PREPARED BY:
HAZRATI BINTI HUSNIN
FACULTY OF EDUCATION
SEMESTER II 2011-2012
WEEK 5: Designing Media and Instruction
Where are now?
TOPIC
Analyze
Learners
Evaluate
and Revise
State
Objectives
The ASSURE model contains six
steps and the letters in ASSURE
form an acronym.
Require
Learner
Participation
Select
Material and
Media
Utilize
Media and
Materials
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WEEK 5: Designing Media and Instruction
Where are now?
TOPIC
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WEEK 5: Designing Media and Instruction
Where are now?
TOPIC
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WEEK 5: Designing Media and Instruction
Identification of the Problem
TOPIC
 ID Process begins with identification of the problem
 Purpose of identifying the problem is to determine if instruction is the best
solution
 How to identify the problem?
Needs Assessment
Goal Analysis
Performance Assessment
Slide 6 of 17
WEEK 5: Designing Media and Instruction
What is Needs Assessment
TOPIC
 The needs assessment is a part of the front-end analysis in the instructional
design process
 It includes all the activities used to collect information about your students'
learning needs, wants, wishes, desires, etc…
 A needs analysis can be very formal, extensive and time consuming, or it can
be informal, narrowly focused and quick.
 Its purpose is to determine what the needs are, whether they are instructional or
other issues
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WEEK 5: Designing Media and Instruction
What is Needs Assessment
TOPIC
 Need to perform needs analysis to identify instructional goals
 Some of resources for conducting a needs analysis may include surveys and
questionnaires, test scores, and interviews.
 The process also sometimes involves looking at the expectations and
requirements of other people who may be impacted by the program.
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WEEK 5: Designing Media and Instruction
Conducting a Needs Assessment
TOPIC
 4 phases to NA process
Phase 1: Planning
Phase 2: Collecting Data
Phase 3: Data Analysis
Phase 4: Final Report
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WEEK 5: Designing Media and Instruction
Planning
TOPIC
 Define the target audience.
 Develop a strategy - methods
 Who will participate in the study?
 How should the data be collected?
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WEEK 5: Designing Media and Instruction
Collecting the Data
TOPIC
 Consideration about sample size and distribution
 Schedule the appointments
 Travel to the sites to collect the data
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WEEK 5: Designing Media and Instruction
Analyzing the Data
TOPIC
 SPSS
 Needs should be prioritized
 Goal Analysis Method
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WEEK 5: Designing Media and Instruction
Goal Analysis
TOPIC
 Alternative approach to NA - 6 steps
Identify the Aim (what’s the problem?)
Set Goals -(identify behaviors for performance)
Refine Goals - sort, delete, combine, refine
Rank Goals - by order of importance
Refine Goals AGAIN
Make a final ranking
Slide 13 of 17
WEEK 5: Designing Media and Instruction
Compiling A Report
TOPIC
 Report would contain
 Summary of purpose
 Summary of process
 Summary of results with table (s) and narrative
 Recommendations based on the data
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WEEK 5: Designing Media and Instruction
Which method to Use
TOPIC
 Needs Analysis
 Used when the problem is not identified
 Much time and cost are involved
 Conducted with a large target audience
 Goal Analysis
 Used when problem is identified and valid
 Less time and cost involved
 Focus is narrower
Conducted with a few individuals
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WEEK 5: Designing Media and Instruction
Performance Assessment
TOPIC
 Identify performance problems
 Causes of performance problems:
 Lack of knowledge or skills
 Lack of motivation or incentive
 Environmental factors
 Management factors
 Interpersonal relations
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WEEK 5: Designing Media and Instruction
Where are now?
TOPIC
Analyze
Learners
Evaluate
and Revise
State
Objectives
The ASSURE model contains six
steps and the letters in ASSURE
form an acronym.
Require
Learner
Participation
Select
Material and
Media
Utilize
Media and
Materials
Slide 17 of 17
WEEK 5: Designing Media and Instruction
Media
TOPIC
 A means of communication
 Latin medium (“between”)
 The term refers to anything that carries information between a source and a
receiver
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WEEK 5: Designing Media and Instruction
Media
TOPIC
 Media concept according to Torkelson
Message
Channel
Message
Design
Message
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WEEK 5: Designing Media and Instruction
Definition of Media
TOPIC
 Medium that can be used to deliver message from the sender to the
receiver in a manner that can stimulate thought, feeling, interest and
student’s attention which later occur in learning process
 According to Heinich (2002), if the media convey a message about
instruction, then that media can be called as instruction’s media
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WEEK 5: Designing Media and Instruction
The use of media in instruction
TOPIC
Why Media?
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WEEK 5: Designing Media and Instruction
The use of media in instruction
TOPIC
 To expose technology to students through teaching
 Innovation in teaching and learning – latest technology
 To gain student’s interest
 To promote an interesting teaching and learning
 To enable clear and effective explanation
 To promote meaningful learning
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WEEK 5: Designing Media and Instruction
Preparing Instruction Media
TOPIC
Initiate idea
Define objective
Analyze students
Gather and arrange materials
Convert idea into visual
Plan student’s involvement
Evaluate plan
Revise plan
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WEEK 5: Designing Media and Instruction
Media Characteristic
TOPIC
Visual
Color
Daya
suntingan
Movement
Student’s
learning
Media
Characteristic
Mobile
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WEEK 5: Designing Media and Instruction
Classification of Instruction Media
TOPIC
Instruction
Media
Non Print
Media
Presentation
Media
Static
Presentation
Non Static
Presentation
Print Media
Non
Presentation
Media
Graphic
Static Image
Exhibition
Material
Audio Material
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WEEK 5: Designing Media and Instruction
Classification of Instruction Media – Non Print Media
TOPIC
 Transparency
 Slide
 Microfilm
 Film and Video
 CD/DVD
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WEEK 5: Designing Media and Instruction
Classification of Instruction Media – Non Print Media
TOPIC
 Drawing
 Cartoon
 Charts
 Graf
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WEEK 5: Designing Media and Instruction
Classification of Instruction Media – Non Print Media
TOPIC
 Photograph
 Postcard
 Flash card
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WEEK 5: Designing Media and Instruction
Classification of Instruction Media – Non Print Media
TOPIC
 Chalk board
 White board
 Flannel board
 Bulletin board
 Electronic board
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WEEK 5: Designing Media and Instruction
Classification of Instruction Media – Non Print Media
TOPIC
 Tape
 Cassette
 Compact disk
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WEEK 5: Designing Media and Instruction
Classification of Instruction Media – Print Media
TOPIC
 Module
 Text books
 Manual
 Newspapers
 Magazine
 Journals
 Articles
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WEEK 5: Designing Media and Instruction
Classification of Instruction Media – Print Media
TOPIC
Print
Materials
Human
Resource
Internet
Projector/
Presentation
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WEEK 5: Designing Media and Instruction
Choosing Media
TOPIC
 Criteria:
Objective
Student’s Ability
Physical Equipment
Economy / cost
Utility / technical
Appropriateness
Format
Relevance
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WEEK 5: Designing Media and Instruction
Advantages of Using Media
TOPIC
 Improve the effectiveness of teaching and learning process
 Time saving
 Stimulate student’s interest
 Provides various teaching method
 Enriched student’s experience
 Produce more efficient teaching materials
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WEEK 5: Designing Media and Instruction
Disadvantages of using media
TOPIC
 Unplanned media
Choosing the media
Preparing the media
Implementing the media
 Designed media is too crowded
 Video as a media – too long
 Effect of using media
Bored
Not meaningful
Wasted
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WEEK 5: Designing Media and Instruction
Conclusion
TOPIC
TEACHERS
1. Effectiveness
2. Time saving
3. Various techniques,
strategy and
approach
STUDENTS
Media
1. Interest, passion
2. Skills
3. Independent
Teaching
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PREPARED BY:
HAZRATI BINTI HUSNIN
FACULTY OF EDUCATION
SEMESTER II 2011-2012