Mobile and Wireless Communication Technologies & Techniques
Overview of Mobile Wireless
Communication
National Wireless Communications
Technology Roadmap
Trends in Communications and
Media Technology, Applications
and Use
Evolution of Mobile Wireless
Communication Networks: 1G to 4G
eMobility Strategic Research Agenda
Student Presentations and Research Papers
Presentations and Research Topics
http://web.uettaxila.edu.pk/CMS/SP2013/teMCTTms/
Research Topics (Handouts for Presentations)
1. National Wireless Communications Technology Roadmap
2. Trends in Communications and Media Technology,
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Applications and Use
Evolution of Mobile Wireless Communication Networks: 1G
to 4G
eMobility Strategic Research Agenda 2008
Multiple Access Techniques for Wireless Communication
The Mobile Communication Society
A Study: Wireless Communication Domain
National Wireless Communications
Technology Roadmap
 The wireless communication sector represents one of
the most important arenas of research and expansion
in Malaysia. The last two decades has been
considered to be the era of wireless communications
being led by two major trends: the outburst of
wireless multiple access communications, offering
mobility to the telephone users and the mobile
multimedia. The increasing number of mobile teleco
subscribers cause great concern to the research
community and they are in the process of finding
solutions to accommodate these customers.
National Wireless Communications
Technology Roadmap
 The National Wireless Communications Technology
Roadmap serves as the basis to drive the national
centers of excellence (CoEs) in the area of concern.
 The CoEs will be established based on the expertise
available at R&D organization.
 Moreover, the roadmap will serve as a guide to the
Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation
(MOSTI) for approving research proposals seeking
scientific and technical grants.
National Wireless Communications
Technology Roadmap
 The roadmap could serve as the basis to drive a
concerted effort in R&D activities in wireless
communications nationwide
 As mentioned earlier, to be at the cutting edge of
wireless technologies and hence, to excel in those
areas, it is quintessential to identify the latest
technology trends and challenges.
 Hence, it is necessary to keep this roadmap very
much alive by updating it on a regular basis.
National Wireless Communications
Technology Roadmap
 This roadmap will provide insights to the local
academics and the researchers to work on
technologies of the future.
 The collective belief is that this roadmap will serve
as a useful tool for carrying out R&D in wireless
communications technologies, based on trends and
challenges, to enable Malaysia to be at par with other
developing countries.
Trends in Communications and Media
Technology, Applications and Use
 Trends in Communications and Media Technology,
Applications and Use provides an overview of
infrastructure, applications, social and economic
trends
&
developments,
and
anticipated
developments over the next five to ten years.
 The report focuses on developments since the release
of Top Six Trends in Communications and Media
Technologies, Applications and Services – Possible
Implications, in May 2008. Some continuity is
provided through references to incremental advances
in trends and developments identified previously.
Trends in Communications and Media
Technology, Applications and Use
 This report includes recent developments and
expectations in technologies, applications and use
that were introduced in the May 2008 report, such as
spectrum sharing, deep packet inspection, the
semantic web and social web.
 While the primary focus of this report is on
technology, a section on the social and economic
implications of technology developments has been
added. This new section recognises that the social
and economic use of technology also enables
innovation and change.
Trends in Communications and Media
Technology, Applications and Use
 This overview section also provides a high-level
outline of potential regulatory issues arising from
developments in technology and use.
 The views set out in this report are not put forward as
predictions and there is no attempt to pick technology
winners or losers. The report contributes to work
ACMA is undertaking to inform its understanding of
the operation of regulation in the communications
and media markets and as part of its statutory
responsibilities to be informed and advise on
technology developments and service trends.
Trends in Communications and Media
Technology, Applications and Use
 It offers an opportunity to identify and engage with
change, and to anticipate the need for possible action
by ACMA.
 Research was conducted using desktop analysis over
the period April to November 2008, focusing on
developments of significance reported over the
period. ACMA will continue to update this report
regularly
and
welcomes
your
feedback.
http://www.acma.gov.au/WEB/STANDARD/pc=PC_
311145
Evolution of Mobile Wireless Communication
Networks: 1G to 4G
 The last few years have witnessed a phenomenal
growth in the wireless industry, both in terms of
mobile technology and its subscribers. There has
been a clear shift from fixed to mobile cellular
telephony, especially since the turn of the century.
 By the end of 2010, there were over four times more
mobile cellular subscriptions than fixed telephone
lines (see Fig. 1).
Evolution of Mobile Wireless Communication
Networks: 1G to 4G
 Both the mobile network operators and vendors have
felt the importance of efficient networks with equally
efficient design.
 This resulted in Network Planning and optimization
related services coming in to sharp focus [1, 7].
 With all the technological advances, and the
simultaneous existence of the 2G, 2.5G and 3G
networks, the impact of services on network
efficiency have become even more critical.
Evolution of Mobile Wireless Communication
Networks: 1G to 4G
 Many more designing scenarios have developed with
not only 2G networks but also with the evolution of
2G to 2.5G or even to 3G networks. Along with this,
inter-operability of the networks has to be considered
[2].
 1G refers to analog cellular technologies; it became
available in the 1980s. 2G denotes initial digital
systems, introducing services such as short
messaging and lower speed data.
Evolution of Mobile Wireless Communication
Networks: 1G to 4G
 CDMA2000 1xRTT and GSM are the primary 2G
technologies, although CDMA2000 1xRTT is
sometimes called a 3G technology because it meets
the 144 kbps mobile throughput requirement. EDGE,
however, also meets this requirement. 2G
technologies became available in the 1990s. 3G
requirements were specified by the ITU as part of the
International Mobile Telephone 2000 (IMT-2000)
project, for which digital networks had to provide
144 kbps of throughput at mobile speeds, 384 kbps at
pedestrian speeds, and 2 Mbps in indoor
environments.
Evolution of Mobile Wireless Communication
Networks: 1G to 4G
 UMTS-HSPA and CDMA2000 EV-DO are the
primary 3G technologies, although recently WiMAX
was also designated as an official 3G technology. 3G
technologies began to be deployed last decade.
eMobility Strategic Research Agenda 2008
 By the year 2020, mobile and wireless comm. will
play a central role in all aspects of European citizens’
lives, not just telephony, and will be a major
influence on European economy, wirelessly enabling
every conceivable business endeavor and personal
lifestyle. Following sentence articulates the essence
of the future aims and vision: “The improvement of
the individual's quality of life, achieved through
the availability of an environment for instant
provision and access to meaningful, multi-sensory
information and content.”
eMobility Strategic Research Agenda 2008
 Realization of this vision demands a major shift from
the current concept of “anywhere, anytime” to a new
paradigm of “any network, any device, with relevant
content and context in a secure and trustworthy
manner”.
 The future systems will be complex, consisting of a
multitude of service and network types ranging
across Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), Personal
Area, Local Area, Home Networks, Moving
Networks to Wide Area Cellular Networks.
eMobility Strategic Research Agenda 2008
 The increasing dependency of society on such
communication infrastructure requires considerations
of new applications and requirements into their
design as well as new research methodology to
realize them.
 Research methodology proposed here is based on
Europe’s unique strength and approach to research
and development of telecommunication systems. It is
captured in a new concept called “SET Concept” that
underscores the need for a 3-dimensional vision of
research activities that will deliver Simplicity,
Efficiency and Trust.
eMobility Strategic Research Agenda 2008
 It will strongly advocate “integrated” research and “end-to-
end” solutions. The “Simplicity” is to enable simple use of
services, service deployment and enhancement and simple and
self-optimizing operations, maintenance and upgrades. The
“Efficiency” emphasizes on efficient use of networks’ all
types of resources and more importantly the energy efficiency
contributing towards a greener environment, whereas the
“Trust” considers the new requirements and needs of modern
societal dependency on use and full availability of such
systems in carrying out their daily lives with robust security
and resilience in face of variety of natural and man-made
disasters.
eMobility Strategic Research Agenda 2008
 Several strategically important technologies and nontechnical barriers have been identified and
justifications provided for their considerations into
future national and European research programs. The
technological related chapters are complemented
with further work on “Flexible business
infrastructures”, demonstrating different business
models and business interfaces that are envisaged in
future.
Multiple Access Techniques for Wireless
Communication
 In wireless communications systems, it is often
desirable to allow the subscriber to send
simultaneously information to the base station while
receiving information from the base station. For
example, in conventional telephone systems, it is
possible to talk and listen simultaneously, and this
effect, called duplexing, is generally required in
wireless telephone systems.
 Duplexing may be done using frequency or time
domain techniques.
Multiple Access Techniques for Wireless
Communication
 Frequency division duplexing (FDD) provides two
distinct bands of frequencies for every user. The
forward band provides traffic from the base station to
the mobile, and the reverse band provides traffic
from the mobile to the base station. In FDD, any
duplex channel actually consists of two simplex
channels (a forward and reverse), and a device called
a duplexer is used inside each subscriber unit and
base station to allow simultaneous bidirectional radio
transmission and reception for both the subscriber
unit and the base station on the duplex channel pair.
Multiple Access Techniques for Wireless
Communication
 The frequency separation between each forward and
reverse channel is constant throughout the system,
regardless of the particular channel being used.
 Time division duplexing (TDD) uses time instead of
frequency to provide both a forward and reverse link.
In TDD, multiple users share a single radio channel
by taking turns in the time domain. Individual users
are allowed to access the channel in assigned time
slots, and each duplex channel has both a forward
time slot and a reverse time slot to facilitate
bidirectional communication.
Multiple Access Techniques for Wireless
Communication
 If the time separation between the forward and
reverse time slot is small, then the transmission and
reception of data appears simultaneous to the users at
both the subscriber unit and on the base station side.
 TDD allows communication on a single channel (as
opposed to requiring two separate simplex or
dedicated channels) and simplifies the subscriber
equipment since a duplexer is not required.
The Mobile Communication Society – A cross cultural analysis of available evidenceon the social uses o f
wireless communication technology
 Wireless communication technology is diffusing
around the planet faster than any other
communication technology to date. Because
communication is at the heart of human activity in all
domains, the advent of this technology, allowing
multimodal communication from anywhere to
anywhere where there is the appropriate
infrastructure, is supposed to have profound social
effects.
The Mobile Communication Society – A cross cultural analysis of available evidenceon the social uses o f
wireless communication technology
 Yet, which kind of effects, under which conditions,
for whom and for what is an open question.
 Indeed, we know from the history of technology,
including the history of the Internet, that people and
organizations end up using the technology for
purposes very different of those initially sought or
conceived by the designers of the technology.
 Furthermore, the more a technology is interactive,
and the more it is likely that the users become the
producers of the technology in its actual practice.
The Mobile Communication Society – A cross cultural analysis of available evidenceon the social uses o f
wireless communication technology
 Therefore, rather than projecting dreams and fears on
the kind of society that will result in the future from
the widespread use of wireless communication, we
must root ourselves in the observation of the present
using the traditional, standard tools of scholarly
research. People, institutions, and business have
suffered enough from the unwarranted prophecies of
futurologists and visionaries that project and promise
whatever comes to their minds on the basis of
anecdotal
observation
and
ill
understood
developments.
The Mobile Communication Society – A cross cultural analysis of available evidenceon the social uses o f
wireless communication technology
 Thus, our aim in this report is to ground an informed
discussion of the social uses and social effects of wireless
communication technology on what we know currently (2004)
in different areas of the world. We would have like to consider
exclusively information and analyses produced within the
rigorous standards of academic research. This constitutes a
good proportion of the material examined here. However,
because of the novelty of the phenomenon and the slow
motion of traditional academic research to uncover new fields
of inquiry, the stock of contrasted knowledge on this subject is
too limited to grasp empirically the emerging trends that are
transforming communicative practices.
A Study: Wireless Communication Domain
 Virtually every electronic device designed and
manufactured today, whether be a domestic, medical,
consumer, industrial or military product, is an
embedded system. Complexity in design varies from
low, with a single microcontroller chip, to very high
with multiple units, peripherals and networks [1,2].
 In such a scenario wireless connectivity is one of the
solutions that offers good amount of freedom and
convenience. Short Range Wireless Systems are
specialized programmable systems that are part of a
larger system or a machine.
A Study: Wireless Communication Domain
 This paper provides on overview of the
Communication Techniques for Short Range
Wireless Systems technologies that could be used
with embedded systems for inter-device connectivity.
Instructions for Researchers and Presenters
 Each group will give a presentation on selected topic for 60 minutes (each
student for 20 minutes)
 There will be a 15 minute Question and Answer session (5 minutes after
each group member’s presentation)
 MS Fulltime Students will be required to write a research paper on their
topic of presentation on the IEEE conference proceedings paper pattern
template provided for them.
 All PhD Students will be required to write a research paper on their topic
of presentation on the journal proceedings pattern template provided for
them.
 MS Part time Students will be tested on their presentations by Viva Voca
and/or Quiz. (This can be waved off if these students are willing to follow
the MS Fulltime Students option instead of Viva/Quiz.
 Groups are assigned on first-come-first-serve basis as given in the
following slides.
Student Presentations and Research Papers
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Student Presentations and Research Papers
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Student Presentations and Research Papers
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Student Presentations and Research Papers
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Student Presentations and Research Papers
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Student Presentations and Research Papers
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Q &A
 ?