Ben Carson
Rajesh Golla
Sunil Dsouza

 Advances have yielded more productivity
 Future input devices will involve more of the body: gestures, voice, wearable devices
 Advances in computing power have led to advances in input and output devices

 Different types of keyboard, depending on function used for
 Several Key Layouts
 Keyboard Keys
 Functions Keys
 Cursor Movement Keys

 Tasks






Select
Position
Orient
Path
Quantify
Text

Examples
 Lightpen
 Touchscreen
 Stylus
Advantages


Direct control
Easier to learn than indirect control
Disadvantages
Obscures Screen
 Arm fatigue

Smudging of display
(touchscreen)
 Removal of hand from keyboard

 Examples
 Mouse
 Trackball
 Joystick
 Trackpoint
 Graphics tablet
 Touchpad


Advantages
 Doesn’t obscures screen
 Less arm fatigue
 No smudging
Disadvantages
 Removal of hand from keyboard
 Indirect control harder to learn than direct control

 Best pointing devices depends on the task
 Tablet: long periods of being away from keyboard
 touchscreen/trackball: public access, shop floor, laboratory applications
 Mouse/trackball/tablet/touchpad: pixel-level pointing
 Keyboard Cursor keys: moving between a small number of targets
 Joystick/trackball: game and flight sim designers



Developed by Paul Fitts in 1954
 Index of difficulty =log
2
(2D/W)
 Time to Point =C
1
+ C
2
( Index of Difficulty )
Sears and Shneiderman
 Time for precision pointing =
C
1
+C
2
( Index of Difficulty )+C
3 log2(C
4
/W)

 Foot Mouse
 Eye-tracking, gaze detection
 DataGlove
 Binocular Omni-Orientation Monitor (BOOM)
 Several variants of 3-D pointing devices
 Haptic feedback

Speech generation,Digitization and recognition
Voice commanding : more demanding of users working memory
 Background noise
 Variations in user speech
Very useful for handicapped people

 Speech technology
 Discrete word recognition
 Continuous speech recognition
 Speech store and forward
 Speech generation
All of them can be combined in creative ways

Discrete Word Recognition
 The devices recognize individual words spoken by specific person
 Reliability: 90 to 98 percent for 20-200 word vocabulary
 Speaker dependent training
 Speaker independent training
 Careful choice of employees improves recognition rates

 Applications
 Physically handicapped
 Speakers hands are busy
 Mobility is required
 Speakers eyes are occupied


Examples: Aircraft engine inspectors, baggage handlers
Studies show that speech input was not found to be beneficial

 Commercially successfully products are restricted to specialty niches such as radiologists
 Difficulty is recognizing the boundaries between spoken words
 AIM: dictate letters, compose reports verbally, scan long audio tracks, identifications purposes

 Verbex: 99.5 percent accuracy, speaker dependent training, vocabulary up to 10000 words
 Speech systems: 95 percent accuracy, speaker independent training, 40000 word vocabulary
 Target tasks: operating system control, police requests for info on car license, stock broker orders

 Less exciting- more useful
 Commonly used for weather, airline, financial information, personal messaging telephone
 Voice mail technology
 Telephone based information systems
 Personal tape recorders
 Audio tours in museums

Reliable speech generation devices used in
 Cameras
 Soft drink vending machines
 Automobiles
 Games
Applications for the blind

Speech generation preferred when
 Message is short
 Message is simple
 Message will not be referred to later
 Message deals with events in time
 Message requires immediate response
 Visual channels of communications are overloaded
 Environments unsuitable for visual information
 User must be free to move around
 User is subject to high G forces

 Audio tones
 Audiolization
 Music
Used to give feedback to the used
 Warnings or acknowledgements
 Very helpful for blind users


Features
 Rapid Operation
 Reasonable size
 Reasonable resolution
 Quiet Operation
 No paper waste
 Low Cost
 Reliability
 Graphics and animation

 Cathode Ray Tube
 Liquid Crystal Displays
 Plasma Panel
 Light emitting Diodes

Digi cams
 Digital storage of photographs
 Electronic editing and manipulation
Scanners
 Convert maps,documents and manuscripts into digital format
 Optical Character Recognition – convert text in printed docs to electronic forms

Videodisks
 12 inch
 54000 still images/30 min video
CD-ROMs
 600+ mb of data
 1 hour videos (depending on codec)
DVD’s
 2-3 hours of video storage

CODEC’s
 Motion Picture Experts Group (MPEG)
 RealVideo
 H263 - medium-quality videoconferencing

Projectors
 2 by 3 meter displays
 Good saturation, small loss of fidelity

Heads-up displays
 video/data on partially silvered windscreen

Helmet Mounted Displays

Necessary Features
 Speed
 Print Quality
 Cost
 Compactness
 Quite operation
 Font,character set,size
 Reliability

DESIGN
 Devices which are cost effective
 Selecting rather than typing devices
 Better speech input devices
 Better video o/p devices.. Higher resolution, color and larger displays