unitarity triangle angles

CP in interference between decay and mixing

Theoretically clean if


common final state is a CP eigenstate
one weak phase only (or dominant)
B. Grinstein
FPCP, Daegu
Oct 9, 2004
35
Notation
(plagiarized from Ligeti@ICHEP04)
With apologies to T. Gershon
B. Grinstein
FPCP, Daegu
Oct 9, 2004
36
sin(2f1) from b →ccs
sin 2f1 = 0.722  0.040  0.023
 = A / A = 0.950  0.031  0.013
B. Grinstein
[Trabelsi]
(cc ) K S0 + sin 2f1 = 0.728  0.056  0.023
(cc ) K L0  = A / A = 1.007  0.041  0.033
FPCP, Daegu
Oct 9, 2004
37
Over-constrain, finally!
Future of precise determination:
 CKM works!
Best direction:┴ to sin(2f1)
 Keep piling on observables
is 1-(r+ih)→Vtd
 cos(2f1) cute, but adds little to this program
•B→Xdg (B→rg<1.2x10-6)
 Precision physics: need clean observables
• DM(Bs)/ DM(Bd)
 Vub best direction to test this
•sin(2f3)
B. Grinstein
FPCP, Daegu
Oct 9, 2004
38
Progress!
Note: same scale
B. Grinstein
FPCP, Daegu
Oct 9, 2004
39
sin(2f1) from b →ccd, b →qqs
Ligeti Theo-guess
| –hf Sf – sin(2f1) |
New: FPCP04
Note in particular
B. Grinstein
FPCP, Daegu
Oct 9, 2004
40
New physics? Model builder heaven…
[Yoshikawa, Kwon, Ko]


SfK and Sh’K can be accommodated (unlike O(1) deviations)
Take, eg, SUSY

B→Xsg constrains LR mass insertions
LL/RR penguins → sizeable b→s

Start to be constrained by

Br( B  X s
B. Grinstein
 
) = (4.5  1.0) 106
FPCP, Daegu
Oct 9, 2004
41
B factories have measured f2, f3
[Gershon, Bevan, Albert,
Hazumi, Zupan]

Sin(2f2)

B→pp



Br(p0p0), C00 measured
Isospin analysis
B→rr


Br(r0r0)/Br(r+r-)<0.04 (90% CL)
a – aeff small!
f2 = 96  10( stat )  4( sys )  11( peng ) 

o
B→rp Dalitz plot



Pentagon analysis
Needs Br and ACP for B→r+p-, r0p0, r-p+
Instead: SU(3)+ factorization assumptions
f2 = (102  11  15) o
From combined
pp , rp , rr results:
o

12


f2 = 100 11


B. Grinstein
27  6)o
f2 = (113 
17
CKM indirect constraint fit:
a = 98  16o
FPCP, Daegu
Oct 9, 2004
42
Vus*
A  VubVcs*
 3
r 2  h 2 eig
Vub
Vcb
A  VcbVus*


 3
sin(f3)

0


Interference between B  D K and B
common D0, D0 final state



Vcs*
Color
suppressed
 D0 K 
0
B   DCP
K
B   D (*)0  K p   K 
B   D (*)0  K S0p p   K 

Asymmetry depends on

Dalitz: difference in errors from
differing rB determination
BaBar Bound (B→DK)
Belle central value (B→DK)
FPCP04 updated
B. Grinstein
FPCP, Daegu
Oct 9, 2004
43
Direct CP Violation: The last nail on
the superweak coffin!
[Lange,Graziani]


Superweak: CP in DB=2 only (or DS=2)
CP in decay (DB=1): weak (fk) and strong (dk) phases, different
Theory can accommodate this (not explain it)
B. Grinstein
FPCP, Daegu
Oct 9, 2004
44
Many other ACP in charmless decays
New FPCP04: B0 g KSp0g (incl. K*gKSp0)
S = -0.58 +0.46
C = +0.03 0.34 0.11
–0.38 0.11;
B. Grinstein
FPCP, Daegu
Oct 9, 2004
45
Summary of the summary?



CKM, a precision science
PMNS, like CKM 20 years ago
Break with paradigm?



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Neutrino masses
Hints in b→sss?
Baby steps towards answering the “deep
questions”!
Lot’s of work ahead [Iijima, Menzemer, Dornan]
Thank you!
B. Grinstein
FPCP, Daegu
Oct 9, 2004
46
Mark your calendars
CKM 2005
UCSD
March 15 through 18
La Jolla (San Diego), California
La Jolla Shores Beach
B. Grinstein
FPCP, Daegu
Oct 9, 2004
47