WELCOME TO HAZMAT
INCIDENT COMMANDER
HAZARDOUS
MATERIALS
INCIDENT COMMANDER
General
• Without reference, identify general
principles about the HazMat Incident
Commander with at least 80% accuracy.
General
• Introduction
– IAW Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)
1910.120(q) Incident Commanders of Hazardous
Materials responses must :
• Know and be able to implement the employer's incident
command system.
• Know how to implement the employer's emergency response
plan.
• Be trained to meet all competencies of First Responder
Awareness and Operations Level.
• Meet any additional training to meet applicable DOT. EPA,
OSHA, state, local, or provincial regulatory requirements.
NFPA Obj. 5-1.1
General
• Incident Commander
– Definition: The person responsible for
all decisions relating to the management
of the incident.
NFPA Obj. 5-1.2
General
• Goal
– Analyze
– Plan
– Implement
– Evaluate
LO 001 / NFPA Obj. 5-1.3
Analysis Activities
•
•
•
•
•
•
Classify and identify unknown materials
Verify known materials
Monitor changes in climate
Identify contaminated people and equipment
Establish environmental monitoring
Interpret collected data
LO 001 / NFPA Obj. 5-1.3
Planning Activities
• Develop plan of action for
incident and control zones
• Develop incident safety plan
• Seek technical advice
• Evaluate and recommend
protective actions
LO 001 / NFPA Obj. 5-1.3
• Coordinate handling,
storage, and transfer of
contaminants
• Determine PPE
compatibility
• Organize and supervise
assigned personnel
• Provide emergency
medical services
Implementation Activities
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Conduct safety briefings
Implement a plan of action
Oversee placement of control zones
Supervise entry operations
Direct rescue operations
Maintain communication
Provide medical monitoring
LO 001 / NFPA Obj. 5-1.3
Implementation Activities
•
•
•
•
•
•
Protect personnel from exposures
Enforce safe practices
Ensure individuals are decontaminated
Separate contaminated persons
Ensure decon activities are conducted
Coordinate transfer of patients
LO 001 / NFPA Obj. 5-1.3
Evaluation Activities
•
•
•
•
•
Evaluate progress of the actions taken
Recognize deviations from safety plan
Alter or terminate unsafe activities
Keep required records
Ensure medical records are maintained
LO 001 / NFPA Obj. 5-1.3
Incident Management System
• Without reference, define and describe
the essential elements of an incident
management system with at least 80%
accuracy.
LO 001 / NFPA Obj. 5-1.3
Incident Management System
• Identify the elements of an incident
management system necessary to
coordinate response activities at
hazardous materials incidents.
LO 001 / NFPA Obj. 5-1.3
Incident Management System
– Purpose
– System structure
– System components
– Roles and responsibilities
LO 001 / NFPA Obj. 5-1.3
Incident Management System
• Purpose of an IMS is to:
– Provide structure and coordination
– Provide for safety and health
– Meet requirements of NFPA Standard 1500 6-1.2
LO 001 / NFPA Obj. 5-1.3
Incident Management System
• System Structure
– Implementation
– Interagency Coordination
– Command Structure
– Training & Qualifications
LO 001 / NFPA Obj. 5-1.3
SYSTEM STRUCTURE
Implementation
• Emergency response force shall adopt an Incident
Management System
• The IMS shall be defined and documented in
writing
• The IMS shall be utilized at
– All emergency incidents
– Drills, exercises, and other situations
LO 001 / NFPA Obj. 5-1.3
SYSTEM STRUCTURE
Interagency Coordination
• The IMS shall provide a plan to coordinate
operations with other agencies
• Where the incident is under the command of
the Emergency Response Force (ERF)
• Where the incident is under the command of
another agency
LO 001 / NFPA Obj. 5-1.3
SYSTEM STRUCTURE
Command Structure
•
•
•
•
Shall provide supervisory levels
System shall be modular
IC shall determine which levels to use
Command structure shall maintain span-of-control
based on ability of supervisors
• Shall define standardized assignments
LO 001 / NFPA Obj. 5-1.3
SYSTEM STRUCTURE
Command Structure
• Assignments shall be outlined in Standard
Operating Procedures (SOP)
• Assignments defined by function
• Assignments defined by location
• IC has the authority to modify and define new
parameters for assignments
LO 001 / NFPA Obj. 5-1.3
SYSTEM STRUCTURE
Training & Qualifications
• All members shall be trained
• Members expected to perform as IC
• The IC shall make assignments based on
– Availability of people
– An individual’s qualifications
– Positions that require specific expertise shall
only be assigned to qualified people
LO 001 / NFPA Obj. 5-1.3
Incident Management System
• System Components
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
LO 001 / NFPA Obj. 5-1.3
Incident Commander
Command Staff
Planning
Logistics
Operations
Communications
Finance
SYSTEM COMPONENTS
Incident Commander
• The Incident Management System shall
– Identify who is in Command
– Provide for a transfer of Command
• Standard Operating Procedures shall
– Define assuming Command
– Define circumstances and procedures
for transferring command
LO 001 / NFPA Obj. 5-1.3
SYSTEM COMPONENTS
Command Staff
• Command Staff Functions
• Standard Operating Procedures
• Members performing Staff Functions
LO 001 / NFPA Obj. 5-1.3
SYSTEM COMPONENTS
Logistics Functions
• Logistics components shall include:
– Equipment
– Material
– Services
– Other Resources
• Members shall keep IC informed on amount,
condition, and location of resources
LO 001 / NFPA Obj. 5-1.3
SYSTEM COMPONENTS
Operations Functions
• Operations functions shall refer to tactical
components
• IC shall assign intermediate levels of
supervision based on incident
• All Supervisors of Operations Functions
• Supervisors shall be responsible for activities
under their span-of-control
LO 001 / NFPA Obj. 5-1.3
SYSTEM COMPONENTS
Communications
• The IMS shall include standard operating
procedures for radio communications
• Without major changes, the communications shall
support escalations
• Standard terminology shall be established and used
• The IMS shall provide SOP’s for utilization of
communication systems
LO 001 / NFPA Obj. 5-1.3
SYSTEM COMPONENTS
Finance
• The IMS shall provide for financial services
• The IC shall assign finance functions based on the
incident
LO 001 / NFPA Obj. 5-1.3
Incident Management System
• Roles & Responsibilities
– Incident Commander
– Supervisory Personnel
– Personnel Accountability
– Rest & Rehabilitation
– Assumption of Command
– Confirmation of Command
– Transferring Command
LO 001 / NFPA Obj. 5-1.3
ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES
Incident Commander
•
•
•
•
Shall expand the command structure as needed
Shall delegate authority as defined in the SOP
Shall utilize standard terminology
Shall determine and communicate the overall
strategy
LO 001 / NFPA Obj. 5-1.3
ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES
Supervisory Personnel
• Shall assume responsibility for activities within
their span-of-control
• Shall work toward objectives within the overall
strategy
• Shall recommend changes in strategy or tactics
through supervisory levels
• Shall be alert to recognize hazardous conditions
and acts
LO 001 / NFPA Obj. 5-1.3
ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES
Supervisory Personnel
• Shall receive direction and provide progress
reports
• Shall coordinate their activities with other
supervisors
• Shall effectively deal with conflicting orders
LO 001 / NFPA Obj. 5-1.3
ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES
Personnel Accountability
• The IMS shall provide for control of access to the
incident site
• All supervisors shall maintain awareness of
assigned members
• The Fire Department shall adopt and use a
standard personal accountability system
• Members who respond on fire apparatus shall be
identified
LO 001 / NFPA Obj. 5-1.3
ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES
Personnel Accountability
• Members who arrive otherwise shall be identified
• The personnel accountability system shall include
a means to specifically identify personnel entering
hazardous areas
• The IMS shall include a SOP to evacuate
personnel
LO 001 / NFPA Obj. 5-1.3
ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES
Rest & Rehabilitation
• The IC shall consider the incident and make
suitable provisions for rest and rehabilitation
• All supervisors shall maintain an awareness of
the condition of members
LO 001 / NFPA Obj. 5-1.3
ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES
Assumption of Command
• Normally first arriving unit
• Remains until relieved
• Assumption should be mandatory
LO 001 / NFPA Obj. 5-1.3
ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES
Confirmation of Command
• First arriving unit give INITIAL REPORT:
– Unit Identification
– Description of Emergency
– Summary of Conditions
– Plan of Action
– Command Post Location
– Establishment of Command
LO 001 / NFPA Obj. 5-1.3
ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES
Transferring Command
• First arriving unit should Assume Command
• Situation may require quickly Passing Command
• Command will be formally passed when the new
officer arrives on scene
• Usually done face-to-face
– Not released until command is formally passed
LO 001 / NFPA Obj. 5-1.3
Analyzing the Incident
• Given simulated hazardous materials
incidents, describe the principles of
analyzing a hazardous materials
incident at the incident commander
level with at least 80% accuracy.
COLLECTING & INTERPRETING
HAZARD & RESPONSE INFORMATION
• Given access to printed and technical resources,
computer data bases, and monitoring equipment,
the incident commander shall collect and interpret
hazard and response information not available from
the NAERG or a MSDS. The IC shall be able to
identify and interpret hazard and response
information available from each of the following
resources and explain advantages and
disadvantages of each resource.
LO 002 / NFPA Obj. 5-2.1
COLLECTING & INTERPRETING
HAZARD & RESPONSE INFORMATION
– Reference manuals
– Hazardous materials data bases
– Technical information center
– Technical information specialists
– Monitoring equipment
LO 002 / NFPA Obj. 5-2.1
Hazard & Response Information
• Reference Manuals
– Sources emphasize different information
– Use multiple sources
LO 002 / NFPA Obj. 5-2.1
Common Manuals
•
•
•
•
Condensed Chemical Dictionary
CHRIS Manual
Emergency Action Guides
Emergency Handling of Hazardous
Materials for Surface Transportation
LO 002 / NFPA Obj. 5-2.1
Fire Protection Guide
to Hazardous Materials
• NFPA 49 - Hazardous Chemical Data
• NFPA 325 - Fire Hazard Properties of Flammable
Liquids, Gases, and Volatile Solids
• NFPA 491 - Guide to Hazardous Chemicals Reactions
• NFPA 704 - Standard System for the Identification of
Hazardous Materials for Emergency Response
LO 002 / NFPA Obj. 5-2.1
HazMat Data Bases
• Use the source that best fits
• Computer-Aided Management of Emergency
Operations (CAMEO 3.0)
• Oil and Hazardous Materials Technical Assistance
Database (OHM/TADS)
• Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances
(RTECS)
LO 002 / NFPA Obj. 5-2.1
HazMat Data Bases
• Chemical Hazard Response Information System
(CHRIS)
• Emergency Information System (EIS)
• Hazardous Materials Information System (HMIS)
LO 002 / NFPA Obj. 5-2.1
Technical Information Centers
• Responders should know what information each
center can provide
• Chemical Transportation Emergency Center
LO 002 / NFPA Obj. 5-2.1
Technical Specialists
• Responders should develop a network
• Responders should NOT rely ONLY on books
LO 002 / NFPA Obj. 5-2.1
Monitoring Equipment
•
•
•
•
•
•
Information on Hazards Present
Do not rely on one means of monitoring
Combustible Gas Indicators
Oxygen Meters
pH Meters or paper
Radiation Survey Instruments
LO 002 / NFPA Obj. 5-2.1
Response Information
• It’s suggested that you use three different sources
• Advantages and Disadvantages of
– Reference Materials
– Data Bases
– Technical Information Centers
– Technical Information Specialists
– Monitoring Equipment
LO 002 / NFPA Obj. 5-2.1
ESTIMATING POTENTIAL OUTCOMES
• Identify the steps for estimating the
number of exposures within the
endangered area.
LO 003 / NFPA Obj. 5-2.2.1
Estimating Potential Outcomes
• A series of predictions
• Analysis of gathered Physical, Cognitive, and
Technical Information
LO 003 / NFPA Obj. 5-2.2.1
Estimating Potential Outcomes
Components
• Break an incident into
– Product
– Container
– Environment
• Break into Sub-groups of
– Damage
– Hazard
– Vulnerability and risk
LO 003 / NFPA Obj. 5-2.2.1
Estimating Potential Outcomes
Incident Elements
• May occur separately or at the same time
– Spill
– Leak
– Fire
• Estimate identifies the relationship between
components and elements
LO 003 / NFPA Obj. 5-2.2.1
Estimating Potential Outcomes
Exposures
• Predictions should be based on WORST
case scenarios
• Analysis continues throughout incident
• Verify old estimates with new information
• Safety is always primary objective
• Best action may be NO action
LO 003 / NFPA Obj. 5-2.2.1
TOXICOLOGICAL TERMS
& EXPOSURE VALUES
• Describe the following toxicological
terms and exposure values and explain
their significance in the risk assessment
process.
LO 004 / NFPA Obj. 5-2.2.2
TOXICOLOGICAL TERMS
& EXPOSURE VALUES
– Parts per million (ppm)
– Parts per billion (ppb)
– Lethal dose (LD 50)
– Lethal concentration (LC 50)
– Permissible exposure limit (PEL)
– Threshold limit value short term exposure
(TLV-STEL)
LO 004 / NFPA Obj. 5-2.2.2
TOXICOLOGICAL TERMS
& EXPOSURE VALUES
• Threshold limit value time-weighted average
(TLV-TWA)
• Threshold limit value ceiling (TLV-C)
• Immediately dangerous to life and health
(IDLH)
LO 004 / NFPA Obj. 5-2.2.2
RADIOLOGICAL MATERIALS TERMS
• Describe the following radiological materials
terms and explain their significance in
predicting the extent of health hazards and
environmental impact in a hazardous
materials incident.
– Types
– Measurement
– Protection
LO 004 / NFPA Obj. 5-2.2.3
RADIOLOGICAL MATERIALS TERMS
Types:
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–
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Alpha
Beta
Gamma
Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP)
LO 004 / NFPA Obj. 5-2.2.3
RADIOLOGICAL MATERIALS TERMS
• Units of measurement:
– Activity
– Quantity gamma
– Absorbed dose
LO 004 / NFPA Obj. 5-2.2.3
RADIOLOGICAL MATERIALS TERMS
• Protection factors:
– Half-life
– Inverse square law
– Time, distance, and shielding
LO 004 / NFPA Obj. 5-2.2.3
PREDICTING AREAS
OF POTENTIAL HARM
• Identify two methods for predicting the
areas of potential harm within the
endangered area of a hazardous
materials incident.
LO 005 / NFPA Obj. 5-2.2.4
PREDICTING AREAS
OF POTENTIAL HARM
• Determine Potential Concentrations
• Determine Toxicity of Concentrations
• Length of Exposure to Material
LO 005 / NFPA Obj. 5-2.2.4
OBTAINING WEATHER CONDITIONS
• Identify the methods available to an
organization for obtaining local weather
conditions and predictions for short-term
future weather changes.
LO 006 / NFPA Obj. 5-2.2.5
BASIC TOXILOGICAL PRINCIPLES
• Explain the basic toxicological principles
relative to assessment and treatment of
personnel exposed to hazardous
materials, including the following:
LO 007 / NFPA Obj. 5-2.2.6
BASIC TOXILOGICAL PRINCIPLES
– Acute and delayed toxicity
– Routes of exposure to toxic materials
– Local and systemic effects
– Dose response
– Synergistic effects
LO 007 / NFPA Obj. 5-2.2.6
HEALTH RISKS
OF WARFARE AGENTS
• Describe the health risks associated with the
following:
- Nerve agents
- Vesicants (blister agents)
- Blood agents
- Choking agents
- Biological agents and toxins
- Irritants (riot control agents)
LO 007 / NFPA Obj. 5-2.2.7
PLANNING THE RESPONSE
• Given simulated hazardous materials
incidents, identify the principles for
planning a hazardous materials
response at the incident commander
level with at least 80% accuracy.
PLANNING THE RESPONSE
• Given simulated facility and transportation hazardous
materials incidents, the incident commander shall
identify the possible action options (defensive,
offensive, and non-intervention) by response objectives
for each problem. The incident commander shall be
able to describe the steps for determining response
objectives (defensive, offensive, and non-intervention)
given an analysis of a hazardous materials incident.
LO 008 / NFPA Obj. 5-3.1
PLANNING THE RESPONSE
Determining Response Objectives
• Objectives are based on estimated outcomes
• Technician objectives include offensive operations
LO 008 / NFPA Obj. 5-3.1
PLANNING THE RESPONSE
Determining Response Objectives
• Principles
– You cannot influence past events
– The earlier you intervene, the less the damage
LO 008 / NFPA Obj. 5-3.1
PLANNING THE RESPONSE
Determining Response Objectives
• Base Strategy (Objective) on Analysis of Event
Sequence
– Stress
– Breach
– Release
– Engulf
– Contact
– Harm
LO 008 / NFPA Obj. 5-3.1
PLANNING THE RESPONSE
Response Objectives May Include
• EXAMPLES
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–
–
LO 008 / NFPA Obj. 5-3.1
Modify stress to container
Change size of breach
Change quantity being released
Change size of endangered area
Reduce exposures
Reduce level of harm
PLANNING THE RESPONSE
Responsive Objectives
• Can be met defensively, offensively, or through
non-intervention
• Keep the “Big Picture” in mind
LO 008 / NFPA Obj. 5-3.1
Response Objective Analysis Form
Containment System ID.
Event Sequence
Material
Stress
Breach
Release
Engulf
Change
Quantity
Released
Change
Size of
Danger Zone
Contact
Harm
Sample Response Objectives
Change
Applied
Stresses
Change
Breach
Size
Change
Exposures
Contacted
Change
Severity
of Harm
Sample Response Options
Move
stressor
Move
stressed
system
Shield
stressed
system
Chill contents Change
container
position
Limit Stress
levels
Barriers
Dikes and
Dams
Minimize
Activate
venting
devices
pressure
differential
Mechanical
Repair
Diluents
breach
Reactants
Remove
contents
Rinse off
contaminant
Begin
evacuation
Increase
distance
from source
Adsorbents
Absorbents
Cap off
Provide
Sheltering
Overpack
Personal
Protective
Equipment
Provide
shielding
Provide
Prompt
medical
attention
PLANNING THE RESPONSE
Identify Action Options
• Identify the possible action options to
accomplish a given response objective.
LO 009 / NFPA Obj. 5-3.2.1
PLANNING THE RESPONSE
Identify Action Options
• Response Objective Analysis Form
(Fire Protection Handbook)
• Options can be Offensive (Corrective)
or Defensive (Preventive) Actions
LO 009 / NFPA Obj. 5-3.2.1
PLANNING THE RESPONSE
Determining Action Options
• Based on Response Objectives
– (Examples) Change the
• Applied stresses
• Breach Size
• Quantity released
• Size of danger zone
• Exposures contacted
• Severity of harm
• Determine Potential Options
LO 009 / NFPA Obj. 5-3.2.1
Response Objective Analysis Form
Containment System ID.
Event Sequence
Material
Stress
Breach
Release
Engulf
Change
Quantity
Released
Change
Size of
Danger Zone
Contact
Harm
Sample Response Objectives
Change
Applied
Stresses
Change
Breach
Size
Change
Exposures
Contacted
Change
Severity
of Harm
Sample Response Options
Move
stressor
Move
stressed
system
Shield
stressed
system
Chill contents Change
container
position
Limit Stress
levels
Barriers
Dikes and
Dams
Minimize
Activate
venting
devices
pressure
differential
Mechanical
Repair
Diluents
breach
Reactants
Remove
contents
Rinse off
contaminant
Begin
evacuation
Increase
distance
from source
Adsorbents
Absorbents
Cap off
Provide
Sheltering
Overpack
Personal
Protective
Equipment
Provide
shielding
Provide
Prompt
medical
attention
HAZMAT CONTROL TECHNIQUES
• Identify the purpose of each of the following
techniques for hazardous materials control.
– Adsorption
– Neutralization
– Overpacking
– Patching
– Plugging
LO 010 / NFPA Obj. 5-3.2.2
HAZMAT CONTROL TECHNIQUES
• ADSORPTION
–
–
–
–
–
Chemical method of decontamination
Interaction of hazardous liquid and a sorbent
Produces heat
Adsorbents must be disposed of properly
Surface is rigid
LO 010 / NFPA Obj. 5-3.2.2
HAZMAT CONTROL TECHNIQUES
• NEUTRALIZATION
–
–
–
–
–
–
LO 010 / NFPA Obj. 5-3.2.2
Alter a contaminant chemically
Many present hazards of their own
Renders material harmless
Reaction releases heat
Only trained personnel should use
Some states require certification
HAZMAT CONTROL TECHNIQUES
• Overpacking
– Overpack drum is used to contained fixed drum
– Uses an oversized container
LO 010 / NFPA Obj. 5-3.2.2
HAZMAT CONTROL TECHNIQUES
• Patch and Plug
– Uses compatible plugs and patches to stop or
reduce flow
– Caution should be used
– Always keep safety of your personnel in mind
LO 010 / NFPA Obj. 5-3.2.2
APPROVING THE LEVEL
OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
• Identify the four levels of chemical
protection (EPA/NIOSH) and describe
the equipment required for each level
with the conditions under which each
level is used.
LO 011 / NFPA Obj. 5-3.3.1
Approving Clothing
• Structural Fire Fighting Protective Clothing
• Specialized High Temperature Clothing
• Chemical Protective Clothing
–
–
–
–
Level A
Level B
Level C
Level D
LO 011 / NFPA Obj. 5-3.3.1
Approving Clothing
Level A
• Highest respiratory, skin, and eye protection
• Substance has been identified
• High concentration of atmospheric vapors, gases,
or particulates
• Operations involving a high potential for splash,
immersion, or exposure to unexpected vapors
• Substances with a high degree of hazard to skin
LO 011 / NFPA Obj. 5-3.3.1
Approving Clothing
Level B
•
•
•
•
•
•
Concentrations have been identified
Highest respiratory and eye protection
Lesser level of skin protection is required
Oxygen deficient atmospheres
Presence of incompletely identified vapors
Minimum level recommended for initial site
entries until the hazards have been further
identified
LO 011 / NFPA Obj. 5-3.3.1
Approving Clothing
Level C
• Concentrations and types of airborne
substances are known
• Criteria for use of Air Purifying Respirator’s
(APR) are met
• Direct contact will not adversely affect any
exposed skin
• Types of contaminants are known, and a
canister to remove them is available
LO 011 / NFPA Obj. 5-3.3.1
Approving Clothing
Level D
• Work uniform affording minimal protection
• Atmosphere contains no known hazard
• Functions preclude splashes, immersion, or
unexpected inhalation
LO 011 / NFPA Obj. 5-3.3.1
Approving Clothing
Chemical Protective Clothing Terminology
• Describe the following terms and explain their
impact and significance on the selection of
chemical-protective clothing:
– Degradation
– Penetration
– Permeation
LO 011 / NFPA Obj. 5-3.3.2
Approving Clothing
Chemical Protective Clothing Terminology
• Degradation
–
–
–
–
Breakdown of suit material
Chemical or Physical
Increases chance of permeation or penetration
Avoid unnecessary contact and decontaminate
effectively
– Ensure compatibility and watch expected
breakthrough times
LO 011 / NFPA Obj. 5-3.3.2
Approving Clothing
Chemical Protective Clothing Terminology
• Penetration
– Movement through a suit’s closures
– Seams, zippers, valves
– Regular inspection is vital
LO 011 / NFPA Obj. 5-3.3.2
Approving Clothing
Chemical Protective Clothing Terminology
• Permeation
–
–
–
–
–
Different fabrics have different resistance levels
All fabrics will absorb
NFPA 1991 requires a 21 chemical test
NFPA 1992 and 1993 require a 7 chemical test
Watch expected breakthrough times
LO 011 / NFPA Obj. 5-3.3.2
Approving Clothing
Protective Clothing Safety
• Describe three safety considerations for
personnel wearing vapor-protective,
liquid splash-protective, and high
temperature-protective clothing.
LO 012 / NFPA Obj. 5-3.3.3
Approving Clothing
Protective Clothing Safety
• A backup team should be on standby
(29 CFR 1910.134)
• Establish Hand Signals
• Monitor personnel for effects of heat
• Rehabilitation program should be used
• Use vests, cones, or colored lights
• Keep the basics in mind
LO 012 / NFPA Obj. 5-3.3.3
Approving Clothing
Protective Clothing Safety
• Identify hazard zone locations
• A security officer should be designated
• Always ensure all personnel are in the
proper level of protection
• EMS Safety (NFPA Standard 473)
• SAFETY is paramount
LO 012 / NFPA Obj. 5-3.3.3
Approving Clothing
Physical & Psychological Stresses
• Identify the physical and psychological
stresses that can affect users of
personal protective equipment.
LO 012 / NFPA Obj. 5-3.3.4
Approving Clothing
Physical & Psychological Stresses
• Increases physical and mental stress
– Loss of Visibility, Dexterity, and Communications
– Heat Stress
•
•
•
•
Should receive adequate rest and rehabilitation
Drink fluids
Critical Incident Stress Debriefing
Claustrophobia
LO 012 / NFPA Obj. 5-3.3.4
MILITARY CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING LIMITATIONS
• Identify the limitations of military
chemical/biological protective clothing.
LO 013 / NFPA Obj. 5-3.3.5
DEVELOPING A PLAN OF ACTION
• Identify the steps for developing a plan
of action.
LO 014 / NFPA Obj. 5-3.4.1
DEVELOPING A PLAN OF ACTION
• Consistent with the Local Emergency Response
Plan and Standard Operating Procedures
• Develop a plan of action based on the selected
response options
• Plan within capabilities
• All personnel receive safety briefings
LO 014 / NFPA Obj. 5-3.4.1
DEVELOPING A PLAN OF ACTION
Plan of Action Components
•
•
•
•
•
•
Site description
Entry objectives
Organization
Control
Hazard evaluation
Personal Protective
Equipment
LO 014 / NFPA Obj. 5-3.4.1
• Work assignments
• Communications
procedures
• Decontamination
procedures
• On-scene safety and
health considerations
SELECTING PUBLIC
PROTECTIVE ACTIONS
• Identify the factors to be evaluated in
selecting public protective actions including
evacuation and sheltering in-place.
LO 015 / NFPA Obj. 5-3.4.2
Public Protective Actions
• Evacuation
– Must have time to warn people
– Must have time to get ready
– Don’t allow evacuees to congregate
• In-place Protection
– Shut windows and doors and stay away
– Shut down HVAC Systems
• Considerations for each
LO 015 / NFPA Obj. 5-3.4.2
AGENCY RESPONSIBILITIES
AS LISTED IN LOCAL PLANS & PROCEDURES
• Given the local emergency response plan
and/or the organization‘s standard operating
procedures, identify which agency will
perform the following:
NFPA Obj. 5-3.4.3
AGENCY RESPONSIBILITIES
AS LISTED IN LOCAL PLANS & PROCEDURES
• Receive the initial notification
• Provide secondary notification and
activation of response agencies
• Make ongoing assessments of the
situation
• Command on-scene personnel
(incident management system)
• Coordinate support and mutual aid
NFPA Obj. 5-3.4.3
AGENCY RESPONSIBILITIES
AS LISTED IN LOCAL PLANS & PROCEDURES
• Provide law enforcement and on-scene
security (crowd control)
• Provide traffic control and rerouting
• Provide resources for public safety
protective action (evacuation or shelter
in-place)
• Provide fire suppression services when
appropriate
NFPA Obj. 5-3.4.3
AGENCY RESPONSIBILITIES
AS LISTED IN LOCAL PLANS & PROCEDURES
• Provide on-scene medical assistance
(ambulance) and medical treatment
(hospital)
• Provide public notification (warning)
• Provide public information
(news media statements)
• Provide on-scene communications support
NFPA Obj. 5-3.4.3
AGENCY RESPONSIBILITIES
AS LISTED IN LOCAL PLANS & PROCEDURES
• Provide emergency on-scene
decontamination when appropriate
• Provide operational-level hazard control
services
• Provide technician-level hazard
mitigation services
• Provide environmental remedial action
(“clean up”) services
NFPA Obj. 5-3.4.3
AGENCY RESPONSIBILITIES
AS LISTED IN LOCAL PLANS & PROCEDURES
• Provide environmental monitoring
• Implement on-site accountability
• Provide on-site responder identification
• Provide command post security
• Provide crime scene investigation
• Provide evidence collection and sampling
NFPA Obj. 5-3.4.3
DETERMINING EFECTIVENESS
OF AN ACTION OPTION
• Identify the process for determining the
effectiveness of an action option on the
potential outcomes.
LO 017 / NFPA Obj. 5-3.4.4
DETERMINING THE EFECTIVENESS
OF AN ACTION OPTION
• Review sequence of events
• Review possible outcomes
–
–
–
–
Deaths
Injuries
Property Damage
Environmental Damage
• Make adjustments as needed
– Prevent unsafe or ineffective operations
LO 017 / NFPA Obj. 5-3.4.4
SAFE OPERATING
PRACTICES & PROCEDURES
• Identify the safe operating practices/
procedures that are required to be
followed at a hazardous materials
incident.
LO 018 / NFPA Obj. 5-3.4.5
SAFE OPERATING
PRACTICES & PROCEDURES
• Responders have met all competencies of
their appropriate level
• Practices & Procedures
–
–
–
–
–
Significant risk to responders for lifesaving only!
No risk is acceptable if there is no life at risk
Warm & Hot Zones supervised
Personnel accountability system in use
Rest & Rehabilitation area established
LO 018 / NFPA Obj. 5-3.4.5
SAFE OPERATING
PRACTICES & PROCEDURES
– HazMat Branch Safety Officer designated & operating
– Communication established (Hand signals available)
– Appropriate Protective Clothing & Equipment in use
– Rapid Intervention (back-up) Team available
– Medical monitoring in effect
– Responders aware of signs/hazards of terrorism
LO 018 / NFPA Obj. 5-3.4.5
PRE-INCIDENT PLANNING
• Identify the importance of pre-incident
planning relating to safety during
responses to specific sites.
LO 019 / NFPA Obj. 5-3.4.5.1
PRE-INCIDENT PLANNING
• Helps control incidents effectively, safely, and
efficiently
• Benefits
– Familiarize personnel
– Identifies
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Hazards during planning
24-hour responsible parties
Built-in containment systems
Shutoff/Shutdown valves & switches
Location of facility maps
Location & quantities of Hazmat
Vulnerable populations
Facility response capabilities
LO 019 / NFPA Obj. 5-3.4.5.1
SAFETY BRIEFING
• Identify the procedures for presenting a
safety briefing prior to allowing
personnel to work on a hazardous
materials incidents.
LO 020 / NFPA Obj. 5-3.4.5.2
SAFETY BRIEFING
• Safety Briefings are given prior to allowing
responders to work at an incident
• Elements include:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Preliminary Evaluation
Hazard Identification
Description of the site
Task(s) to be preformed
Length of time for task(s)
Required PPE
Monitoring Requirements
Notification of identified risk
Any unique or site specific items
LO 020 / NFPA Obj. 5-3.4.5.2
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
WITH SEARCH & RESCUE
• Identify at least three safety precautions
associated with search and rescue missions
at hazardous materials incidents.
- Buddy systems
- Backup teams
- PPE
LO 021 / NFPA Obj. 5-3.4.5.3
DECONTAMINATION METHODS
• Identify the advantages and limitations
and describe an example where each of
the following decontamination methods
would be used:
LO 022 / NFPA Obj. 5-3.4.5.4
DECONTAMINATION METHODS
Absorption
Evaporation
Adsorption
Neutralization
Chemical degradation
Solidification
Dilution
Vacuuming
Disposal
Washing
LO 022 / NFPA Obj. 5-3.4.5.4
CONFINED SPACE ATMOSPHERIC
& PHYSICAL SAFETY HAZARDS
• Identify the atmospheric and physical
safety hazards associated with
hazardous materials incidents involving
confined spaces.
LO 023 / NFPA Obj. 5-3.4.5.5
CONFINED SPACE ATMOSPHERIC
& PHYSICAL SAFETY HAZARDS
• Atmospheric Hazards
–
–
–
–
Oxygen-deficient
Oxygen-enriched
Flammable/explosive
Toxic
–
–
–
–
–
Engulfment
Falls/Slips
Electrical
Structural
Mechanical
• Physical Hazards
LO 023 / NFPA Obj. 5-3.4.5.5
IMPLEMENTING
THE PLANNED RESPONSE
• Given simulated hazardous materials
incidents, identify the principles for
implementing a planned response of a
hazardous materials incident at the
incident commander level with at least
80% accuracy.
HAZMAT INCIDENT COMMANDER
• Identify the role of the incident
commander during an incident involving
hazardous materials.
LO 024 / NFPA Obj. 5-4.1.1
HAZMAT INCIDENT COMMANDER
• Role of HazMat Incident Commander
–
–
–
–
IAW the Local Emergency Response Plan (LERP)
Overall responsibility for response
Notify & utilize non-local resources
Obtain cleanup and restoration services
LO 024 / NFPA Obj. 5-4.1.1
HAZMAT INCIDENT COMMANDER
• Identify the duties and responsibilities of
the following hazardous materials branch
functions within the incident management
system.
LO 024 / NFPA Obj. 5-4.1.2
HAZMAT INCIDENT COMMANDER
– Duties & Responsibilities
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Backup
Decon
Entry
Hazardous materials branch management
Hazardous materials branch safety
Information / research
Reconnaissance
Resources
LO 024 / NFPA Obj. 5-4.1.2
IMPLEMENTING THE LOCAL
EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN
• Identify the steps for implementing the local
and related emergency response plans as
required under SARA Title III (EPCRA)
Section 303 of the federal regulations or
other state and local emergency response
planning legislation.
NFPA Obj. 5-4.1.3
ELEMENTS OF THE LOCAL
EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN
• Given the local emergency response
planning document, identify the
elements of each of the documents.
NFPA Obj. 5-4.1.4
ELEMENTS OF THE LOCAL
EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN
• Emergency plan must address
– Pre-planning
– Personnel roles
– Emergency recognition
and prevention
– Safe Zones
– Emergency equipment
& PPE
– Mutual Aid
NFPA Obj. 5-4.1.4
-
Evacuation
Decontamination
Medical care
Critique
Safety
Site Security
Emergency Alerting
ELEMENTS OF AN INCIDENT
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
• Identify the elements of the incident
management system necessary to
coordinate response activities at
hazardous materials incidents.
LO 026 / NFPA Obj. 5-4.1.5
HazMat Incident Commander
Information/Research
Liasion
Safety
Operations
Planning
Hazardous Materials Branch Officer
Hazardous Materials Safety Officer
Entry/Reconnaissance Officer
Decontamination Officer
Information Research & Resources
Officer
LO 026 / NFPA Obj. 5-4.1.5
Logistics
Finance
SCOPE OF OUTSIDE AGENCY
REGULATORY AUTHORITY
• Identify the primary local, state, regional, and
federal government agencies and identify the
scope of their regulatory authority (including the
regulations) pertaining to the production,
transportation, storage, and use of hazardous
materials and the disposal of hazardous
wastes.
NFPA Obj. 5-4.1.6
GOVERNMENT &
PRIVATE SECTOR RESOURCES
• Identify the government agencies and private
sector resources offering assistance during a
hazardous materials incident and identify
their role and the type of assistance or
resources available.
NFPA Obj. 5-4.1.7
DIRECTING RESOURCES
• Given a simulated hazardous materials
incident and the necessary resources to
implement the planned response, the incident
commander shall demonstrate the ability to
direct the resources in a safe and efficient
manner consistent with the capabilities of
those resources.
NFPA Obj. 5-4.2
DIRECTING RESOURCES
• Criteria/factors should include the following:
– Task assignment
– Operational safety
– Operational effectiveness
– Planning support
– Logistical support
– Administrative support
NFPA Obj. 5-4.2
PROVIDING INFORMATION
TO THE MEDIA
• Identify the local policy for providing
information to the media.
LO 030 / NFPA Obj. 5-4.3.1
PROVIDING INFORMATION
TO THE MEDIA
•
•
•
•
LERP & SOP’s should outline procedures
Must be accurate
Media can assist in Hazardous Materials Response
Releasing to the public
– Initial Report
– Regular Updates
– Final Report
LO 030 / NFPA Obj. 5-4.3.1
PUBLIC INFORMATION OFFICER
RESPONSIBILITIES
• Identify the responsibilities of the public
information officer at a hazardous materials
incident.
LO 030 / NFPA Obj. 5-4.3.2
PUBLIC INFORMATION OFFICER
RESPONSIBILITIES
• Part of the Incident Commander’s Staff
• Spokesperson for the incident
• Establishes press area in a safe location
• Provides escorts/photo opportunities if
needed
LO 030 / NFPA Obj. 5-4.3.2
EVALUATING PROGRESS
• Given scenarios of facility and transportation
hazardous materials incidents, identify
principles for evaluating the progress of a
hazardous materials incident at the incident
commander level with at least 80% accuracy.
EVALUATING PROGRESS OF
THE PLAN OF ACTION
• Identify the procedures for evaluating whether
the action options are effective in
accomplishing the objectives.
LO 031 / NFPA Obj. 5-5.1.1
EVALUATING PROGRESS OF
THE PLAN OF ACTION
• Action options effectiveness
– Is the incident stabilizing
– Is the incident intensifying
– Are there any changes at all
• Answers allow for changes in Strategy or the
Action Options
LO 031 / NFPA Obj. 5-5.1.1
EVALUATING PROGRESS OF
THE PLAN OF ACTION
• Feedback obtained on:
–
–
–
–
Effectiveness of personnel
Personal protective equipment
Size of control zones
Decontamination procedures
LO 031 / NFPA Obj. 5-5.1.1
COMPARING ACTUAL
VS. PREDICTED BEHAVIOR
• Identify the steps for comparing actual
behavior of the material and the container to
that predicted in the analysis process.
LO 032 / NFPA Obj. 5-5.1.2
COMPARING ACTUAL
VS. PREDICTED BEHAVIOR
• The IC must ask “Are the events
– happening as predicted”
– occurring out of sequence”
– different than expected”
– not happening at all”
• Ask these questions continuously until the
situation is terminated
LO 032 / NFPA Obj. 5-5.1.2
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE RESPONSE
• Determine the effectiveness of the following:
– Personnel being used
– Personal protective equipment
– Established control zones
– Decontamination process
NFPA Obj. 5-5.1.3
TRANSFERRING COMMAND/CONTROL
• Identify the appropriate steps to be taken to
transfer command/control of the incident.
LO 034 / NFPA Obj. 5-6.1.1
TRANSFERRING COMMAND/CONTROL
• Process should be identified in the LERP &
SOP’s
• From one officer to another
• To a higher authority
• From emergency to non-emergency phase
LO 034 / NFPA Obj. 5-6.1.1
CONDUCTING A DEBRIEFING
• Describe three components of an effective
debriefing.
NFPA Obj. 5-6.2.1
CONDUCTING A DEBRIEFING
• COMPONENTS
– Who Responded
– What they did
– When they did it
– How effective was the operation
NFPA Obj. 5-6.2.1
CONDUCTING A DEBRIEFING
• Describe the key topics in an effective
debriefing.
NFPA Obj. 5-6.2.2
CONDUCTING A DEBRIEFING
• KEY TOPICS
– Health Information
– Equipment/Apparatus Exposure
– Follow-up Contact Person
– Identify Problems Requiring Immediate Action
– Say “Thank You”
NFPA Obj. 5-6.2.2
CONDUCTING A DEBRIEFING
• Describe when a debriefing should take
place.
– Should begin as soon as the “Emergency” phase ends
– Before anyone leaves the scene
NFPA Obj. 5-6.2.3
CONDUCTING A DEBRIEFING
• Describe who should be involved in a debriefing.
– HazMat Response Team
– Branch/Sector/Group/Division Officers
– Other Key Players (Public Information Officer, Agency
Representatives)
NFPA Obj. 5-6.2.4
CONDUCTING A DEBRIEFING
• Identify the procedures for conducting
incident debriefings at a hazardous
materials incident.
NFPA Obj. 5-6.2.5
CONDUCTING A DEBRIEFING
• DEBRIEFING PROCEDURES
– Conducted in an area free of distractions
– Conducted by one person
• IC may not be the best person
– Limit to approximately 15 minutes
– Gather information
– It is not a Critique
MULTI-AGENCY CRITIQUE
• Describe three components of an effective
critique.
Note: Critique is OSHA required
• Components
– Positive (cooperative) Process
– Lessons Learned
– Documentation
NFPA Obj. 5-6.3.1
MULTI-AGENCY CRITIQUE
• Describe who should be involved in a critique.
– IC conducts initial meeting to determine attendees
– Representatives from all responding agencies
NFPA Obj. 5-6.3.2
MULTI-AGENCY CRITIQUE
• Describe why an effective critique is
necessary after a hazardous materials
incident.
NFPA Obj. 5-3.3.3
MULTI-AGENCY CRITIQUE
• Necessity of an effective critique
– Opportunity to improve from lessons learned
– Improves health & safety of responders
– System-dependent operations rather than peopledependent organizations
– Willingness to cooperate through teamwork
– Sharing information among emergency response
organizations
NFPA Obj. 5-3.3.3
MULTI-AGENCY CRITIQUE
• Describe what written documents should be
prepared as a result of the critique.
– Should follow Local Emergency Response Plan and
Standard Operating Procedure Guidance
– Post Incident Analysis
– Reports as required by local, state, or federal laws
– Updated Pre-plans
NFPA Obj. 5-6.3.4
MULTI-AGENCY CRITIQUE
• Implement the procedure for conducting
a critique of the incident.
NFPA Obj. 5-6.3.5
MULTI-AGENCY CRITIQUE
• Procedures for conducting a critique
– Initial meeting to determine attendees
– Post-incident analysis reviewed
– Control the critique
• 60-90 minutes
• Direct questions receive direct answers
• Individual observations should be shared with the group
– Each participant present speaks, followed by review of
emergency operations
– Concludes with open forum and wrap-up
NFPA Obj. 5-6.3.5
REPORTING & DOCUMENTING
• Identify the reporting requirements of the
federal, state, and local agencies.
– Procedures Identified in the LERP and SOP
– Comply with local, state, and federal
requirements
– Department of Defense Fire Incident
Reporting System (DODFIRS)
LO 037 / NFPA Obj. 5-6.4.1
REPORTING & DOCUMENTING
• Identify the importance of documentation
for a hazardous materials incident,
including training records, exposure
records, incident reports, and critique
reports.
LO 038 / NFPA Obj. 5-6.4.2
REPORTING & DOCUMENTING
• Importance of Documentation
–
–
–
–
Training Records
Exposure Records
Incident Reports
Critique Reports
• Helps recall facts
– Liability
– Future Pre-planning
LO 038 / NFPA Obj. 5-6.4.2
ACTIVITY LOGS
& EXPOSURE RECORDS
• Identify the steps in keeping an activity log
and exposure records for hazardous
materials incidents.
LO 038 / NFPA Obj. 5-6.4.3
ACTIVITY LOGS
& EXPOSURE RECORDS
• ACTIVITY LOG
– Record of Incident Events & Data
– Usually Chronological
• EXPOSURE RECORDS
–
–
–
–
–
Type of exposure
Length of exposure
Protective Clothing & Equipment worn
Type of Decontamination
On-scene & Follow-up Medical assistance given
LO 038 / NFPA Obj. 5-6.4.3
INCIDENT REPORTING
REQUIREMENTS
• Identify the requirements for compiling
hazardous materials incident reports found
in the local emergency response plan and
the organization’s standard operating
procedures.
LO 038 / NFPA Obj. 5-6.4.4
FILING & MAINTAINING RECORDS
• Identify the requirements for filing
documents and maintaining records found
in the local emergency response plan and
the organization’s standard operating
procedures.
LO 038 / NFPA Obj. 5-6.4.5
LEGAL DOCUMENTATION
& CHAIN-OF-CUSTODY
• Identify the procedures required for legal
documentation and chain of custody/continuity
described in the organization’s standard
operating procedures or the local emergency
response plan.
NFPA Obj. 5-6.4.6
Final Exam
• Administer the computer-based final exam
on CerTest.