DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN ANATOMY
FACULTY OF MEDICINE
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA
B.Sc. Human Anatomy Degree Program
STUDENTS HAND BOOK
1
HISTORY OF THE PROGRAMME/SUB-DISCIPLINE/DISCIPLINE
The Faculty of Medicine was established in 1966 with admission to train Nigerian doctors who
would provide medical services to the people particularly in the Northern part. The Medical
Faculty was inaugurated amidst a civil war resulting in shortage of funds and staff but the first
students commenced training in 1967. The Faculty consists of pre-clinical and clinical arms. The
pre-clinical arm which is on the main campus of the University consists of the following
Departments: Human Anatomy, Human Physiology, Community Medicine and Nursing Sciences.
The Department of Human Anatomy was established in the year 1967 primarily for the training of
Medical Doctors. However, with the introduction of Pharmaceutical Sciences B.Sc. Honours
programmes in Human Anatomy and Physiology, and the recent introduction of B.Nursing
Sciences, the Department is saddled with the responsibility of not only training Medical Doctors but
also Pharmacist, Anatomists, Physiologists and Nurses. The Department has also been involved in
the training of Medical Laboratory Scientists. In addition, the department is involved in the
teaching and training of postgraduate students in the field of anatomy. This was borne out of the
demand for anatomists with postgraduate training and qualifications in medical schools due to the
growing number of tertiary institutions nationwide.
Since its inception, the department has trained anatomists who have adapted into several scientific
disciplines e.g. molecular biology, biotechnology, anthropology, public health and cell biology.
The Faculty of Medicine is a complex of buildings which houses the Departments of Human
Anatomy, Department of Human Physiology and provides accommodation for the Department of
Community Medicine and Nursing. The original concept was that it should serve as a Centre of
Excellence for the Teaching of Pre-clinical Medical subjects for other Universities in the North as
well as for Ahmadu Bello in the same way as Oxford and Cambridge Universities does for the
London Teaching Hospitals. The buildings making up the Complex are laid out around a Central
Quadrangle giving the appearance of a College. The Quadrangle is paved peripherally around a
centrally placed grass lawn. The towers for staircases and lifts are on the inside walls of the blocks
facing the Quadrangle. These features together with the cloistered effect on the ground floor level
of the façade which is set back from the columns of the structural frame give this Complex a
dignified academic look.
The Department of Anatomy building consists of two main blocks, one 4 storey and the other 3
storey. These contain a large Student Audio-Visual Aids Laboratory, a student Library/Reading
Room, the extensive Research facilities, good staff accommodation consisting of
offices/laboratories and general purpose research laboratories, sophisticated student teaching
laboratories for Histology, Dissection and Dental Anatomy, Tutorial rooms, Demonstration theatres
for Microscopy and gross Anatomy and extensive student locker/lavatory areas.
Furthermore, the building has several individual Areas of Excellence which are of tremendous
benefit to the nation but in particular the Northern States. This has placed the Department and the
Faculty of Medicine at Ahmadu Bello University in a highly respected position.
These areas include:i.
A Grade ‘B’ Radioisotopes’ Suite.
ii.
An Electron Microscopy Suit for three microscopes including a scanner.
iii.
A sophisticated Animal House which is fully air-conditioned and can provide the
varied environments necessary for a wide range of animals (including monkeys and
small farm animals).
iv.
An Experimental Operating Theatre Suite.
2
v.
vi.
vii.
viii.
ix.
x.
xi.
xii.
xiii.
xiv.
An Autopsy Suite.
A sophisticated Tissue Culture/Microbiological Suite.
A modern Electron-Physiology Suite, (E.E.G’s, E.C.G’s and E.M.G’s will be carried
out here as patient service).
A Computerized Tomographic X-Ray Scanning Unit which represents one of the
most advanced developments in Medicine today and is a superb diagnostic tool.
An Ultra-Sonic Scanning Unit which is another superb diagnostic tool
complementing (8) and of special value in Obstetrics.
A modern Photographic Suite.
A comprehensive Suite of Histological/Histochemical Preparation and Research
Laboratories.
A Physical Anthropology/Human Biology Research Laboratory.
A comprehensive closed Circuit Colour Television Centre.
An Embryology and Developmental Biology Laboratory
UNITS AND SECTIONAL HEADS
1. Embryology and Cytogenetics Unit is under the supervision of Dr. S. S. Adebisi, who
coordinates the course with the assistance of academic and technical staff.
2. Gross Anatomy Unit is manned by Dr. U. E. Umana, who is responsible for coordinating
lectures, tutorials and practical with other academic and technical staff. Also involved in the
procurement and maintenance of cadaver for dissection.
3. Histology and Histochemistry Unit: is under the supervision of Dr O. A Ibegbu, who is
responsible for coordinating lecture, tutorials and practical's with the academic and technical
staff.
4. Physical Anthropology and Museum Unit: is under Dr. B. Danborno who coordinates the
course and responsible for the management of the Museum.
5. Osteology unit is supervised by Dr (Mrs.) J.N. Alawa who is responsible for the distribution and
collection of bone boxes.
6. Embalming Suite: this unit is supervised Dr. A.A. Lawal who coordinates the activities of unit
and ensure cleanliness and safety of the staff.
3
(a)
(b)
(a)
Student’s Welfare
Handling of academic grievances
There is Department Student Welfare Committee that sees to the students’ welfare
and handles their academic grievances which are also considered during the staff
meetings.
Student academic advising
Every academic staff serves as a student advisor/counselor. The staff seeks out the
welfare and academic performances of all the students under him/her (ratio is 1 staff
to six students) and encourages the students to share any problems or difficulties.
Examination
The Chief Examination Officer is the Head of Department, but the Departmental
Examination Officer collates all results submitted by respective course coordinators.
Questions are set by the respective course lecturer and it is internally moderated by
the Head of Department and externally by an external Examiner. The scheme of
evaluation in every course is as follows: 40% for the continuous assessment tests
and 60% for the main examination. A minimum of two continuous assessment tests
are given to the students. The semester grades are calculated as grade point average
(GPA) on the basis of A, B, C, D, E and F which are equivalent to 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 and 0
grade points respectively. The minimum pass mark is 40% or GP of 11 for classified
degrees. The results are normally released before the beginning of next session, after
the approval by External Examiner, Departmental Board of Examiner, Faculty Board
and Senate. Semester results are displayed on departmental notice boards and issued
as printouts to students.
Academic Atmosphere
Department has a bench mark/minimum requirements which students must attain
before they are allowed to proceed to the next level or graduate in order to ensure
that standards are maintained and students are not overloaded. Department also
conducts informal staff evaluation exercise through questionnaires administered to
students. Furthermore department organizes orientation for new students and a
staff/student parley where students are free to talk about issues bordering on their
academics and welfare. This has helped maintain a cordial relationship between staff
and students and a good academic atmosphere for learning
4
MEDICAL CARE
There is a Department of Human Anatomy Medical Advisory Committee which works in close
collaboration with the University’s Health Services Unit located on the Main Campus in Samaru.
The Department’s Medical Advisory Committee counsels students on issues relating to their health
generally and as they affect their academic life in particular. At the first contact with the newly
admitted students, the Committee advises them on the need for early registration with the Sick Bay
located on the Main Campus and the need to promptly report all health and health related problems
to the Sick Bay. The University Health Services open from 7:30 am to 8:30 pm for routine cases
from Mondays through Saturdays (except on public holidays). Emergency cases are however
treated on 24 hours basis.
GUIDANCE AND CONSELING UNIT
The Department has a virile Guidance and Counseling Unit that works directly with the Guidance
and Counseling Centre of the University. The Department’s Guidance and Counseling Unit advises
students on issues relating to their academic progress, health, career and social life. The Unit meets
periodically but its meeting is also convened by the Head of Department anytime the need arises.
The Unit functions with utmost confidentiality and students, whatever their problems, are advised
not to hesitate to avail themselves of the opportunity its offers them.
In addition to the work of the Department’s Guidance and Counseling Unit, the Department also
appoints Year-Advisers for each Level of studies. These Year-Advisers are charged with the
responsibility of advising their students on ways of using their time judiciously and how to
overcome whatever academic problems they may encounter in the course of their studies.
SPORTS
Ahmadu Bello University is a sporting University, known nationally and internationally for its
various laurels in all fields of sports. The Department encourages all her students and staff to
participate actively in all the sporting activities organized in the University so as to carry her name
beyond the limits of the University and stay fit and healthy. To achieve this goal, the Department
has a Sport Advisory Body that works in direct collaboration with the Sports Office of the
University. The Committee advises the students on the various sporting facilities available on the
Campuses of Ahmadu Bello University and the need for registration with the Sports Office.
SANITARY FACILITIES
There are toilets for the use of male and female members of staff and for the Department’s visitors
close to the General Office of the Department while students’ toilets are located in the classroom
block and another in the ground floor area of the Faculty Building. These sanitary facilities have
cleaners attached to them that ensure the conduciveness of the use of these places. Students are
advised to use these facilities carefully and realize that their own individual careful use will not
only ensure the conduciveness of these toilets but also prolong the life-span of the facilities.
5
CURRICULUM CONTENTS
(a)
Programme Title: B.Sc. (HONS) HUMAN ANATOMY
Programme consists of a 120 Semester hours of credit units in 4 years of study
(UTME), and 90 credit units for student of 3 years (Direct Entry)
(b)
Programme/Sub-Discipline/Discipline Philosophy and Objectives
The Programme is undertaken in the Faculty of Human Medicine, Ahmadu Bello
University, Zaria, under course credit system.
The general philosophy and objective is to produce graduates of high academic
standard with adequate practical background that will be of great value in the fields
of Medical/Scientific Education and Research.
The objectives of the programme are: a) to build a critical mass of anatomists that
are well grounded that will serve the increasing number of medical schools in
tertiary institutions worldwide.
b) To develop graduates with broad-based scientific knowledge and technical skills
that will be employed in any scientific and research based organization or industry
equipped to carry out scientific research in any related field.
c) To train student that have wide knowledge of contemporary issues in the larger
society and so are capable of adapting themselves after school to everyday situations
including entrepreneurship.
(c)
i.
ii.
Admission Requirements:
Students of B.Sc. (HONS) Human Anatomy should possess any of the following
minimum requirements:
Senior Secondary School Certificate with credits in physics, chemistry, Biology,
Mathematics and English and relevant pass in Joint Matriculation Examination
Board.
Physics, Chemistry and Biology/Zoology at ‘A’ level with a minimum of credit in
English at ‘O’ level.
(a) Examination:
This is conducted at the end of each semester and it constitutes 60% of the total marks
earned in the course. Students must present an identification card and an examination
card detailing all registered courses and signed by the departmental examination officer
before being permitted into the examination hall. Students will have to pass all
prescribed courses in the semester with at least an E grade or better in each course. A
Fail grade (below 40%) requires that the course be carried over to the next session.
6
COMPILATION OF CGPA
(a) Semester grades are calculated as Grade Point Average (GPA) on the basis of A, B,
C, D, E, and F which are equivalent of 5,4,3,2,1, and0 grade points (GP).
In order to obtain and overall pass in the examination in any year of study, a student is
required to maintain a CGPA of at least 1.00 to be in “good academic standing”; a
student whose cumulative GPA falls below 1.00 at the end of any year of study shall be
placed on “probation”.
(b) How Grade Points are computed in your courses:
Grades
Grade Points
70-100 (A)
5
60-69
(B)
4
50-59
(C)
3
45-49
(D)
2
40-44
(E)
1
0-39
(F)
0
The class of degree as described above is being determined by the efforts a student puts
into his/her studies from 100 Level or 200 Level as the case may to the final level/year
of his/her studies.
PROBATION
A student goes on probation after failing to attain the 1.0 GPA at the end of two
semesters.
A student who remains on probation for two consecutive semesters and who fails to
attain the status of “good academic standing” at the end of that year of study shall be
withdrawn from the programme of study.
Failure in any course shall be recorded as such and can only be redeemed by taking and
passing the examination in that course.
A student who is absent from any examination shall be deemed to have failed the
course-units missed. The Senate on the recommendation of the Faculty Board of
Medicine may however, allow the students to sit the missed course-units later, as his/her
first attempt.
In order to pass a course-unit a student must obtain at least the pass mark, which shall be
40%.
The Class of the degrees awarded in the Faculty shall be determined by a student’s final
CGPA as follows:
GRADUATION REQUIREMENTS
To qualify for an award of B.Sc. (HONS) Human Anatomy, a student must have
obtained at least 120 credit units in the 4 year degree. (Students admitted through UME)
or 90 credit units in the 3 year degree (Student admitted through the Direct Entry)
programme. In addition, he/she must have passed the entire prescribed core and cognate
courses and taken the required electives. Secondly, a student must have obtained a
minimum CGPA of 1.00.
7
TABLE 1:
SCORING GRADING AND DEGREE CLASISIFICATION SYSTEM
CREDIT UNITS PERCENTUILE
LETTER
GRADE
GRADE POINT
CUMMULATIVE
(I)
USCORES (II)
GRADES
POINTS
AVERAGE (V)
GRADE POINT
(III)
(IV)
AVERAGE (VI)
Vary according to
70-100
A
5
Derived by adding the
4.50-5.00
contact
hour
product of columns (1)
assigned to each
60-69
B
4
and Columns (IV) for
3.50-4.49
course per week
all course and dividing
per semester, and
50-59
C
3
by total credit units
2.40-3.49
according
to
offered.
workload
45-49
D
2
1.50-2.39
40-44
E
1
1.00-1.49
0-39
F
0
0.99
8
CLASS OF DEGREE
(VII)
1st Class
2nd Class (upper)
2nd Class (lower)
3rd Class
Pass Degree
Fail
FIRST YEAR (100 LEVEL) FIRST SEMESTER
Grouping
(a) General Studies Course,
e.g. Humanities,
Communication and Soc.
Sciences
Course
No/Level
Course/Subject
Prerequis
ite
Total Week
Load
Contact Hours/Week
Lecture
Tutorial
Practical
Nil
HIST 100
Nationalism
HIST 103
English and Communication
1
2
-
-
1
2
“
“
“
“
“
“
“
“
“
2
2
2
1
2
2
1
-
3
3
-
2
2
2
3
1
2
2
2
1
“
“
1
2
-
-
1
2
Skills
(b) Core/Compulsory
Courses
BIOL 101
Plant Systematics
BIOL 113
Invertebrate and Vertebrate
PHYS 131
Heat and Properties of Matter
PHYS 161
Introductory practical physics
CHEM 111
Introductory General Chemistry
CHEM 121
Introduction to inorganic
Chemistry
CHEM 191
Introductory Practical
Chemistry
c)
Electives/Optional
Courses
HIST 105
Use of Library
HIST 107
History of scientific ideas
MEDN 101
History of medicine
9
FIRST YEAR (100 LEVEL) SECOND SEMESTER
Grouping
Course
No/Level
GENS 102
Course/Subject
Environmental Health
Prerequis
ite
Lecture
Tutorial
Practical
2
2
-
-
15
15
“
“
“
“
“
“
“
“
“
2
2
2
1
2
2
1
-
3
3
-
2
2
2
3
1
2
2
2
1
“
“
1
2
-
-
1
2
Nil
(a) General Studies Course,
e.g. Humanities,
Communication and Soc.
Sciences
BIOL 112
BIOL 114
PHYS 122
(b) Core/Compulsory
Courses
c)
Electives/Optional
Courses
PHYS 112
PHYS 162
CHEM 112
CHEM 122
CHEM 192
COMM 101
HIST 105
HIST 107
Animal Biology
Ecology and Evolution
Electricity, magnetism and
modern physics
Geometric and wave optics
General Physics Practicals II
Introductory physical
chemistry
Introductory organic chemistry
Introductory practical
chemistry
Introduction to the sociology
of medicine
Introduction to psychology
English for academic purpose.
10
Contact Hours/Week
Total
Week
Load
SECOND YEAR (200) LEVEL FIRST SEMESTER
COURSE
CODE
ANAT 201
COURSE TITLE
Gross anatomy of upper and lower
CONTACT HOURS
LECTURE
LAB
45
TUTORIALS
NO OF
CREDIT
UNITS
COURSE
STATUS
30
90
5
Core
limbs
ANAT 203
Basic histology
15
-
45
2
“
ANAT 205
Basic Embryology
15
-
-
1
“
HPHY 201
Introductory physiology
15
-
-
1
“
HPHY 203
Excitable tissue
15
-
-
1
“
HPHY 205
Blood
30
-
-
1
“
HPHY 207
Cardiovascular physiology
30
-
45
3
“
BCHM 241
Chemistry of macromolecules and
15
-
-
2
“
-
-
45
1
“
enzyme kinetics
BCHM 247
Introductory Biochemistry
COMM 203
Practicals
30
-
-
2
“
GENS 201
Demography
15
-
-
1
“
Moral Philosophy
ELECTIVES:
Students are required to take at least one restricted elective from the Faculty of Arts, Education or Science.
11
REMARK
SECOND YEAR (200 LEVEL) SECOND SEMESTER
COURSE
CODE
COURSE TITLE
ANAT 202
Gross anatomy of thorax and abdomen
ANAT 204
Systemic Histology I
ANAT 206
CONTACT HOURS
LECTURE
LAB
15
TUTORIALS
NO OF
CREDIT
UNITS
COURSE
STATUS
REMARK
30
90
4
Core
ANAT 201
15
-
45
2
“
ANAT 203
Systemic Embryology
15
-
-
1
“
ANAT 206
HPHY 202
Respiratory Physiology
30
-
45
3
“
HPHY 204
Renal Physiology
15
-
-
1
“
HPHY 206
GIT Physiology
15
-
-
1
“
HPHY 208
Liver and Biliary system
15
-
-
1
“
BCHM 242
General Metabolism I
30
-
-
2
“
BCHM 248
Introductory Biochemistry Practs. II
-
-
45
1
“
PHCL 202
General Pharmacology
30
-
-
2
“
COMM 202
Man and His environment
45
-
45
4
“
12
ELECTIVE:
LAW 202
General principles of law
30
-
-
2
Elective
GOEG 202.
Culture and Environmental
Evolution
30
-
-
2
“
15
-
-
1
“
BIOL 214
Introductory Cytogenetics
13
THIRD YEAR (300 LEVEL) FIRST SEMESTER
COURSE
CODE
COURSE TITLE
ANAT 301
Gross Anatomy of Head and Neck
ANAT 303
Systemic Histology II
ANAT 305
CONTACT HOURS
LECTURE
LAB
30
NO OF
CREDIT
UNITS
TUTORIALS
COURSE
STATUS
-
90
4
Core
15
-
45
2
“
Neuroanatomy
30
-
45
3
“
ANAT 307
Human Genetics
15
-
-
1
“
HPHY 301
Endocrine
30
-
-
2
“
HPHY 303
Reproduction
15
-
-
1
“
HPHY 305
Neurophysiology
15
-
45
2
“
HPHY 307
Special Senses
15
-
-
1
“
BCHM 343
Nutrition
30
-
-
2
“
BCHM 341
Metabolism II
15
-
-
1
“
BCHM 347
Biochemistry Lab II
-
-
45
1
“
COMM 301
Man and his Environment
60
-
45
5
“
ELECTIVE:
ANAT 309
Laboratory Animal Handling
15
-
45
2
Elective
COSC 101
Programming in Basic
15
-
-
1
“
14
REMARK
THIRD YEAR (300 LEVEL) SECOND SEMESTER
COURSE
CODE
COURSE TITLE
ANAT 302
Radiological Anatomy
ANAT 304
Histological Techniques and
CONTACT HOURS
LECTURE
LAB
30
NO OF
CREDIT
UNITS
TUTORIALS
COURSE
STATUS
-
-
2
Core
30
-
45
3
“
Histochemistry
ANAT 306
Biological Anthropology
30
-
45
3
“
ANAT 308
Comparative Anatomy
30
-
-
2
“
ANAT 312
Embalmment Museum techniques
30
-
-
3
“
ANAT 314
Principles of microscopy, Electron
-
-
3
“
30
-
45
3
“
30
-
3
“
Microscopy and Ultrastructrure
ANAT 316
Introduction to Molecular Genetics
and cytogenetics.
ELECTIVE:
HPHY 308
Laboratory Teaching and
Instrumentation
MICR 282
-
135
15
Principles of sterilization
BIOL 314
45
15
Evolution of Adaptation
-
15
3
2
1
REMARK
FOURTH YEAR (400 LEVEL) FIRST SEMESTER
COURSE
CODE
COURSE TITLE
ANAT 401
Research Methodology
ANAT 403
Seminar
ANAT 405
CONTACT HOURS
LECTURE TUTORIALS
LAB
30
-
NO OF
CREDIT
UNITS
COURSE
STATUS
2
Core
-
90
-
3
“
Introduction to Inform. Technology
30
-
-
3
“
COMM 201
Biostatics
45
-
45
4
“
MICR 281
Introduction to Microbiology
30
-
45
3
“
ANAT 407
Living Anatomy
30
-
45
3
“
ELECTIVE:
HPHY 405
Environmental Physiology
45
-
-
3
Elective
ZOOL 337
Comparative Animal Histology and
Embryology
15
-
-
2
“
ZOOL 433
Parasitology
30
-
45
2
“
16
REMARK
FOURTH YEAR (400 LEVEL) SECOND SEMESTER
COURSE
CODE
COURSE TITLE
ANAT 402
Teratology
ANAT 404
Cell Biology
ANAT 406
CONTACT HOURS
LECTURE
LAB
30
TUTORIALS
NO OF
CREDIT
UNITS
COURSE
STATUS
-
-
2
Core
15
-
45
2
“
Project Seminar
30
-
-
3
“
ANAT 408
Applied and Clinical Anatomy
45
-
-
3
“
ANAT 410
Research Project
-
-
270
6
“
ANAT 412
Introduction to Immunobiology
45
3
“
30
ELECTIVE:
PHCL 302
Systemic Pharmacology
30
-
45
3
Elective
ZOOL 338
Chordate form Function
30
-
-
2
“
17
REMARK
SYNOPSIS OF COURSES OFFERED
FIRST SEMESTER 200 LEVEL
ANAT 201: General Introduction, Upper limb and Lower Limb (5 Credit Units)
General Introduction
Introductory anatomy covering anatomical terminologies and all the systems, diagnostic
imaging, bone and the skeletal system, muscle and tissue and muscular system, blood
vessels and cardiovascular system, lymphatics and the lymphatic system, nervous tissue
and the nervous system.
Upper limb
The major palpable and imaging features of the bones of the upper limb, the sites of
common fractures (clavicle, humerus, distal radius and scaphoid) and the complications
that might result from them. Factors that influence the stability of the shoulder, elbow,
wrist and interphalangeal joints and the course, key relations and distribution of the main
neurovascular structures of the upper limb, pulse points (e.g. subclavian, brachial and
radial), the position of major veins (for venous access) and the common sites of
peripheral nerve injury and their likely functional effects (brachial plexus lesions,
axillary, radial, ulnar and median nerve lesions). The anatomical basis of common
conditions of the upper limb (e.g. rotator cuff injuries, carpal tunnel syndrome) the
organization of the axillary lymph nodes and the lymphatic drainage of the breast and
their significance in relation to metastatic spread of breast cancer and melanoma.
Lower limb
The major palpable and imaging features of the bones of the lower limb, the sites of
common fractures (neck and shaft of femur, tibia and fibula) and the complications that
might result from them. The factors that influence the stability of the hip, knee and ankle
joints, the common ligamentous injuries. The course and distribution of the main
neurovascular structures in the lower limb (e.g. to avoid damage to the sciatic nerve when
making an intramuscular injection,), major pulse points (e.g. femoral, for arterial blood
sampling, popliteal, posterior tibial and dorsalis pedis), the position of major veins (for
venepuncture, venous access by ‘cut down’ and assessment of varicose veins) and the
common sites of peripheral nerve injury and the possible functional effects of such
damage (e.g. sciatic and common peroneal nerve at neck of fibula). Surface anatomy,
dermatomes and peripheral nerve distribution, the functions of major muscle groups and
their innervations. The organization of inguinal lymph nodes and how they relate to the
lymphatic drainage of the limb, trunk skin and perineum. The organization of the deep
fascia of the lower limb and its relevance to compartment syndromes, how blood is
returned to the heart from the legs and how failure of this mechanism may cause the
development of varicosities, deep vein thromboses and embolism.
18
ANAT 203: Basic Histology (2 Credit Units)
Histological techniques in stained tissues preparation including histochemistry, principles
of microscopy and unit measurement, the cell, epithelial tissue, their type characteristics
and functions, glands types of glands and their secretions. Connective tissue types of
connective tissue, their functions, blood tissue, types of cells and their development and
functions, cartilages and their types and functions. Bones, intercellular matrix, types of
bones, bone development and calcification. The nervous tissue, basic histology of the
central nervous system and peripheral nervous system, types of neurons, the spinal cord.
Muscles tissues, striated, smooth and cardiac and the structure of the sarcomere.
ANAT 205: Basic Embryology (1 Credit Unit)
General introduction and history of the science of embryology, gametogenesis with
emphasis on the difference between males and females, development of ovarian follicle,
ovulation, fertilization and its importance, cleavage, formation of blastocyst,
implantation, formation of primitive streak, notochord, neural tube, germ layers,
derivatives of germs layers, folding of embryo placenta and fetal membranes, the
functions of the placenta, multiple births and congenital anomalies and their causes e.g.
genetic, environmental and multifactorial conditions.
SECOND SEMESTER 200 LEVEL
ANAT 202: Thorax, Abdomen, Pelvis and Perineum (4 Credit Units)
Thorax
The major palpable and radiological features of the thoracic wall, and describe the
anatomy of the intercostal spaces, the diaphragm and the functional anatomy of
ventilation. The pleural cavities and the anatomy of the lungs (including their lymphatic
drainage and its role in the metastatic spread of lung cancer), the main divisions of the
mediastinum and their contents and the anatomy of the heart and great vessels of the
thorax, including their surface projections. The anatomical basis of common congenital
cardiac abnormalities, heart murmurs and their effects. The function and arrangement of
the coronary arteries and the position and function of the heart valves. The course of
major structures passing between the neck and thorax and those which pass through the
diaphragm between the thorax and the abdomen. This knowledge forms the basis of
understanding pneumothorax, lung and pleural disease, coronary artery and valve surgery
and in referred pain from the distribution of the phrenic and intercostal nerves. Surface
anatomy of the thorax, for the examination of the heart and lungs and interpret standard
diagnostic images.
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Abdomen
The anatomy of the anterior and posterior abdominal walls and the inguinal region, the
extent of the peritoneal cavity and the anatomy and key relationships of the oesophagus,
stomach, small and large intestines including the appendix, liver, gall bladder, pancreas,
spleen, kidneys, ureters and adrenal and suprarenal glands. The arterial supply and
venous drainage to the intestine in relation to arterial occlusion, strangulation, intestinal
surgery, the portal circulation and the effects of portal hypertension, and the lymphatic
drainage and innervations of the abdominal organs in relation to metastatic spread of
cancer and abdominal pain. This knowledge forms the basis of understanding of surgical
incisions, referred pain from the abdominal viscera (especially the gall bladder and
appendix) and how the sub-hepatic and sub-phrenic spaces may be implicated in the
spread of infection. Surface anatomy of the abdomen and of the inguinal canal for
hernias. Diagnostic images of the alimentary, pancreato-biliary and urinary tracts.
Pelvis and Perineum
The anatomy of the bony pelvis, anatomy and positions of the ureters, bladder, urethra,
rectum and anal canal, the structure of the pelvic floor, and the anatomy of continence,
the anatomy of the external and internal genitalia in males (scrotum, testis, vas deferens,
seminal vesicles, prostate, penis) and females (ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, cervix,
vagina, labia, clitoris). The peritoneal relationships, and supports of the pelvic viscera to
understand ectopic pregnancy, prolapse and suprapubic catheterisation. The arterial
supply, venous drainage and the lymphatic drainage and innervation of the pelvic organs
in relation to metastatic spread of cancer. Introduction to the perineal region, superficial
and deep perineal pouches, muscles of the anal triangle, nerves, arteries, veins and
lymphatics of the perineal region.
ANAT 204: Systemic Histology I (2 Credit Units)
Microscopic anatomy of the cardiovascular system, to cover the arteries, capillaries
networks, veins, arteriovenous anatomosis, and heart, histology of the thin and thick
skins, hair follicles, sebaceous gland, pigmentation of skin and nail. Digestive system: the
lips, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pharynx, general plan of the gastrointestinal tract,
esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, exocrine pancreas, liver, functions of the
hepatocytes, gallbladder. Respiratory system: nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea and
principal bronchus, lungs, intrapulmonary passages, structure of the alveolus. The
lymphatic system: lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, the spleen, the thymus, mucosa
associated with lymphoid tissue, palatine and pharyngeal tonsils.
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ANAT 206: Systemic Embryology (1 Credit Unit)
The course covers the development and anomalies of pharyngeal apparatus, body cavities and
serous membranes skeletal, muscular, cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, urogenital,
integumentary and central nervous system, ear, eye, head and neck.
FIRST SEMESTER 300 LEVEL
ANAT 301: Head and Neck (3 Credit Units)
The major palpable and imaging features of the skull and cervical spine the position, key
relationships, neurovascular supply, venous and lymphatic drainage of the following major
structures: course and distribution of the cranial nerves, ear and pharyngotympanic
(Eustachian) tube, eye, eyelids and conjunctivae, nasal cavity and paranasal air sinuses, oral
cavity and tongue, tonsils, soft palate, pharynx, salivary glands, larynx and trachea, thyroid and
parathyroid glands and the contents of the carotid sheath. The fascia and fascial spaces of the
neck in relation to the spread of infection. Surface anatomy, cranial nerve distribution, the
functions of major muscles of the head and neck and their innervations in order to perform a
basic neurological examination.
ANAT 303: Systemic Histology II (3 Credit Units)
The urinary system: histology of the kidney, nephron, kidney lobules and medullary rays,
ureter, urinary bladder and urethra. Microscopic anatomy of the endocrine system: the pituitary
gland, thyroid and parathyroid glands, adrenal gland, endocrine pancreas and the pineal gland.
The male reproductive system: the testes, epididymis, ductus deferens, seminal vesicles,
prostate gland, penis and male urethra. The female reproductive system: the histology of the
ovary, oviduct, uterus, cervix, vagina and mammary glands. The histology of special senses:
microscopic structure of the olfactory organ, the eye, taste buds, ear, receptors concerned with
touch, pressure, cold, warmth and pain.
ANAT 305: Neuroanatomy (2 Credit Units)
The blood supply and venous drainage of the brain and spinal cord, the arrangement of the
meninges, the pattern of the major dural venous sinuses, subarachnoid space, ventricular
system and the production, circulation and drainage of cerebrospinal fluid. The position,
organisation, connections, vascular supply, venous drainage and key relations of the main parts
of the brain and spinal cord including the cerebral cortex, internal capsule, cerebellum, basal
ganglia, thalamus, hypothalamus and brainstem. The key relations and components of the
white matter, including the main motor and sensory pathways of the brain and spinal cord. The
peripheral nervous system with emphasis on supplies to areas of skin and muscle groups by
both segmental spinal nerves and peripheral nerves.
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ANAT 307: Human Genetics (1 Credit Unit)
A brief history of genetics, why is medical genetics important for health care practitioner?
DNA composition, replication, transcription and translation. A disease of faulty DNA repair.
Be familiar with Mendel’s basic principles of heredity; understand the patterns, and describe
the characteristics of single gene inheritance; recognize typical pedigree patterns; factors that
may complicate inheritance patterns; consanguinity in human populations. Explain the
occurrence of x-linked recessive traits in females; understand the difference between
expression and penetrance of a disorder. X-inactivation; sex-linked inheritance; mitochondrial
inheritance. Understand the concept of multifactor inheritance including threshold effect,
liability, and recurrence risk. Principles of multifactorial inheritance; nature and nurture. Know
the molecular tools for screening and diagnosis; know the population screening for genetic
disease. Population screening for genetic disease; molecular tools for screening and diagnosis;
prenatal diagnosis of genetic disorders and congenital defects; fetal treatment; gene therapy.
Know the chromosomal basis of human disease; understand that cytogenetic technology and
nomenclature. Normal karyotype: number of chromosomes, basic nomenclature; typical
indications for chromosome analysis in the newborn and adult. Examples of the findings;
meiosis and the errors that can lead to trisomy/mis-segregation of balanced translocations;
abnormalities of chromosome number; chromosome abnormalities and abnormalities of
chromosome structure; introduction to molecular genetics, DNA cloning and application in
medical practice.
SECOND SEMESTER 300 LEVEL
Anat 302: Radiological Anatomy (2 Credit Units).
Principle of radiology, the use of X-ray to study certain organs like liver, spleen, stomach,
kidneys etc and to study bones of the body and ossification centres with X-ray films,
ultrasonograms, computer tomographs and magnetic resonance image films. Discussions on
the future of medical imaging.
Anat 304: Histological Techniques and Histochemistry (3 Credit Units).
Fixation methods of preservation fixation of biopsies and autopsies tissues including the types
of fixation. Dehydration, clearing and embedding of tissues. Staining techniques and type of
stains. Methods of histological and cytological observation and interpretation of tissue sections.
Introduction, tissue fixation, tissue processing, buffers, detection of protein, carbohydrates, and
nucleic acid lipids acid, principles of enzyme Histochemistry and inorganic substances.
Anat 306: Biological Anthropology (3 Credit Units).
Historical background of biological anthropology, classification of primates, evolutionary
biology of the primates, principles of normal growth and variability. Human genetic variability,
serological polymorphism. Environmental effects on growth, seasonality, disease and secular
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trends. Ecological factors affecting growth in Nigerian communities. Assessment of growth
and body composition by anthropometry and more recent techniques in body composition
analysis, multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and
anthroposcopy.
Anat 308: Mamallian Comparative Anatomy (3 Credit Units).
The study of other mammals in order to understand the relationship between man and other
mammals. Their systems like nervous, cardiovascular, renal and respiratory contribution to
experiments that a living man cannot be used.
Anat 312: Embalming and Museum Techniques (3 Credit Units).
Preparation of embalming fluids and functions of the chemical constituents of embalming
fluid. Reception and registration of cadavers. Embalming procedures, including surface
identification and opening of femoral artery, perfusion and in injection of embalming fluid.
Bone maceration techniques and body model plastination. Preparation, indexing and
arrangements of museum specimens. Osteogenesis: types, stages and processes of bone
development. Types and functions of bones. Structural, chemical and cellular constituents of
bones.
Anat 314: Principles of Microscopy, Electron Microscopy and Ultrastructure (3Credit
Units).
Aims of microscopy, description and applied of light microscopy the phase contrast
microcopy, fluorescence microscopy, interference microscopy, and other related apparatuses.
E/M and ultra-structure: Procurement and preparation of tissues, cutting of sections for ultra –
microtomy. Introduction to of use of E/M, taking of micrographs, developing printing,
enlarging and interpretation.
Anat 316: Introduction to Molecular Genetics and Cytogenetics (3 Credit Units).
Chromosome structure and composition. DNA technology (hybridisation, cloning, genomic
and cDNA libraries, PCR, sequencing) Inborn errors of metabolism. Molecular pathology of
inherited conditions including cystic fibrosis, Duchenne muscular dystrophy and the
haemoglobinopathies. The genetic determination of the arrangement of the early embryo in
invertebrates and vertebrates. Axis determination in invertebrates and vertebrates.
Segmentation genes. Homeobox genes and their role in animal development Mitosis and
chromosome visualisation: chromosome structure and nomenclature. Meiosis; meiotic
chromosome figures. Numerical and structural chromosome abnormalities, mosaicism. The use
of in situ hybridisation methods to identify abnormal chromosomes (including in situ PCR).
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FIRST SEMESTER 400 LEVEL
Anat 401: Research Methodology (2 Credit Units).
The nature and importance of research pure and applied research what is a theory, hypothesis,
testing of hypothesis, sampling and randomness, analysis of date the essential parts of a
research paper, collection and the experimental research methods and abstract, bibliography,
appendix and study of selected reference, laboratory discipline animal house and handling of
animals.
ANAT 403: Seminar (3 CREDIT UNITS).
Students are examined on their ability to convey knowledge on a wide range topics from the
life sciences to audience who are mainly students and staff.
Anat 405: Introduction to Information Technology (3 Credit Units).
Historical development of the computer systems; computers and society; computer system
components; computer hardware architecture and assembly. Software: Operating systems (e.g.
DOS, Windows, Linux etc); application programmes: word processors spread sheet, statistical,
mathematical, designed software, etc. Programming languages: overview of Java
programming, C++, visual C++, visual basic. Computer Networks: Importance of computer
networks; protocols: OSI, IP/TCP.; computer network topologies with emphasis on local area
network (LAN), computer network devices; wireless networking; network performance and
management. Internet Technologies: Internet fundamentals; internet architecture; introduction
to the World Wide Web (WWW); website design and hosting, HTML authoring, e-commerce;
benefits and dangers of the internet. Laboratory Experience: computer maintenance;
networking computers; Windows 98, 2000, Me and XP working environments, and other
available operating systems. Brief introduction to biomedical informatics and its applications.
Anat 407: Living anatomy (3 credit Units)
Living anatomy studies the anatomy revealed on living humans. It includes surface anatomy
which forms the obvious connection between basic gross anatomy and clinical practice, as it is
the basis of physical examination. The methods adopted fall into two main modalities: surface
anatomy and medical imaging methods. Surface anatomy is done on the surface of the subject
by inspection, palpation, manipulation which includes percussion and auscultation, in relation
to the anatomy under the skin. Medical imaging studies is done with the aid of imagining
technologies (MRI, CT and ultrasound.) for visualization of the internal human anatomy on
living subjects. The lectures are followed by practical demonstrations in living Subjects.
Surface anatomy is emphasized and related to knowledge of internal anatomy. The observed
contours of the body surface due to underlying muscles and the palpated bony prominences
due to underlying bony landmarks are interpreted using the underlying internal anatomy.
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Surface anatomy is taught by showing what lies beneath the skin In using ultrasound to
demonstrate live anatomy. Procedures such as test for sensation, nerve integrity using sensory
test and muscles jerk and spinal reflexes, Blood pressure measurements and examinations of
the musculoskeletal systems will be taught and demonstrated using and the anatomical basis
emphasized the outcome.
SECOND SEMESTER 400 LEVEL
Anat 402: Teratology (2 Credit Units).
Development processes of the component parts of the human body. Structural /Morphological
anomalies in the course of development. Causes of development (congenital) anomalies
(Teratogenic agents). Malfunctions and metabolic disorders, associated with morphological
abnormalities.
Anat 404: Cell Biology (2 Credit Units).
This will cover topics in cell biology, including: membrane structure, organelle biogenesis,
protein targeting, and secretion; receptors, signal transduction mechanisms, growth control,
cell cycle regulation, and stress responses; cytoskeletal organization and dynamics, cell
polarity and shape change, motor proteins, organelle movement and cell motility, basic
cellular processes in the cytosol and at the cell surface, with emphasis on membrane
trafficking, cell-cell signaling, control of gene expression by cell surface molecules,
tumorigenesis, endocytosis, exocytosis, and viral entry.
Anat 406: Introduction to Immunobiology (2 Credit Units).
The course will cover the molecular and cellular mechanisms that mediate recognition and
response in the mammalian immune system. Topics include theories of diseases, types of
immunity, cellular and humoral immunity, the structural basis of immune recognition, antigen
presentation and processing, developmental regulation of gene rearrangement, biochemistry of
lymphocyte activation, lymphokines and the regulation of cellular responses, T and B cell
development, and mechanisms of tolerance, immunoglobulins and functions. Natural killer
cells, tumor immunology and responses, autoimmune disorders and immunodeficiency
disorders.
Anat 408: Applied and Clinical Anatomy (3 Credit Units).
This includes study of selected area of the body that can be palpated with the help of important
landmark, surface marking. It is carried out by one or combination of the following methods
inspection, macroscopic palpation, percussion and auscultation. Clinical Anatomy of some
vital areas of the body like lymphatic drainage of the breast, injuries of certain structure.
Anat 410: Research Project (6 Credit Units).
Students are required to choose from approved research topic available in the Department.
Supervisors are assigned to assist the students in carrying research project. The research project
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is submitted in the form of dissertation at the end of semester. The students are exposed to the
External Examiner to defend their dissertation.
Anat 412: Introduction to Immunology
Introduction and overview of Immunobiology, innate, adaptive, and comparative immunity.
Dysfunction and consequences, cells and organs of the immune system, antigens and
antibodies, immunoglobulin genes and antibody diversity, antigen-antibody interaction, major
histocompatibility complex, antigen processing and presentation, T-cell receptor, T-cell
maturation, activation, differentiation, B-cell generation, activation, and differentiation
cytokines and the complement system, cell-mediated effector responses, leukocyte migration
and inflammation, hypersensitive reactions, immune response to infectious diseases, vaccines,
aids and other immunodeficiencies, autoimmunity, transplantation immunology, cancer and the
immune system.
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ACADEMIC STAFF
S/No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Name Of Staff
Prof. Sunday Samuel Adebisi
Dr. Uduak Emmanuel Umana
Dr. Barnabas Danborno
Dr. Augusine Oseloka Ibegbu
Dr. Wilson Oliver Hamman
Dr. Daniel Tavershina Ikyembe
Dr.(Mrs) Judith Nkiruka Alawa
Mr. James Abrak Timbuak
Mr. Iliya Abdullahi Ibrahim
Dr. Ahmadu Usman Dahiru
Dr. Yusuf Nadabo Abdullahi
Dr. Ahmed Abdulmumuni Lawal
Dr. Buraimoh Adebayo Adekunle
Mrs. Bauchi Zainab Mahmood
Mr. Tanko Murdakai
Mr. Musa Sunday Abraham
Mr. Abel N. Agbon
Mrs. Hadiza R. Alhassan
Mr. Musa K. Muhammad
Mr. Jibrin Danladi
Mal. A.A. Sadeeq
Dr. Ibrahim Tasi’u
Dr. Musa Mustapha
Dr. Ismail Ahmed
Dr. Aliyu A. Isah
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Technical Staff
A-HISTOLOGY LABORATORY
S/NO.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
NAME
Mr. Akpulu Stephen Peter
Mr. Adetiba A. Bamidele
Anche Litini Tina
Haruna Musa Ladi
Solomon Aver Azande
Janet Joshua
Hannatu Umar
Biyaya Dishan
Halidu Korau
B-GROSS LABORATORY
1.
Iliya Dodo
2.
Timothy Taighom
3.
Yusuf Abdu
4.
Yusuf Yakubu
5.
Urwatu R. Liman
6.
Salisu Iliyasu
7.
Lukman Abdullahi
8.
Nura Buhari
9.
Adamu Muhammed
C-EMBALMING SUITE AND MUSEUM
S/NO. NAME
1
Joshua Sofa
2
3
4
Bulus Mamman
Tunde Sunday
Musa Muhammed
5
Korau Ibrahim
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D-CARPENTRY AND MUSEUM WORKSHOPS
S/NO. Name
1
Mr. Haruna Musa
2
Mr. Abubakar Isah
3
Dahiru Ibrahim
4
Musa Abdulahi
ADMINISTRATIVE NON-TEACHING STAFF
S/NO.
1
NAME OF STAFF
Mrs. C. S. Otache
2
Mrs. P. Omebije
3
Ms. N. Saidu
4
Mrs. M. Raji
5
Mr. Ahmed Abdullahi
6.
Mal. Jibrin F. Ishiyaka
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