Inside Reading 2: Fat for Brains
Words to know
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goes (v.) = maintains; states; says
obviously (adv.) = clearly; distinctly
affect (v.) = influence; impact
performance (n.) = activity
handles (v.) = deals with; manages
stable (adj.) = unchanged
concentrate (v.) = focus
reaction (n.) = response
defuse (v.) = remove; calm; make harmless
aging (n.) = becoming old
Words to know (2)
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associate (v.) = link; connect
encouraged (v.) = promoted; facilitated
drain (v.) = remove
psychological (adj.) = mental
benefits (n.) = advantages; uses
paradigm (n.) = model; pattern; example
gaining (v.) = obtaining; acquiring
conceiving (v.) = thinking
recognize (v.) = admit; acknowledge
discrete (adj.) = separate; distinct
Words to know (3)
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compound (n.) = combination; mixture
smart (adj. = wise; clever
commit (v.) = perform; take
classified (v.) = divided; classed; grouped
varying (adj.) = different
proportions (n.) = quantities; amounts
solid (adj.) = hard; not liquid
allocate (v.) = give; allot
intake (n.) = a quantity taken in
moderate (adj.) = average; not too high and too low
Words to know (4)
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poses (v.) = causes; leads to
consume (v.) = eat; take
beyond ((prep.) = more than
promote (v.) = encourage; raise; increase; cause
depressed (adj.) = sad; gloomy
impair (v.) = weaken; diminish
mental (adj.) = psychological; relating to the mind
make up (v.) = form; constitute
bulk (n.) = large amount; great quantity
beware (v.) = be careful; be cautious
Words to know (5)
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approach (n.) = way; means; method
overall (adj./adv.) = on the whole; in total
critical (adj.) = important; crucial
metabolism (n.) = a chemical process of breaking
down the food in a living body
sharp (adj.) = vigorous; quick; alert
crucial (adj.) = important; essential; necessary
supplies (n.) = food content
ample (adj.) = enough; sufficient
rich (adj.) = plentiful; abundant
Words to know (6)
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identical (adj.) = same
allergic (adj.) = sensitive to certain things
intolerant (adj.) = disapproving; disliking
evidence (n.) = support; proof
intellectual (adj.) = deep in thought; powerful thought
mental advantage
premature (adj.) = happening before growing up
significantly (adv.) = importantly
compiled (v.) = gathered; collected
initial (adj.) = beginning
Words to know (7)
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concluded (v.) = summarized
exclusively (adj.) = not inclusively; leaving out
component (n.) = part
journals (n.) = periodicals
routinely (adv.) = regularly
confirm (v.) = prove
demonstrated (v.) = showed
reduced (v.) = decreased
stroke (n.) = a sudden rupture or burst of a blood
vessel in the brain
Words to know (8)
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pessimistic (adj.) = thinking of bad things
impulsive (adj.) = doing things without thinking
prospects (n.) = hopes; expectations
therapists (n.) = doctors; physicians
determined (v.) = intended
coordinate (v.) = combine; integrate
drugs (n.) = medicines
Exercises
Reading Comprehension
1. T
5. T
2. F
6. T
3. T
7. F
4. T
8. T
Reading Strategy
Suggested answer:
A balance of fats, brain cells, IQ and depression,
omega-3s, saturated and unsaturated fats
Step I Vocabulary Activities: Word Level
A.
1. caused
3. convert
5. sponsor
7. wrote
2. complete
4. finally
6. sections
Word Meaning
• influence (v.) = have an effect on; affect
• affect (v.) = influence; cause something to change
• impact (v.) = affect
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determine (v.) = prove; show
deficit (n.) = lack
concentration (n.) = attention
impulsive (adj.) = spontaneous; involuntary
triggered (v.) = caused
Word Meaning (2)
• encourage (v.) = support; alert; foster
• promote (v.) = encourage
• facilitate (v.) = encourage; ease
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eliminating (v.) = removing; excluding
provoking (v.) = annoying
presumably (adv.) = probably; likely
healthier (adj.) = better
Word Meaning (3)
• divide (v.) = separate
• distribute (v.) = divide
• allocate (v.) = divide
• eliminate (v.) = remove; exclude
• additives (n.) = substances added to food
• ban (v.) = prohibit; not allow
Word Meaning (4)
• overall (adv.) = in total; all over
• in total (adv.) = overall
• as a whole = overall; in total
Word Meaning (5)
• team (n.) = group
• squad (n.) = group
• group (n.) = team; squad
• monitor (v.) = check
Word Meaning (6)
• intervals (n.) = periods; times
• periods (n.) = times
• suspected (v.) = distrusted; doubted
Word Meaning (7)
• compiled (v.) = gathered; collected
• gathered (v.) = compiled
• put together (v.) = compiled
• noted (v.) = saw; noticed; observed
• increases (n.) = rises; additions
Step II Vocabulary: Sentence Level
D.
1. I made a financial commitment to the Diabetes
Research Foundation. (i)
2. I can’t meet at that time because I’ve a
commitment. (e)
3. She is totally committed to her daughter. (d)
4. He suffered from depression for many years and
finally committed suicide. (b)
5. His leaving early shows a lack of commitment to
the team. (j)
Step II Vocabulary: Sentence Level (2)
6. The government has honored a commitment to
allocate more money to the school lunch
program. (g)
7. He went to prison for committing crimes. (a)
8. She thinks she can come tomorrow, but she won’t
commit herself until she talks to her sister. (c)
9. They would love to take a vacation, but they have
commitments that need their attention. (f)
10. He’s not really sick. He’s just trying to get out of
a commitment. (h)
Conclusion: meaning of
‘commit & commitment’
• make a financial commitment to
= promise to give money to
• have a commitment
= promise to do something
• be totally committed to someone / something
= be all thought about
• commit suicide / homicide
= kill oneself
• a lack of commitment
= not care about
Conclusion: meaning of
‘commit & commitment’ (2)
• honor a commitment
= fulfill a promise
• commit a crime
= carry out an illegal act
• not commit yourself
= not promise yourself
• have commitments
= have responsibilities
• get out of a commitment
= rid yourself of a promise
Step II Vocabulary: Sentence Level
• E
1. Chemical compounds called antioxidants may
become more important in your diet as you get older.
A number of studies have suggested that they
maintain memory and mentally sharp in older adults.
2. Antioxidants in the body react with free radicals
and limit the reaction they can do.
3. Overall free radicals cause damage to tissues in
the body. Their general effect on the body partly
promote the slow decline we call “aging”.
Step II Vocabulary: Sentence Level (2)
4. One of the most disturbing aspects of aging is that
it affects the brain.
5. Some people seem to have improved their
prospects of staying sharp in old age by eating
foods that contain adequate amounts of
antioxidants.
6. Several studies of older patients taking
antioxidant pills, however, showed unaffected
differences between these patients and older
persons who took no supplements.
Conclusion of word meaning in ex. E
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mentally = cognitively
react = trap damaging
reaction = limit the damage
overall = (nearly) every part
promote = be responsible for
affect = happen to
prospects = chances
unaffected = no significant