Internet in the 21st Century
ISOC Luxembourg
Vint Cerf
SVP Architecture & Technology
WorldCom
July 4, 2002
What is the Internet?
The largest network
of networks in the world.
Uses TCP/IP protocols and packet
switching .
Runs on any communications substrate.
Some Key Dates
1966 – MERIT Founded
 Sept 1, 1969 – 1st ARPANET node installed at
UCLA
 Sept 10, 1973 – First paper on Internet
design (Vint Cerf, Bob Kahn)
 Nov 22, 1977 – First 3 network demonstration
(PRNET, SATNET, ARPANET)… MATNET
 Spring 1981 - Strategic C3
Demonstration/CSNET
 Jan 1, 1983 – Internet Roll Out

More Key Dates
1986 – NSFNET (MCI, IBM, MERIT =>
Advanced Network & Services)
 Summer 1989 – First Commercial Link (MCI
Mail/Internet); UUNET, PSINET, CERFNET;
WWW – Tim Berners-Lee
 1990 – ARPANET retired
 1992 – MOSAIC; Internet Society Founded
 1994 – Netscape Communications Navigator
 1995 – NSFNET retired; vBNS (MCI);
Microsoft release of Internet Explorer

Open Access Architecture
(the geeks will inherit the earth)
Roberts 1969: Telcos ignore ARPANET
 Kahn 1972: Open Protocol Architecture
 Cerf/Kahn 1974: layered access (starting at
IP layer!)
 FCC: Computer I, II, III
 1983: NCP -> TCP/IP conversion
 Cerf 1988: commercial access
 Comm Act 1996: open access to UNE

Internet - Global Statistics
22.5 Million Hosts
(Bellcore June 1997)
190+ IP countries
(VC est. June 1997)
50 Million Users
(NUA Jul 1997)
115 Million Servers
(NW/TC Jan 2001)
218/246 IP countries
(NW Jan 2000)
513 Million Users
(NUA Aug 2001)
(approx. 1.3 Billion Telephone Terminations)
Users on the Internet – Aug 2001
CAN/US - 180.68M
 Europe 154.63M
 Asia/Pac - 143.99M
 Latin Am - 25.33M
 Africa 4.15M
 Mid-east 4.65M
-------------------------- Total 513.41 M

(Source www.nua.ie)
CAN/US
Europe
Asia/Pac
Latin Am
Africa
Mid East
Internet User Trends
2000
1500
1000
500
09
20
07
20
05
20
03
20
01
20
99
19
97
19
95
0
19
Users (Millions)
2500
Year
Source: Nua Internet Surveys + vgc projections
Global Internet Hosts (000s) 1989-2006
1600000
1400000
1200000
1000000
513 Million users
800000
600000
400000
200000
hosts
mobiles?
0
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1989
Source: Cerf, based on www.nw.com, Jun 2000 + LM Ericsson
Internet and MultiMedia
 Internet
multicast “video” (MPEG, RN...),
telephony and “radio” (MP3, RN, …)
 Transport of Internet traffic on cable, direct
broadcast satellite, radio and broadcast TV
 DSL, Cable modems, Gigabit Ethernet,
MMDS, … (isdn)…
 Real-time quality of service support, VOIP,
Internet-enabled Call Centers
 Handwriting and voice recognition.
Net-based Speech Recognition
 Any
speech-carrying medium
(telephone, Internet, VPN) can carry
commands to a speech “processor” on
the net.
 Speech recognizer can “command” any
device on the net
 Or deliver commands to any online
service
UMASS Web server on a chip
born 10 AM, 14 July 1999

TCP/IP code itself fits in
about 256 bytes (12-bit)

PIC 12C509A, running
at 4MHz

24LC256 i2c EEPROM

HTTP 1.0 and RFC
1122 compliant
eternity.cs.umass.edu:
9080/index0.html

Internet Enabled Appliances

Electrolux ScreenFridge

Previewed, Feb. 99
Domotechnica Trade Show,
Cologne, Germany
FEATURES
Email & video mail
Surf the Web
TV/radio receiver
Digital cookbook
Product information & tips
Surveillance camera







IP Enabled Picture Frame
Ceiva Digital Picture
Frame
 Features






Plug & Play
640 x 480 VGA
JPEG Image Format
Storage: 20 photos/250
on-line
WWW.CEIVA.COM
SIP Telephony
Session Initiation
Protocol Telephones
 Cisco Systems,
Pingtel, etc.
 “email” addressing
 ENUM:

1.1.9.3.0.6.5.3.0.7.1.e164.arpa = sip:vinton.g.cerf@wcom.com
Internet-enabled Devices
– Java, Python, etc.
 Information appliances
WebTV, Palm-Pilot, Nokia 9000,Sony,
Nintendo, Sega games (video conf)
 Refrigerator (and the bathroom scales)
 Automobiles (Japan, [Netherlands])
 Internet-enabled wine corks
 Internet-enabled socks
 Programmable
Next Generation Internet
 IPv6
- 128 bits of addressing
 Theoretically 10 38 hosts
 IPSEC
 Significant transition effort needed
 IANA officially announced IPv6
allocations on July 14, 1999
Internet Society Chapters
A critical resource for our motto: “Internet is
for Everyone”
 Social and cultural opportunities on the Net
(cf. Luxembourg art gallery visit)
 Policy development and information
exchange
 Fostering business interests and the general
public’s use of Internet including education.

Policy Issues
 Privacy/Security
(EC, US, other…)
 Cryptography and export
 Trademarks, Domain Names, Copyright
 Regulatory Framework and convergence
(TV, Radio, Telephony)
 Taxation, Liability and Dispute Resolution
 Censorship/Voluntary Filtering
 Digital Signatures/Certificate issuance
Future look
. .
Interplanetary Internet:
“InterPlaNet”
 Planetary
internets
 Interplanetary Gateways
 Interplanetary Channel Protocol
 “bundles”
encapsulated in CCSDS link
 .earth.sol.int, .mars.sol.int
 Functional
Layers of Protocol
 Interplanetary Network and Information
Systems Directorate (old DSN)
 Project supports Mars mission plans
Cerf’s slides and other
Internet information can be
found at:
www.wcom.com/cerfsup
www.isoc.org/internet
livinginternet.com
www.gip.org
www.ipnsig.org
www.ipv6forum.com